Clinical efficacy of intradermal type Ⅰ collagen injections in treating skin photoaging in patients from high-altitude areas

BACKGROUND Photoaging,a result of chronic sun exposure,leads to skin damage and pigmentation changes.Traditional treatments may have limitations in high-altitude areas like Yunnan Province.Intradermal Col Ⅰ injections stimulate collagen production,potentially improving skin quality.This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment for photoaging.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal typeΙcollagen(ColΙ)injection for treating photoaging.METHODS This prospective,self-controlled study investigated the impact of intradermal injections of ColΙon skin photodamage in 20 patients from the Yunnan Province.Total six treatment sessions were conducted every 4 wk±3 d.Before and after each treatment,facial skin characteristics were quantified using a VISIA skin detector.Skin thickness data were assessed using the ultrasound probes of the Dermalab skin detector.The Face-Q scale was used for subjective evaluation of the treatment effect by the patients.RESULTS The skin thickness of the right cheek consistently increased after each treatment session compared with baseline.The skin thickness of the left cheek significantly increased after the third through sixth treatment sessions compared with baseline.The skin thickness of the right zygomatic region increased after the second to sixth treatment sessions,whereas that of the left zygomatic region showed a significant increase after the fourth through sixth treatment sessions.The skin thickness of both temporal regions significantly increased after the fifth and sixth treatment sessions compared with baseline(P<0.05).These findings were also supported by skin ultrasound images.The feature count for the red areas and wrinkle feature count decreased following the treatment(P<0.05).VISIA assessments also revealed a decrease in the red areas after treatment.The Face-QSatisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall and Face-Q-Satisfaction with Skin scores significantly increased after each treatment session.The overall appearance of the patients improved after treatment.CONCLUSION Intradermal ColΙinjection improves photoaging,with higher patient satisfaction and fewer adverse reactions,and could be an effective treatment method for populations residing in high-altitude areas.

Atmospheric transmission algorithm for pulsed X-rays from high-altitude nuclear detonations based on scattering correction

In high-altitude nuclear detonations,the proportion of pulsed X-ray energy can exceed 70%,making it a specific monitoring signal for such events.These pulsed X-rays can be captured using a satellite-borne X-ray detector following atmospheric transmission.To quantitatively analyze the effects of different satellite detection altitudes,burst heights,and transmission angles on the physical processes of X-ray transport and energy fluence,we developed an atmospheric transmission algorithm for pulsed X-rays from high-altitude nuclear detonations based on scattering correction.The proposed method is an improvement over the traditional analytical method that only computes direct-transmission X-rays.The traditional analytical method exhibits a maximum relative error of 67.79% compared with the Monte Carlo method.Our improved method reduces this error to within 10% under the same conditions,even reaching 1% in certain scenarios.Moreover,its computation time is 48,000 times faster than that of the Monte Carlo method.These results have important theoretical significance and engineering application value for designing satellite-borne nuclear detonation pulsed X-ray detectors,inverting nuclear detonation source terms,and assessing ionospheric effects.

Geostructures, dynamics and risk mitigation of high-altitude and long- runout rockslides

Long-runout rockslides at high altitude could cause disaster chain in river basins and destroy towns and major infrasturctures.This paper firstly explores the initiation mechanism of high-altitude and long-runout rockslides.Two types of sliding-prone geostructure models,i.e.the fault control type in orogenic belt and the fold control type in platform area,are proposed.Then,large-scale experimental apparatus and associated numerical simulations are conducted to understanding the chain-style dynamics of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow.The results reveal the fragmentation effects,the rheological behaviors and the boundary layer effect of long-runout avalanche-debris flow.The dynamic character-istics of quasi-static-transition-inertia state and solid-liquid coupling in rapid movement of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow are investigated.Finally,the risk mitigation strategy of the non-structure and structure for resilient energy dissipation are illustrated for initiation,transition and deposition zones.The structural prevention and mitigation methods have been successfully applied to the high-altitude and long-runout rockslides in Zhouqu and Maoxian of the Wenchuan earthquake zone,as well as the other major geohazards in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas.

15 nm Bulk nFinFET器件性能研究及参数优化

为研究Bulk FinFET工作时基本结构参数、器件温度和栅极材料对其性能的影响,建立了一个15 nm n型Bulk FinFET器件模型,仿真分析了不同栅长、鳍宽、鳍高、沟道掺杂浓度、器件工作温度、栅极材料对器件性能的影响,发现增长栅长、降低鳍宽和增加鳍高有助于抑制短沟道效应;1×10^(17)cm^(-3)以下的低沟道掺杂浓度对器件特性影响不大,但高掺杂会使器件失效;器件工作温度的升高会导致器件性能的下降;采用高K介质材料作为栅极器件性能优于传统材料SiO_(2)。

袋型阻尼密封动力学特性双控制体Bulk Flow模型

为快速准确预测袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力学特性,针对传统单控制体Bulk Flow模型预测精度低、无法预测交叉动力系数的问题,提出了袋型阻尼密封双控制体Bulk Flow模型和动力学特性数值预测方法,并开发了计算程序。首先,依据边界层理论,将袋型密封腔室划分为两个控制体,推导了控制体的连续性、周向动量和能量方程,引入Swamee-Jain和Takahashi方程,计算流体-壁面间和流体-流体间的周向黏性摩擦力;其次,采用牛顿-拉夫森算法和摄动分析法分别求解0阶和1阶控制方程,获得各刚度、阻尼动力特性系数;然后,通过与袋型阻尼密封泄漏量和动力特性系数的实验值、单控制体Bulk Flow模型和非定常计算流体动力学(CFD)数值结果进行比较,验证了模型和方法的准确性和可靠性;最后,研究了转子转速(10 000、15 000、20 000 r/min)和预旋比(0.067、0.724、0.997)对袋型阻尼密封动力学特性的影响。结果表明:所发展的模型和方法具有计算速度快、预测精度高(泄漏量预测误差小于6%,动力特性系数预测误差小于38%)的优点;转子转速和进口预旋的增大均会导致袋型阻尼密封有效阻尼显著减小,穿越频率显著增大,易诱发轴系失稳。

Anisotropic Band Evolution of Bulk Black Phosphorus Induced by Uniaxial Tensile Strain

We investigate the anisotropic band structure and its evolution under tensile strains along different crystallographic directions in bulk black phosphorus(BP)using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory.The results show that there are band crossings in the Z-L(armchair)direction.

Bulk geochemistry,Rb-Sr,Sm-Nd,and stable O-H isotope systematics of the Metzimevin high-grade iron ore deposit,Mbalam iron ore district,southern Cameroon

Bulk geochemistry,Sr,Nd,and O-H isotope systematics are reported for the first time on banded iron formation(BIF)-hosted high-grade iron ore at the northwestern segment of Congo Craton(CC).Located in Mbalam iron ore district,Southern Cameroon,Metzimevin iron ore deposit is a hematite-magnetite BIF system,dominated by SiO_(2)+Fe_(2)O_(3)(97.1 to 99.84 wt%),with low concentrations of clastic elements e.g.,Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and HFSE,depicting a nearly pure chemical precipitate.The REE+Y signature of the iron deposit displays strong positive Eu anomaly,strong negative Ce anomaly,and chondritic to superchondritic Y/Ho ratios,suggestive of formation by mixed seawater-high temperature hydrothermal fluids in oxidising environment.The^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of the BIF are higher than the maximum^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr evolution curves for all Archean reservoirs(bulk silicate earth,Archean crust and Archean seawater),indicating involvement of continentally-derived components during BIF formation and alteration.TheƐ_(Nd)(t)(+2.26 to+3.77)and Nd model age indicate that chemical constituents for the BIF were derived from undifferentiated crustal source,between 3.002 and 2.88 Ga.The variable and diverse O and H isotope data(−1.9‰to 17.3‰and−57‰to 136‰respectively)indicate that the Metzimevin iron ore formed initially from magmatic plumes and later enriched by magmatic-metamorphic-modified meteoric fluids.Mass balance calculations indicate mineralisation by combined leaching and precipitation,with an average iron enrichment factor of>2.67 and SiO_(2)depletion factor of>0.99.This is associated with an overall volume reduction of 28.27%,reflecting net leaching and volume collapse of the BIF protholith.

Construction Technology of Warm Mix Asphalt Pavement in Cold High-Altitude Areas

With the continuous development of domestic highway construction,highway civil engineering and service level quality have attracted much attention.Good pavement quality and high-quality service make people feel comfortable and smooth when traveling.High-quality pavement can significantly reduce the probability of traffic accidents.At present,there is a direct relationship between pavement quality and pavement construction operations.Carrying out pavement construction operations in cold high-altitude areas requires a reasonable selection of construction equipment and methods.The application of warm-mix asphalt pavement construction technology can ensure pavement quality.Therefore,this paper analyzes the advantages of warm-mix technology,the environmental characteristics of cold high-altitude areas,and construction preparations,and discusses the construction technology of warm-mix asphalt pavement in cold high-altitude areas in detail,to improve the overall road quality of cold high-altitude areas.

单细胞测序与Bulk RNA测序联合分析构建膀胱癌风险预后模型

目的本研究致力于开发一种基于膀胱癌核心细胞差异性表达基因的预后风险评估模型。通过在多个数据集中验证其效力,旨在为膀胱癌患者提供一个新的临床应用工具,用于预后风险评估。方法本研究综合利用了单细胞和Bulk RNA测序数据。我们首先从GEO数据库下载并分析了相关的膀胱癌单细胞和芯片RNA数据集。通过生物信息学方法,我们鉴定了核心细胞的差异性表达基因,并对其进行了功能及通路富集分析。基于这些分析,我们使用单变量和多变量Cox回归方法筛选出与膀胱癌预后显著相关的关键基因,并据此构建了一个预后风险评估模型。该模型在TCGA-BLCA数据集中进一步进行了效力验证。结果经过全面的生物信息学分析,我们鉴定出了223个核心细胞的差异性表达基因。这些基因在细胞外基质的结构和功能方面发挥着重要作用。构建的预后风险评估模型包括5个独立的预后相关基因(MFAP5、PDE4D、ISG15、ADAMTS1和FGL2)。在GEO和TCGA-BLCA数据集中的验证结果表明,该模型具有良好的预测效力,为膀胱癌患者的预后评估提供新型生物学标志工具。结论本研究成功开发了一个基于5个关键基因标志物的膀胱癌预后风险评估模型并具有良好的预测效力。此模型的开发为膀胱癌的生物学研究和临床预后评估提供了一个新的工具,有助于更好地理解膀胱癌的生物学特性并指导患者的个性化治疗。

Settlement Control Technology of High Filled Soil-Rock Embankment in Alpine and High-Altitude Areas

China's infrastructure has gradually achieved large-scale development,and transportation construction has also shifted from east to west,transitioning from plains to mountainous areas.High-fill embankments of different sizes in mountainous areas are unavoidable,and the settlement of high-fill embankments is usually the most concerned issue in high-fill projects.According to the current research of highway projects,most of the high embankments in mountainous areas are soil-rock mixed embankments or rock-filled embankments,and their post-construction settlements are directly related to construction technology and the type of filler used.In this paper,the problems in the settlement control of earth-filled embankment and related factors are analyzed in detail.The settlement control technology of high-fill embankment in high-cold and high-altitude areas is also discussed,so as to ensure the overall quality of high-fill embankment.

Understanding the correlation between energy-state mismatching and open-circuit voltage loss in bulk heterojunction solar cells

Photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer(PICT)determines the voltage loss in bulk heterojunction(BHJ)organic photovoltaics(OPVs),and this voltage loss can be minimized by inducing efficient PICT,which requires energy-state matching between the donor and acceptor at the BHJ interfaces.Thus,both geometrically and energetically accessible delocalized state matching at the hot energy level is crucial for achieving efficient PICT.In this study,an effective method for quantifying the hot state matching of OPVs was developed.The degree of energy-state matching between the electron donor and acceptor at BHJ interfaces was quantified using a mismatching factor(MF)calculated from the modified optical density of the BHJ.Furthermore,the correlation between the open-circuit voltage(Voc)of the OPV device and energy-state matching at the BHJ interface was investigated using the calculated MF.The OPVs with small absolute MF values exhibited high Voc values.This result clearly indicates that the energy-state matching between the donor and acceptor is crucial for achieving a high Voc in OPVs.Because the MF indicates the degree of energy-state matching,which is a critical factor for suppressing energy loss,it can be used to estimate the Voc loss in OPVs.

Comparison of a Spectral Bin and Two Multi-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes for Supercell Simulation:Investigation into Key Processes Responsible for Hydrometeor Distributions and Precipitation

There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization(MP)schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties.Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with“full”Hebrew University spectral bin MP(HU-SBM),and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP(BMP)schemes.HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations,accompanied by less rain evaporation.HU-SBM produces more cloud ice(plates),graupel,and hail than the BMPs,yet precipitates less at the surface.The limiting mass bins(and subsequently,particle size)of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs.Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM,together with snow–graupel collisions,leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs.Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes.Still,they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain,NSSL hail,and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface.Conversely,the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions(PSDs)into spectral bins.The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics,fall speed,hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates,and MP PSD design.

Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor to permeability of blood-brain barrier and brain edema during high-altitude exposure

BACKGROUND： Many studies have evaluated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in traumatic brain edema and hemorrhagic brain edema. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of VEGF expression on permeability of the blood-brain barrier （BBB） during high-altitude and hypoxia exposure, and to investigate the correlation between VEGF expression and BBB permeability with regard to Evans blue staining and brain edema during high-altitude exposure. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Tanggula Etape, Central Laboratory of Chengdu Medical College, and Central Laboratory of General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, China, from July 2003 to November 2004. MATERIALS： Quantitative RT-PCR kit （Sigma, USA）, VEGF ELISA kit （Biosource, USA）, and Evans blue （Jingchun, China） were acquired for this study. METHODS： A total of 180 Wistar rats were equally and randomly assigned to 15 groups： low-altitude （500 m）, middle-altitude （2 880 m）, high-altitude （4 200 m）, super-high-altitude （5 000 m）, 1,3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 days of super high-altitude exposure. Wistar rats were exposed to various altitude gradients to establish a hypoxia model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain water content was calculated according to the wet-to-dry weight ratio. BBB permeability to Evans blue was determined by colorimetric method. VEGF mRNA and protein levels in brain tissues were detected using RT-PCR and double-antibody sandwich ELISA. RESULTS： Brain water content, BBB permeability to Evans blue, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels in brain tissues increased with increasing altitude and prolonged exposure to altitude. The greatest increase was determined on day 9 upon ascending 5 000 m. Simultaneously, VEGF expression positively correlated to BBB permeability of Evans blue and brain water content （r = 0.975, 0.917, P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Increased VEGF protein and mRNA expression was responsible for increased BBB permeability, which may be an important mechanism underlying brain edema during high-altitude exposure.

Comprehensive Marine Observing Experiment Based on High-Altitude Large Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(South China Sea Experiment2020 of the “Petrel Project”)

In collaboration with 12 other institutions, the Meteorological Observation Center of the China Meteorological Administration undertook a comprehensive marine observation experiment in the South China Sea using the Yilong-10 high-altitude large unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). The Yilong-10 UAV carried a self-developed dropsonde system and a millimeter-wave cloud radar system. In addition, a solar-powered unmanned surface vessel and two drifting buoys were used. The experiment was further supported by an intelligent, reciprocating horizontal drifting radiosonde system that was deployed from the Sansha Meteorological Observing Station, with the intent of producing a stereoscopic observation over the South China Sea. Comprehensive three-dimensional observations were collected using the system from 31 July to2 August, 2020. This information was used to investigate the formation and development processes of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020). The data contain measurements of 21 oceanic and meteorological parameters acquired by the five devices, along with video footage from the UAV. The data proved very helpful in determining the actual location and intensity of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020). The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of using a high-altitude, large UAV to fill in the gaps between operational meteorological observations of marine areas and typhoons near China, and marks a milestone for the use of such data for analyzing the structure and impact of a typhoon in the South China Sea. It also demonstrates the potential for establishing operational UAV meteorological observing systems in the future, and the assimilation of such data into numerical weather prediction models.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Results of an Intentional Introduction of Artemia sinica in the High-Altitude Tibetan Lake Dangxiong Co:On a Base of Surveys in 2011 and 2013

1 Introduction The human population is projected to reach 9200million by 2050.A fundamental question for science is whether it is possible to increase food production to meet the demands of a human population of that magnitude.It’s possible only to increase an aquaculture production.Cultivation of fish/shrimp larvae is a bottleneck in a cultivation of the different organisms.Live food

基于Bulk MicroMegas探测器的高能中子束空间分布测量

为验证中国原子能科学研究院(CIAE)自研的100 MeV回旋加速器中的高能中子束是否符合设计要求,利用自研的Bulk MicroMegas微结构气体探测器对该加速器中子场的空间分布进行了首次试验测量。首先通过模拟计算得到不同厚度聚乙烯(PE)转化膜对不同能量高能中子的转化效率、反冲质子的动能谱与角通量谱、反冲质子在Bulk MicroMegas气体探测器内的沉积能量谱以及中子与探测器结构物质反应产物占比等;然后利用Bulk MicroMegas探测器测量该回旋加速器产生的高能中子场在不同能量和距离处28个点位的中子通量分布,并根据通量分布计算中子束斑半径。结果表明,Bulk MicroMegas微结构气体探测器可以实现对高能中子场束斑边界成像,中子通量随束斑半径的变化关系符合常见束斑边界拟合函数;束斑半径测量结果与模拟计算结果接近。

Exendin-4 inhibits high-altitude cerebral edema by protecting against neurobiological dysfunction

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of exendin-4（Ex-4） have been reported previously.However,whether（Ex-4） has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on high-altitude cerebral edema（HACE） remains poorly understood.In this study,two rat models of HACE were established by placing rats in a hypoxic environment with a simulated altitude of either 6000-or 7000-m above sea level（MASL） for 72 hours.An altitude of 7000 MASL with 72-hours of hypoxia was found to be the optimized experimental paradigm for establishing HACE models.Then,in rats where a model of HACE was established by introducing them to a 7000 MASL environment with 72-hours of hypoxia treatment,2,10 and,100 μg of Ex-4 was intraperitoneally administrated.The open field test and tail suspension test were used to test animal behavior.Routine methods were used to detect change in inflammatory cells.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to determine pathological changes to brain tissue.Wet/dry weight ratios were used to measure brain water content.Evans blue leakage was used to determine blood-brain barrier integrity.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was performed to measure markers of inflammation and oxidative stress including superoxide dismutase,glutathione,and malonaldehyde values,as well as interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the brain tissue.Western blot analysis was performed to determine the levels of occludin,ZO-1,SOCS-3,vascular endothelial growth factor,EPAC1,nuclear factor-kappa B,and aquaporin-4.Our results demonstrate that Ex-4 preconditioning decreased brain water content,inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress,alleviated brain tissue injury,maintain blood-brain barrier integrity,and effectively improved motor function in rat models of HACE.These findings suggest that Ex-4 exhibits therapeutic potential in the treatment of HACE.

Mixed Cations Enabled Combined Bulk and Interfacial Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Here,we report a mixed GAI and MAI(MGM)treatment method by forming a 2D alternating-cation-interlayer(ACI)phase(n=2)perovskite layer on the 3D perovskite,modulating the bulk and interfacial defects in the perovskite films simultaneously,leading to the suppressed nonradiative recombination,longer lifetime,higher mobility,and reduced trap density.Consequently,the devices’performance is enhanced to 24.5%and 18.7%for 0.12 and 64 cm^(2),respectively.In addition,the MGM treatment can be applied to a wide range of perovskite compositions,including MA-,FA-,MAFA-,and CsFAMA-based lead halide perovskites,making it a general method for preparing efficient perovskite solar cells.Without encapsulation,the treated devices show improved stabilities.

Multiyear Observations of Deposition-Mode Ice Nucleating Particles at Two High-Altitude Stations in India

Ice nucleating particle(INP) measurements were made at two high-altitude stations in India. Aerosols collected on filter paper at Girawali Observatory, Inter University Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics(IGO), and at the Radio Astronomy Center, Ooty(RAC), were activated in deposition mode using a thermal gradient diffusion chamber to determine the INP concentrations. The measurement campaigns at IGO were conducted during 2011, 2013 and 2014, and at RAC during 2013 and 2014. When the aerosol samples were exposed to an ice supersaturation of between 5% and 23% in the temperature range-17.6?C to-22?C, the maximum INP number concentration at IGO and RAC was 1.0 L-1and 1.6 L-1, respectively.A maximum correlation coefficient of 0.76 was observed between the INP number concentration and ice supersaturation. The airmass trajectories analyzed for the measurement campaigns showed that the Arabian Desert and arid regions were the main INP contributors. Elemental analysis of particles showed the presence of Na, Cl, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, Co, Cd, S, Mn and K, as well as some rare-Earth elements like Mo, Ru, La, Ce, V and Zr. When aerosols in the size range 0.5–20 μm were considered, the fraction that acted as INPs was 1 : 104to 1 : 106at IGO, and 1 : 103to 1 : 104at RAC. The higher ratio of INPs to aerosols at RAC than IGO may be attributable to the presence of rare-Earth elements observed in the aerosol samples at RAC, which were absent at IGO.