基于Cruise的重型商用车性能匹配分析

针对重型商用车动力系统开发周期长、成本高的问题,该文首先参考法规基于MATLAB编写程序生成需要的换挡策略,再通过AVL Cruise对整车性能匹配进行建模和仿真分析,得到油耗、动力性都满足要求的最优动力方案,并与该方案对应的实测值进行对比分析。结果表明,仿真结果与实测结果基本吻合,模型仿真可以代替实测对整车性能提前评估,缩短产品开发周期和成本。

Clinical efficacy of intradermal type Ⅰ collagen injections in treating skin photoaging in patients from high-altitude areas

BACKGROUND Photoaging,a result of chronic sun exposure,leads to skin damage and pigmentation changes.Traditional treatments may have limitations in high-altitude areas like Yunnan Province.Intradermal Col Ⅰ injections stimulate collagen production,potentially improving skin quality.This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment for photoaging.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal typeΙcollagen(ColΙ)injection for treating photoaging.METHODS This prospective,self-controlled study investigated the impact of intradermal injections of ColΙon skin photodamage in 20 patients from the Yunnan Province.Total six treatment sessions were conducted every 4 wk±3 d.Before and after each treatment,facial skin characteristics were quantified using a VISIA skin detector.Skin thickness data were assessed using the ultrasound probes of the Dermalab skin detector.The Face-Q scale was used for subjective evaluation of the treatment effect by the patients.RESULTS The skin thickness of the right cheek consistently increased after each treatment session compared with baseline.The skin thickness of the left cheek significantly increased after the third through sixth treatment sessions compared with baseline.The skin thickness of the right zygomatic region increased after the second to sixth treatment sessions,whereas that of the left zygomatic region showed a significant increase after the fourth through sixth treatment sessions.The skin thickness of both temporal regions significantly increased after the fifth and sixth treatment sessions compared with baseline(P<0.05).These findings were also supported by skin ultrasound images.The feature count for the red areas and wrinkle feature count decreased following the treatment(P<0.05).VISIA assessments also revealed a decrease in the red areas after treatment.The Face-QSatisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall and Face-Q-Satisfaction with Skin scores significantly increased after each treatment session.The overall appearance of the patients improved after treatment.CONCLUSION Intradermal ColΙinjection improves photoaging,with higher patient satisfaction and fewer adverse reactions,and could be an effective treatment method for populations residing in high-altitude areas.

Atmospheric transmission algorithm for pulsed X-rays from high-altitude nuclear detonations based on scattering correction

In high-altitude nuclear detonations,the proportion of pulsed X-ray energy can exceed 70%,making it a specific monitoring signal for such events.These pulsed X-rays can be captured using a satellite-borne X-ray detector following atmospheric transmission.To quantitatively analyze the effects of different satellite detection altitudes,burst heights,and transmission angles on the physical processes of X-ray transport and energy fluence,we developed an atmospheric transmission algorithm for pulsed X-rays from high-altitude nuclear detonations based on scattering correction.The proposed method is an improvement over the traditional analytical method that only computes direct-transmission X-rays.The traditional analytical method exhibits a maximum relative error of 67.79% compared with the Monte Carlo method.Our improved method reduces this error to within 10% under the same conditions,even reaching 1% in certain scenarios.Moreover,its computation time is 48,000 times faster than that of the Monte Carlo method.These results have important theoretical significance and engineering application value for designing satellite-borne nuclear detonation pulsed X-ray detectors,inverting nuclear detonation source terms,and assessing ionospheric effects.

Real-Time Co-optimization of Gear Shifting and Engine Torque for Predictive Cruise Control of Heavy-Duty Trucks

Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty trucks.Predictive cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road information.In this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty trucks.To minimize fuel consumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control(MPC),in which the upcoming road elevation information is used.Finding the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time consuming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting method.Dynamic programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed solver.Simulation,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed controller.The results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing roads.Moreover,the proposed co-optimization controller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without compromising the truck’s travel time.

The Chinese Consumers’Service Quality Satisfaction Differences of Cruise Tourism and Precision Marketing Strategy

The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method, and other quantitative and qualitative methods were taken to analyze Chinese consumers’ satisfaction differences of cruise tourism service quality with different segmentation markets and clusters markets, and the reasons of satisfaction differences were also explored. Then precision marketing strategy of Chinese cruise tourism with different segmentation markets and clusters markets from the supply-side reform perspective was discussed. The purpose of current research was to provide suggestions of precision management and precision marketing of Chinese cruise tourism for relevant enterprises and government departments.

Single-Arm Clinical Study of Combination Perindopril-Amlodipine Tablets in the Treatment of High-Altitude Hypertension

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of combination perindopril/amlodipine tablets in patients with high-altitude hypertension who were previously unable to control their blood pressure with monotherapy.Methods:A total of 151 patients with high-altitude hypertension whose blood pressure remained inadequately controlled with previous monotherapy were enrolled in this study.All patients received an 8-week treatment with a combination of perindopril/amlodipine tablets,consisting of perindopril 10 mg/day and amlodipine 5 mg/day.Blood pressure measurements,including both diastolic and systolic pressures,were taken at baseline,and after 2,4,6,and 8 weeks of treatment.Results:After 8 weeks of treatment,there was a significant reduction in both average systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to baseline(P<0.0001).Specifically,the average systolic blood pressure decreased by 24.45±13.75 mmHg,and the average diastolic blood pressure decreased by 13.37±8.40 mmHg.The overall heart rate showed no significant changes during the treatment period.Conclusion:A combination of perindopril/amlodipine tablets significantly improved blood pressure control in patients with high-altitude hypertension after 8 weeks of treatment.These results support the efficacy of combination perindopril/amlodipine as a viable treatment option for high-altitude hypertension.

基于Cruise的纯电动汽车建模及仿真研究

为了缩短纯电动汽车设计开发周期,采用基于Cruise与MATLAB/SIMULINK联合仿真的方法,依据仿真试验结果对所选电机及所设计控制策略运行状态进行分析。首先,运用Cruise软件搭建纯电动汽车仿真模型;其次,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中建立纯电动汽车控制策略;最后,通过两者的联合仿真,在多个工况下分析车速跟随情况、电机转速及扭矩、电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)值变化情况,进而分析控制策略与所选电机运行状况是否匹配,缩短整车电机选型、控制策略设计及开发的周期。

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Platoon Fleet Formation Model Considering Efficiency and Stability

In the existing formation model,vehicles in the same lane or adjacent lane are regarded as the structure,and the driving behavior of vehicles is studied from the perspectives of safety,speed consistency,and stability,and the speed control model is proposed from the perspective of vehicles themselves,to obtain a stable fleet with the same distance and speed.However,in this process,the initial condition of the vehicle,the traffic flow environment,and the efficiency of the fleet formation are less considered.Therefore,based on summarizing the existing fleet building model,this paper puts forward the rapid construction model and algorithm of a cooperative adaptive cruise control platoon fleet.One of the important goals of forming a team is to enter the team with the smoothest trajectory in the shortest time.Therefore,this chapter studies the trajectory optimization of the vehicle formation process from the perspective of vehicle dynamics.

A Lane Change Model Considering the Stability of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Platoon Fleet

In this article,lane change models for mixed traffic flow under cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)platoon formation are established.The analysis begins by examining the impact of lane changes on traffic flow stability.The influences of various factors such as lane change locations,timing,and the current traffic state on stability are discussed.In this analysis,it is assumed that the lane change location and the entry position in the adjacent lane have already been selected,without considering the specific intention behind the lane change.The speeds of the involved vehicles are adjusted based on an existing lane change model,and various conditions are analyzed for traffic flow disturbances,including duration,shock amplitude,and driving delays.Numerical calculations are provided to illustrate these effects.Additionally,traffic flow stability is factored into the lane change decision-making process.By incorporating disturbances to the fleet into the lane change income model,both a lane change intention model and a lane change execution model are constructed.These models are then compared with a model that does not account for stability,leading to the corresponding conclusions.

Geostructures, dynamics and risk mitigation of high-altitude and long- runout rockslides

Long-runout rockslides at high altitude could cause disaster chain in river basins and destroy towns and major infrasturctures.This paper firstly explores the initiation mechanism of high-altitude and long-runout rockslides.Two types of sliding-prone geostructure models,i.e.the fault control type in orogenic belt and the fold control type in platform area,are proposed.Then,large-scale experimental apparatus and associated numerical simulations are conducted to understanding the chain-style dynamics of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow.The results reveal the fragmentation effects,the rheological behaviors and the boundary layer effect of long-runout avalanche-debris flow.The dynamic character-istics of quasi-static-transition-inertia state and solid-liquid coupling in rapid movement of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow are investigated.Finally,the risk mitigation strategy of the non-structure and structure for resilient energy dissipation are illustrated for initiation,transition and deposition zones.The structural prevention and mitigation methods have been successfully applied to the high-altitude and long-runout rockslides in Zhouqu and Maoxian of the Wenchuan earthquake zone,as well as the other major geohazards in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas.

Modified Elite Opposition-Based Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm for Designing FOPID Controlled Cruise Control System

Efficient speed controllers for dynamic driving tasks in autonomous vehicles are crucial for ensuring safety and reliability.This study proposes a novel approach for designing a fractional order proportional-integral-derivative(FOPID)controller that utilizes a modified elite opposition-based artificial hummingbird algorithm(m-AHA)for optimal parameter tuning.Our approach outperforms existing optimization techniques on benchmark functions,and we demonstrate its effectiveness in controlling cruise control systems with increased flexibility and precision.Our study contributes to the advancement of autonomous vehicle technology by introducing a novel and efficient method for FOPID controller design that can enhance the driving experience while ensuring safety and reliability.We highlight the significance of our findings by demonstrating how our approach can improve the performance,safety,and reliability of autonomous vehicles.This study’s contributions are particularly relevant in the context of the growing demand for autonomous vehicles and the need for advanced control techniques to ensure their safe operation.Our research provides a promising avenue for further research and development in this area.

基于Cruise的燃料电池重卡动力性仿真

以太原市某汽车生产企业的4×2型氢燃料电池重卡作为研究对象,针对其整车动力系统展开研究。首先,对氢燃料电池重卡的动力系统结构进行研究;其次,对氢燃料电池重卡动力系统的结构形式进行综合分析,选择燃料电池与动力蓄电池混合驱动的动力系统结构,并对氢燃料电池重卡进行动力系统部件的选型和参数确定;最后,通过AVL Cruise建立氢燃料电池重卡整车模型,对整车模型中的各模块进行参数设置,并对氢燃料电池重卡进行整车动力性测试。结果表明,氢燃料电池重卡整车动力性良好,为后续进一步对动力系统优化提供了参考。

基于Cruise的商用车整车性能分析设计及应用

文章通过AVL CRUISE建立车辆模型,主要对发动机、离合器、变速箱、驱动桥、车轮的选型及整车的匹配设计,仿真计算分析出车辆的不同工况下的牵引力,加速度、加速时间、最高转速,爬坡度、油耗值、制动性;对整车传动系统关键部件进行参数进行分析,从而合理的匹配设计,通过试制试验、加载性能试验以及用户实际工况使用验证,选择满足商用车使用性能的设计参数,最终实现推广应用。

基于CRUISE软件的某纯电动汽车仿真分析

该文探讨使用CRUISE软件进行纯电动汽车动力经济性仿真分析的方法,介绍CRUISE软件功能及分析应用方向。以纯电动汽车动力系统动力性分析为例,阐述纯电动汽车动力性分析的方法。

基于Cruise的混合动力汽车动力系统参数匹配

文章以某款混合动力汽车为研究对象,确定整车性能目标,根据车辆具体参数对发动机、电机、电池等动力系统主要部件参数进行计算与选型,设计了电控机械式自动变速器(AMT)和机械式无级变速器(CVT)两种传动方案;在Cruise软件中构建仿真模型,测试最高车速、加速度、爬坡度等动力性指标;使用新欧洲驾驶循环(NEDC)工况进行经济性仿真对比测试不同传动方案对油耗的影响。仿真结果表明,整车动力性满足要求,动力系统参数选择合理,CVT传动方案发动机运行效率更高。

Construction Technology of Warm Mix Asphalt Pavement in Cold High-Altitude Areas

With the continuous development of domestic highway construction,highway civil engineering and service level quality have attracted much attention.Good pavement quality and high-quality service make people feel comfortable and smooth when traveling.High-quality pavement can significantly reduce the probability of traffic accidents.At present,there is a direct relationship between pavement quality and pavement construction operations.Carrying out pavement construction operations in cold high-altitude areas requires a reasonable selection of construction equipment and methods.The application of warm-mix asphalt pavement construction technology can ensure pavement quality.Therefore,this paper analyzes the advantages of warm-mix technology,the environmental characteristics of cold high-altitude areas,and construction preparations,and discusses the construction technology of warm-mix asphalt pavement in cold high-altitude areas in detail,to improve the overall road quality of cold high-altitude areas.

基于CRUISE的设施农业电动拖拉机仿真分析

利用CRUISE软件建立面向设施农业的电动拖拉机仿真模型并对仿真模型各组成部分进行参数设置。设置电动拖拉机最大牵引力、最大爬坡度、最高车速及加速时间仿真任务,并通过分析电动拖拉机仿真工况绘制电池组SOC曲线计算整车续航时间。仿真结果对项目后期样车生产具有理论指导作用,对设计的电动拖拉机进行了参数匹配,证明其具有可行性,并通过对电动拖拉机仿真结果的分析可以看出所设计的整车参数及各部件的参数匹配均合理正确,达到设计要求。

A Study on the Factors Influencing Value-Added in the Cruise Ship Value Chain Based on the DEMATEL-ISM Model

Cruise value chain is to take the exchange of cruise products and services as the core in a certain spatial scope,and enterprises with core advantages within or between different industries establish associations in accordance with certain technical and economic conditions,so as to realise the multi-dimensional extension and value appreciation of the cruise value chain in the vertical and horizontal links,and ultimately establish a chain-network type of enterprise strategic alliance.This paper tries to analyse the value-added factors of the cruise industry chain by constructing a multi-level hierarchical structural model with reference to the influencing factor analysis methods of relevant literature-DEMATEL(Decision Making Experiment and Evaluation Experiment)and ISM(Interpretative Structural Model).The study shows that the innovation and scale value-added module in the upstream of the cruise industry chain is the core module of value-added of the whole cruise industry chain,and the value-added mainly originates from the design and manufacturing of cruise ships.The middle reaches of the cruise industry chain are mainly cruise operation enterprises,and the specificity of cruise operation determines that its brand value-added is mainly accomplished through the global layout of multinational corporations,and the cruise brand is able to drive the consumption demand and has value-added ability.The downstream value-added of the cruise industry chain is mainly realised through the increase in profits of cruise tourism service products.

Settlement Control Technology of High Filled Soil-Rock Embankment in Alpine and High-Altitude Areas

China's infrastructure has gradually achieved large-scale development,and transportation construction has also shifted from east to west,transitioning from plains to mountainous areas.High-fill embankments of different sizes in mountainous areas are unavoidable,and the settlement of high-fill embankments is usually the most concerned issue in high-fill projects.According to the current research of highway projects,most of the high embankments in mountainous areas are soil-rock mixed embankments or rock-filled embankments,and their post-construction settlements are directly related to construction technology and the type of filler used.In this paper,the problems in the settlement control of earth-filled embankment and related factors are analyzed in detail.The settlement control technology of high-fill embankment in high-cold and high-altitude areas is also discussed,so as to ensure the overall quality of high-fill embankment.

基于CRUISE的动力传动系统建模与仿真分析

在车辆动力传动系统设计及匹配研究中,系统的建模是一个非常复杂的过程,耗时较长,给研究工作带来诸多不便.利用专业软件进行建模与仿真可大大提高研究效率.在分析CRUISE仿真软件功能特点基础上,进行了手动变速传动系统建模仿真分析.应用该软件建立的车辆动力传动系统模型具有方便、简单、容易调试、直观性强等特点,不仅可以节省大量时间,而且便于用户分析和研究仿真结果以及修正参数,从而快速完成系统的设计.