Construction Technology of Warm Mix Asphalt Pavement in Cold High-Altitude Areas

With the continuous development of domestic highway construction,highway civil engineering and service level quality have attracted much attention.Good pavement quality and high-quality service make people feel comfortable and smooth when traveling.High-quality pavement can significantly reduce the probability of traffic accidents.At present,there is a direct relationship between pavement quality and pavement construction operations.Carrying out pavement construction operations in cold high-altitude areas requires a reasonable selection of construction equipment and methods.The application of warm-mix asphalt pavement construction technology can ensure pavement quality.Therefore,this paper analyzes the advantages of warm-mix technology,the environmental characteristics of cold high-altitude areas,and construction preparations,and discusses the construction technology of warm-mix asphalt pavement in cold high-altitude areas in detail,to improve the overall road quality of cold high-altitude areas.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Predicting Acute Mountain Sickness Using Regional Sea-Level Cerebral Blood Flow

Objective To investigate the role of sea-level cerebral blood flow(CBF)in predicting acute mountain sickness(AMS)using three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling(3D-pCASL).Methods Forty-eight healthy volunteers reached an altitude of 3,650 m by air after undergoing a head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)including 3D-pCASL at sea level.The CBF values of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery(ACA),middle cerebral artery(MCA),posterior cerebral artery(PCA),and posterior inferior cerebellar artery(PICA)territories and the laterality index(LI)of CBF were compared between the AMS and non-AMS groups.Statistical analyses were performed to determine the relationship between CBF and AMS,and the predictive performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results The mean cortical CBF in women(81.65±2.69 mL/100 g/min)was higher than that in men(74.35±2.12 mL/100 g/min)(P<0.05).In men,the cortical CBF values in the bilateral ACA,PCA,PICA,and right MCA were higher in patients with AMS than in those without.Cortical CBF in the right PCA best predicted AMS(AUC=0.818).In women,the LI of CBF in the ACA was different between the AMS and non-AMS groups and predicted AMS with an AUC of 0.753.Conclusion Although the mechanism and prediction of AMS are quite complicated,higher cortical CBF at sea level,especially the CBF of the posterior circulatory system,may be used for prediction in male volunteers using non-invasive 3D-pCASL.

Settlement Control Technology of High Filled Soil-Rock Embankment in Alpine and High-Altitude Areas

China's infrastructure has gradually achieved large-scale development,and transportation construction has also shifted from east to west,transitioning from plains to mountainous areas.High-fill embankments of different sizes in mountainous areas are unavoidable,and the settlement of high-fill embankments is usually the most concerned issue in high-fill projects.According to the current research of highway projects,most of the high embankments in mountainous areas are soil-rock mixed embankments or rock-filled embankments,and their post-construction settlements are directly related to construction technology and the type of filler used.In this paper,the problems in the settlement control of earth-filled embankment and related factors are analyzed in detail.The settlement control technology of high-fill embankment in high-cold and high-altitude areas is also discussed,so as to ensure the overall quality of high-fill embankment.

A Thematic Analysis of Cold Mountain——On W.P. Inman's Spiritual Pilgrimage

Cold Mountain is a physical and spiritual healing place,at the same time is Inman’s home and a refuge for his soul where he himself can retreat from the sufferings of the war.A redemptive journey to Cold Mounain which is fraught with physical and psychological hardships helps Inman to reconstruct the broken soul but Inman’s real redemption:an escape from a world where he has become so hopeless and meaningless can only obtain through death in the end.

On A Collection of Cold Mountain’s Poems

Cold Mountain,whose date and name was unknown,obscured himself long in the Cuiping Mountain(also known as Cold Cave or Cold Mountain),and set up as Cold Mountain or Man of Cold Mountain.There have been a wide diversity of opinions about his age and all his born days.Principally,there are two centralized views:One holds that Cold Mountain was born in the early Tang Dynasty;the other holds that Cold Mountain was born in the middle period of the Tang Dynasty.The paper followed what had been expounded for further probes.

“冷山不冷”:论查尔斯·弗雷泽《冷山》中的家园共同体

美国作家查尔斯·弗雷泽以《冷山》对美国南方阿巴拉契亚山区冷山住民的家园书写闻名遐迩,而“共同体”理论内涵则成为理解冷山这一家园本质的关键。该作以人物对“共同体”理念的感知与实践为主线,真切描绘出一幅鲜活的家园共同体图景。在弗雷泽刻画的冷山家园中,有八口之家的“跨种族共同体”形塑,有作为姐妹情谊的“女性共同体”责任彰显,还有基于全球意识的“区域共同体”愿景表达,三者共同铸就了冷山中美好的家园共同体生活。《冷山》围绕美国南方冷山深处的家园生活展开叙述,探讨种族情谊、女性联结及区域生活等议题,表现出弗雷泽在21世纪对美国南方文学题材的再关注,以及对全球化时代喧嚣之下的家园生活的思考。

陕西秦岭以北地区清代霜雪灾害与寒冷气候事件研究

运用灾害等级法、数理统计法、小波分析法等对清代陕西秦岭以北地区的霜雪灾害等级、时空分布、周期性及致灾因子进行研究。结果表明:(1)陕西秦岭以北地区清代(1644—1911年)268年内共发生霜雪灾害97次,1644—1703年和1864—1911年为高频期,1704—1783年和1784—1863年为较低频期,且存在3年、7年、11年、28年的准周期。(2)霜雪灾害频次和等级存在季节性特征。霜灾在春秋两季最为频繁,雪灾在冬春季节发生最多,冻灾几乎仅在冬季发生。中度等级灾害多发生于春秋两季,重度等级灾害常发生于秋冬之际。(3)霜雪灾害的强弱与频次在空间上有较好一致性,多集中于陕北黄土高原北部和西北部以及关中盆地东南部。(4)霜雪灾害发生高频期对应气候更为寒冷干燥。冬季风强度是决定霜雪灾害发生的直接因素。(5)小冰期气候在清代最突出的特点是在较暖或炎热月份发生降温达15~20℃的灾难性降温事件,并导致灾难性天气过程。(6)清代陕西秦岭以北地区发生两次极端寒冷气候事件,分别在1662—1692年和1861—1900年,后者指示清代气温最低的时期。

冬奥会复杂山地建筑能耗及碳排放研究

冬奥会延庆赛区山顶出发区、竞速结束区及冬奥村建筑均为永久建筑,在冬奥会结束后仍将保留利用。考虑到该类山地建筑所处极端寒冷气候,为保障建筑功能,需要明确未来能源需求及碳排放量,以便确定能源利用方案。以3类永久建筑为例,基于2019—2021年延庆区实际气象数据,利用能耗模拟软件,分析了其全年能耗水平及碳排放量。结果显示,2019—2021年冬奥村全年总能耗为1.3×10^(6)~1.4×10^(6)k W·h,集散广场全年总能耗为4.2×10^(5)~4.8×10^(5)k W·h,而山顶雪飞燕全年总能耗为2.8×10^(5)~2.9×10^(5)k W·h。冬奥村总能耗显著高于其他两类建筑,且整体能耗较大。2019—2021年冬奥村年度总碳排放量为7.9×10^(5)~8.5×10^(5)kg CO_(2),集散广场年度总碳排放量为2.5×10^(5)~2.9×10^(5)kg CO_(2),而雪飞燕年度总碳排放量为1.7×10^(5)~1.8×10^(5)kg CO_(2)。基于上述结果,建议冬奥村优先使用太阳能光伏、地源热泵等低碳清洁能源供能,降低整体碳排放水平。

榆林山地苹果“七个一”抗寒抗旱栽培技术试验

榆林山地苹果绝大多数为“雨养农业”,为提升山地苹果标准化建园水平,缩短幼树待产周期,该试验以常规栽植为对照,研究“七个一”抗寒抗旱栽植技术对榆林山地苹果幼树栽植成活率、树体生长量及早果性的影响。结果表明,采用该技术,极大地提高了‘长富2’幼树栽植成活率,较常规栽植提高47.5%~51.1%;树体生长量显著增加,一年生‘长富2’株高、分枝数、干径、新梢长度分别较常规栽植增加57.35%~74.59%、110.0%~145.0%、60.00%~61.22%、90.02%~92.42%;早果丰产性明显提升,4年生‘长富2’结果株率较常规栽植增加45.6%~47.3%;6年生株产较常规栽植增加69.66%~80.00%。

大兴安岭寒温带森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量及生态化学计量特征

通过研究森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量的变化特征及其化学计量比,分析在0~200 cm土层中,不同演替阶段土壤有机碳氮磷含量的变化情况。选择黑龙江漠河森林生态系统国家级定位观测研究站森林演替过程中3个典型阶段的代表群落,即兴安落叶松林、落叶松-白桦混交林和白桦林为研究对象,分别对其碳氮磷含量分析。结果表明,在演替前期(白桦林)的土壤中,C含量范围为5.78~28.29 g/kg,N含量为0.243~1.232 g/kg,P含量为0.243~1.232 g/kg。演替中期(落叶松-白桦混交林)C含量为6.39~29.41g/kg,N含量为0.077~1.472 g/kg,P含量为0.41~1.374 g/kg。而在演替后期(兴安落叶松林)的土壤中,C含量范围为6.36~34.61g/kg,N含量范围为0.353~1.463 g/kg,P含量范围为0.353~1.463 g/kg。不同林型的土壤C、N、P化学计量比也存在差异。在0~90 cm土层中,前期的C∶N范围为4.15~11.13,后期为5.92~21.85,中期为5.58~23.24。在90~200 cm土层中,前期的C∶N范围为7.46~19.8,后期为4.56~13.09,中期为5.88~18.07。在50~200 cm土层中,前期的C∶P为4.02~9.11,后期为2.24~10.51,中期为3.32~10.76。在0~200 cm土层中,前期的N∶P范围为0.51~2.95,后期为0.28~1.61,中期为0.36~2.13。通过分析显示,森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量及其化学计量比存在一定的变化规律,了解这些变化规律有助于更好地评估森林生态系统营养循环和土壤质量的变化,为森林管理和保护提供科学依据。

烧山火针法治疗风寒湿型颈型颈椎病临床研究

目的:观察烧山火针法治疗风寒湿型颈型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:选取70例风寒湿型颈型颈椎病患者作为研究对象,采用简单随机法分成治疗组与对照组各35例,其中治疗组有1例脱落,实际完成34例。治疗组采用烧山火针法治疗,对照组采用常规针刺治疗。隔天治疗1次,3次为1个疗程,共治疗1个疗程。疗程结束后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、颈痛量表(NPQ)评估2组治疗前后疼痛和颈椎病改善程度,并观察针刺部位温度变化。结果:治疗组总有效率为94.1%,对照组为71.4%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组VAS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组VAS评分下降较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组NPQ评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且治疗组NPQ评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。第1、2、3次治疗前,2组皮肤边形区域平均温度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,在同一疗程治疗组皮肤边形区域平均温度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:烧山火疗法治疗风寒湿型颈型颈椎病,可提高临床疗效及患者的生活质量,改善其疼痛感和不适症状,其机制可能与提高双侧第4~7颈椎夹脊穴周围肤温有关。

冷拌再生改性沥青混合料在重载密集山区干线公路养护上的应用研究——以云南富源公路分局S204升长线重载密集交通路段为例

《“十四五”公路养护管理发展纲要》提出要提高养护供给能力,加强技术创新,形成一批可推广的先进技术经验。要推动绿色养护发展,大力推动废旧路面材料再生利用,提升资源利用效率。[1]本文以云南省富源县S204升长线重载密集山区路段冷拌再生改性沥青混合料试验和推广为例,对冷拌再生改性沥青混合料运用的关键技术、施工工艺和成本控制进行分析,探讨应用推广的可行性,以供公路养护行业参考。

Relationship between autonomic nervous system function and acute mountain sickness

Objective: To elucidate the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in acute mountain sickness (AMS) during the initial phase at acute high-altitude exposure. Methods: Ninety-nine healthy sea-level residents rapidly ascended to Tibet plateau (3 675 m altitude) by airplane from Chengdu plain (560 m altitude). ANS function was tested in plain and day 2–4 in Tibet by heart rate variability (HRV), cold pressor test (CPT). AMS was evaluated by clinic symptomatic scores. All subjects were divided into non-AMS group (57, scores≤4) and AMS group (42, scores>4). Results: Compared with non-AMS group, AMS group had higher standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of delta RR (rMSSD), low-frequency (LF) power, and normalized low-frequency (LFnu) power in plain (P<0.05). After arrival at 3 675 m altitude, AMS group had greater reduction in percentage of delta RR>50 ms(PNN50), rMSSD (P<0.01) and SDNN, LF, total power (TP) (P<0.05). Although no significant differences in the increase of SP and DP during CPT were found between 2 groups in plain, the SP increase during CPT of AMS group was less than non-AMS group (P<0.05) at 3 675 m altitude. AMS symptomatic scores was not only positively correlated with SDNN, rMSSD, LF/HF in plain (P<0.05), but also negatively correlated with HFnu in plain (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the initial high altitude exposure, ANS modulation is generally blunted, but the relatively predominant sympathetic control is enhanced, and this characteristic change of ANS function is positively correlated with the development of AMS.

The lining responses for shallow mountain tunnels subjected to frost heaving

Mountain tunnels in cold regions are vulnerable to adverse effects of freezing action.Thus,it is necessary to identify the lining responses of shallow mountain tunnels subjected to freezing action.To quantify the influence of freezing action and key design parameters(such as cross-sectional shape;lining thickness;and waterproof measures)on the lining response,a thermal-hydro-mechanical coupled finite element(FE)model is established and verified.Then,specific consideration is given to the lining internal force and resulting axial stresses.And the influences of the cross-sectional shape,concrete parameters,and waterproof measures on the lining responses are investigated.Generally,the rectangular tunnel has the worst security;the circular tunnel is the safest.On the other hand,when the thermal conductivity is less than 2.2[W/(m·K)],a greater thermal conductivity will cause a greater risk of damage to the lining.Moreover,the drainage plate can reduce the value of minimum axial stresses,whether frozen or not,even eliminating the tensiondamaged area.Overall,this study helps to estimate the lining responses and prevent frost damages for shallow mountain tunnels during freezing period.

Study on Possible Mechanism of Terrain Influence on Cold-flow Snowstorm

[Objective] The research aimed to study the possible mechanism of terrain effect on cold-flow snowstorm.[Method] By using the meso-scale numerical model(WRF),a cold-flow snowstorm weather process in Shandong Peninsula was carried out numerical simulation and terrain sensitivity contrast test.The possible reason of terrain effect on falling zone and strength of snowstorm was deeply analyzed from water vapor,thermodynamic field and so on.[Result] The mountain terrain in Shandong Peninsula had great influences on falling zone and strength of cold-flow snowstorm.The strength of snowstorm obviously increased,and the snowfall center obviously moved northward.The main reason was that terrain caused the low-level wind field convergence and vertical movement in the troposphere strengthened.Then,the spatial distribution of water vapor and snow water content in the cold-flow snowstorm process obviously changed.So,the whole snowstorm process was affected.[Conclusion] The mountain terrain in Shandong Peninsula was the important element which needed to be focused on considering in the forecast analysis of cold-flow snowstorm weather process.

An analysis of oasis stability in arid areas:a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

This paper discusses oasis stability at regional scale with a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM). The results showed certain significant aspects. (1) As long as water resources in the oasis keep stable and their utilization efficiency can be maintained or gradually increased, the primary productivity could be continuously increased and the natural primary productivity keeped relatively stable. In this case, it is considered that the oasis is stable and its sustainable development can be achieved at regional scale. (2) Considering the availability of water resources in the oases, the oases on the alluvial-diluvial fans are highly stable. In the alluvial plain downstream of the groundwater overflowing zones the oases are moderately stable and in the lacustrine deltas or dry lacustrine deltas the oases are lowly stable. (3) Enlargement of oases and the increase of water resources and vegetation coverage in the oasis will certainly enhance the 'cold-island effect' of the oasis and increase the stability of oases.

Establishment of an animal model of acute mountain sickness

Aim To simulate the condition when people travel to the plateau. To make a primary investigation about the mice models, which are respectively provoked by exhaustive exercise, cold and fatigue, and epinephrine. Methods Divide the Kunming mice into 8 groups in random, with 10 in a single group, control group in plain; exhaustive exercise group in plain; fatigue ＆ cold group in plain; epinephrine stimulating group in plain; control group in plateau; exhaustive exercise group in plateau; fatigue ＆ cold group in plateau; epinephrine stimulating group in plateau. To simulate the condition when people travel to Lhasa whose altitude reaches 3700m, those mice were carried there during a five-day period. Day 1： Weight the mice after fasting for 12hrs, then treated different with corresponding methods. Day 2： Collect the data of mortality in each group and sacrifice the alive. Weight the cardiac, pulmonary and cerebral tissues and calculate for the Viscera Index. Results After the journey to the plat- eau, the weight of mice decreases significantly, in exhaustive exercise group and fatigue ＆ cold group also with the increase of pulmonary and cerebral index and decrease of cardiac index compared with groups in plain. As for those who are stimulated with epinephrine, the ones in plateau suffer more from pneumonedema but have a longer life span. The sensitivity to epinephrine can decrease in female mice in plateau, which can be reversed in plain. Con- clusions After the journey to plateau, acute plateau pneumonedema and cerebral edema can be provoked by ex- haustive exercise, fatigue and cold, and starvation; The severity of pneumonedema caused by epinephrine are relat- ed to the environment, strength and gender.

秦岭北麓两次下山雷暴不同演变特征分析

2018年7月26日和29日,秦岭北麓雷暴下山形成阵风锋并均在关中平原造成强对流天气,雷暴下山后强度、移动速度以及影响范围差异大,预报难度大。利用多源观测资料及ERA5再分析资料分析这两次过程(分别简称为7·26过程和7·29过程)的差异及成因。结果显示:7·26过程雷暴组织化程度高、生命史长、冷池小时最大变温为16℃,产生大范围短时强降水和雷暴大风;7·29过程以孤立普通单体的生消为主,冷池小时最大变温为8℃,仅造成秦岭沿山局地短时强降水。7·26过程发生在副热带高压西北侧,中低层暖平流发展使不稳定能量增长,关中平原上升运动及北山地形抬升为雷暴移入后发展加强提供了有利的动力条件;7·29过程发生在副热带高压南侧,关中平原以下沉运动为主,不利于雷暴移入后进一步发展加强。7·26过程阵风锋移动方向与边界层风向相反,又与风暴承载层平均风向相同,有利于对流垂直发展,对流发展过程中低层垂直风切变逐步增大,与冷池强度保持同步增长;7·29过程阵风锋移动方向和边界层风向相同,低层辐合弱,整个过程中0~3 km风矢量差始终不足5 m·s^(-1),不利于对流组织化发展。特殊地形对冷池的移动方向及强度产生了影响:7·26过程强的西南出流使冷池呈东北—西南狭长带状沿平原南边界向东北推进,冷池势力集中,移速快,强的辐合触发新对流发展;7·29过程冷池在黄土台塬地形过渡区扩散传播,东南风和西南风出流使对流分裂,冷池强度减弱,不利于新对流触发。

寒区山地紧急医学救援队建设探索

我国地域辽阔,紧急突发情况具有多样性,各地区结合当地地理情况成立特色紧急医学救援队可以更好地保障人民生命健康安全。现以吉林省通化市中心医院紧急医学救援队为案例,总结寒区山地救援队的队员构成、寒区山地装备、救援流程及后勤保障管理等多方面的建设经验,并分析当前建设特色紧急医学救援队的现实困难及相应对策,为其他地区建立符合当地地理环境的特色紧急医学救援队提供参考。