Information acquisition technology for small hydropower stations in remote areas based on high-and low-orbit satellites

With a lack of coverage in private and public power communication networks,especially for collection of information from hydropower stations in remote areas,communication coverage is a significant issue.Satellite communication provides a large coverage area suitable for a variety of services and is less affected by geographical factors;moreover,the costs are independent of the communication distance.This study investigates information acquisition technology for small hydropower stations in remote areas using high-and low-orbit satellites.The information collection needs of small hydropower stations in remote areas are analyzed,and an information acquisition system is designed using high-and low-orbit satellites.For network security protection,network anomaly detection technology based on a support vector machine algorithm is proposed.The effectiveness of information collection was evaluated and verified for small hydropower plants in remote areas.The system provides technical support for“full coverage,full collection,and full monitoring”of the measurement automation information acquisition system.

High-and Low-Frequency Probe Tone Tympanometry in Chinese Infants

Objective To assess the utility of low- and high-frequency tympanometry in the diagnosis of middle ear dysfunction in Chinese infants. Methods Tympanograms were obtained with 226 Hz, 678 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tones from infants aged 5-25 weeks with normal auditory brainstem responses(ABRs)(15 infants, 30 ears) and with prolonged wave I latencies(17 infants, 20 ears), suggesting middle ear dysfunction, using a GSI Tympstar middle ear analyzer Version II. Results The single-peaked tympanogram was the most characteristic type in both groups and seen in 25 ears (83.3%) in the normal ABR group and in 18 ears (90%) in the delayed wave I group, respectively. The peak pressure, peak compensated static acoustic admittance and gradient of 226 Hz tympanometry were of no significant differences between the two groups. The 678 Hz tympanograms of admittance, susceptance and conductance demonstrated non-peak, single-, double- and tri-peaked patterns in both groups. The agreement between ABRs and 678 Hz tympanograms of admittance,susceptance and conductance were 70.0%, 58.0% and 64.0%(kappa=0.324, 0.234 and 0.118) respectively. For 1000 Hz probe tone, admittance, susceptance and conductance tympanograms showed single peaked patterns in 28(93.3%), 25 (83.3%) and 26(86.7%) of the 30 normal ears. Admittance, susceptance and conductance tympanograms using the 1000 Hz probe tone were flat in 15 (75%), 17(85%) and 13 (65%) of the ears in infants with prolonged wave I latencies. For 1000 Hz admittance, susceptance and conductance Tympanograms, the agreement between tympanometry and ABR results were 90.0%, 92.0% and 86.0% with kappa at 0.783, 0.831 and 0.690, respectively. Conclusion 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry is a promising middle ear function test for infants of 1-6 months age, while 226 Hz and 678 Hz probe tones are less efficient in detecting middle ear dysfunction in infants.

基于英语学科的高中生文化理解力的内涵、价值与培养策略

基于英语学科的高中生文化理解力指的是高中生对英语学科所蕴含的中外文化的理解能力,其价值体现在助力高中生英语听、说、读、看、写语言技能的提升,加强高中生对中华优秀文化的认同和传承,促进高中生的跨文化交际与传播。为培养基于英语学科的高中生文化理解力,教师要扩充学生中外文化知识,奠定文化理解基础;研读英语教材语篇,深挖语篇文化内容;依托单元文化主题,开展项目化学习;组织丰富的文化活动,增强学生文化体验。

青藏高原与安第斯高原地区儿童青少年的身高、体重和胸围的对比

通过青藏高原和安第斯山高原地区儿童青少年身高、体重和胸围的比对,探讨高原地区儿童青少年生长发育的规律和特点,找出儿童青少年生长发育的高原地区差异,进一步改善高原地区居民的健康状态,促进儿童青少年生长发育,为高原医学和高原人类学的发展提供理论基础。本文以青藏高原和安第斯山高原地区儿童青少年为研究对象。选择在西藏出生长大、经体检证明身体健康6-21岁藏族男女(父母3代藏族)共2813例有效样本(男,1417例;女,1396例),在知情同意情况下直接测量了身高、体重和胸围。印度、秘鲁、玻利维亚、智利等国家和地区儿童青少年生长发育资料从文献中获取。去除不完整的无法比较及年代过于久远的材料,排除小样本及数据不全和不符合要求的样本,严格控制质量。所有测量数据输入SPSS13.0统计软件包。对数据进行描述性统计分析、独立样本t检验、方差分析等统计学处理。结果显示:1)青藏高原儿童青少年男女身高高于安第斯山男女。2)青藏高原儿童青少年的体重与安第斯山儿童青少年相近。3)青藏高原儿童青少年的胸围明显小于安第斯山儿童青少年。高原地区与非高原地区儿童青少年生长发育相比有相似性又有特殊性(如发育水平低,胸径较大,生长发育指标普遍低于WHO(2007)和本国国内水平)。西藏藏族儿童青少年比安第斯山的发育好,两者具有不同的体质特征,这可能与生态环境、高原缺氧、遗传因素和社会经济文化等多种因素有关。

The Assessment of Global Surface Temperature Change from 1850s:The C-LSAT2.0 Ensemble and the CMST-Interim Datasets

Based on C-LSAT2.0,using high-and low-frequency components reconstruction methods,combined with observation constraint masking,a reconstructed C-LSAT2.0 with 756 ensemble members from the 1850s to 2018 has been developed.These ensemble versions have been merged with the ERSSTv5 ensemble dataset,and an upgraded version of the CMSTInterim dataset with 5°×5°resolution has been developed.The CMST-Interim dataset has significantly improved the coverage rate of global surface temperature data.After reconstruction,the data coverage before 1950 increased from 78%−81%of the original CMST to 81%−89%.The total coverage after 1955 reached about 93%,including more than 98%in the Northern Hemisphere and 81%−89%in the Southern Hemisphere.Through the reconstruction ensemble experiments with different parameters,a good basis is provided for more systematic uncertainty assessment of C-LSAT2.0 and CMSTInterim.In comparison with the original CMST,the global mean surface temperatures are estimated to be cooler in the second half of 19th century and warmer during the 21st century,which shows that the global warming trend is further amplified.The global warming trends are updated from 0.085±0.004℃(10 yr)^(–1)and 0.128±0.006℃(10 yr)^(–1)to 0.089±0.004℃(10 yr)^(–1)and 0.137±0.007℃(10 yr)^(–1),respectively,since the start and the second half of 20th century.

安第斯山中段现今地应力测量及地震相关性分析

安第斯山位于纳兹卡洋壳板块和南美板块之间,是全球地震频发区域之一,被誉为地震与活动构造学家的天然实验室。本文利用矿山探矿钻孔,采用水压致裂原位地应力测试技术,首次获取安第斯山中段千米深孔原地应力大小及方向随深度变化规律。结果表明测试深度范围内主应力的量值随深度增加而增大,水平最大、最小主应力及垂向应力量值范围分别为12.38~34.47 MPa,7.97~24.15 MPa和6.81~26.10 MPa,主应力之间的关系为σH〉σv≥σh,σH/σh比值介于1.43~1.66之间。最大水平主应力方向与震源机制解和地表调查结果基本吻合。以实测地应力资料为基础,利用安德森断层理论及库伦摩擦破裂准则,探讨了震源深度（假定30 km）处的应力状态及断层达到临界破坏时的孔隙压力,结果表明除纳兹卡板块持续俯冲外,高孔隙压力可能是该区地震频发的主要原因。研究结果不仅为该区地震机理研究提供了实测资料,而且对世界应力图数据库具有重要补充价值。

Extraordinary Compatibility to Mass Loading and Rate Capability of Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanorods Electrode Derived from the Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil

The conversion of waste tire pyrolysis oil(WTPO)into S-doped porous carbon nanorods(labeled as WPCNs)with hierarchical pore structure is realized by a simple template-directed approach.The specific surface area of as-obtained porous carbon nanorods can reach up to 1448 m^(2) g^(−1) without the addition of any activating agent.As the capacitive electrode,WPCNs possess the extraordinary compatibility to capacitance,different electrolyte systems as well as long-term cycle life even at a commercial-level areal mass loading(10 mg cm^(−2)).Besides,only an extremely small capacitance fluctuation is observed under the extreme circumstance(−40 to 80℃),reflecting the excellent high-and low-temperature performance.The relationship between the pore structure and capacitive behavior is analyzed by comparing WPCNs with mesopores-dominated asphalt-derived porous carbon nanorods(APCNs)and micropores-dominated activated carbon.The molecular dynamics simulation further reveals the ion diffusion and transfer ability of the as-prepared carbon materials under different pore size distribution.The total ion flow(NT)of WPCNs calculated by the simulation is obviously larger than APCNs and the N_(T) ratio between them is similar with the experimental average capacitance ratio.Furthermore,this work also provides a valuable strategy to prepare the electrode material with high capacitive energy storage ability through the high value-added utilization of WTPO.

Irradiation Response of Adipose-derived Stem Cells under Three-dimensional Culture Condition

Objective Adipose tissue distributes widely in human body. The irradiation response of the adipose cells in vivo remains to be investigated. In this study we investigated irradiation response of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) under three-dimensional culture condition. Methods ASCs were isolated and cultured in low attachment dishes to form three-dimensional (3D) spheres in vitro. The neuronal differentiation potential and stem-liked characteristics was monitored by using immunofluoresence staining and flow cytometry in monolayer and 3D culture. To investigate the irradiation sensitivity of 3D sphere culture, the fraction of colony survival and micronucleus were detected in monolayer and 3D culture. Soft agar assays were performed for measuring malignant transformation for the irradiated monolayer and 3D culture. Results The 3D cultured ASCs had higher differentiation potential and an higher stem-like cell percentage. The 3D cultures were more radioresistant after either high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ion beam or low LET X-ray irradiation compared with the monolayer cell. The ASCs’ potential of cellular transformation was lower after irradiation by soft agar assay. Conclusion These findings suggest that adipose tissue cell are relatively genomic stable and resistant to genotoxic stress.

Analysis on Circulation Evolution and Influence System of Two Rare Heavy Rainstorm Processes

Based on conventional meteorological observation data and ECWMF data, using synoptic analysis method, comparative analysis of two rare heavy rainstorms(July 28-30, 2007 and July 22-24, 2010) in Henan Province was conducted, and the evolution of circulation situation and its influence system were diagnosed. The results showed that(1) the rainstorm process in 2007 was cut-off low-vortex type gradually changing to the long-wave trough type, and the rainstorm process in 2010 was two high coexistence type.(2) Main influence systems of Henan rainstorm included subtropical high, Qinghai-Tibet high, westerly trough, vortex, shear line, high-and low-level jet and low vortex moving along the shear line.(3) The low-level southwest jet provided water vapor conditions for the occurrence of rainstorm weather. The upper westerly jet provided strong dynamic uplift conditions for the rainstorm process. The high-altitude strong divergence area on the right side of the high-altitude jet axis often corresponded to the rainstorm center.(4) The cyclonic convergence of low vortex provided a dynamic uplift mechanism in the middle layer. Cooperated with large-scale circulation field, it also provided sufficient water vapor and energy for rainstorm occurrence.(5) In the two processes, the main ground systems causing rainstorm were static front and cold front.(6) The surface mesoscale systems causing the two rainstorms were mesoscale low vortex and shear line.

Receptivity of plane Poiseuille flow to local micro-vibration disturbance on wall

The receptivity of plane Poiseuille flow to local single-period micro-vibration disturbances with different phases at the top and bottom walls was investigated through direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Results show that the disturbance presents a symmetrical distribution in the spanwise direction when the micro-vibration on the wall ends, and the initial disturbance velocities and spatial distribution of the disturbance structure are different at the top and bottom walls. The disturbance＇s velocity, amplitude, and high- and low-speed streaks increase with time, and the amplitude of streamwise disturbance velocity is larger than those of spanwise and vertical disturbance velocities. However, no significant Tollmien-Schlichting wave was found in the flow field. The number of disturbance vortex cores gradually increases with the disturbance area. High-speed disturbance fluid concentrates near the wall and its normal velocity largely points to the wall, while low-speed disturbance fluid largely deviates from the wall. Furthermore, the streamwise velocity profiles near the top and bottom walls both become plump because of the existence of the disturbances, and the streamwise velocity profiles show a trend of evolving into turbulent velocity profiles. The shear stress near the wall increases significantly. The local micro-vibration disturbance on the wall in plane Poiseuille flow can induce the development of a structure similar to turbulent spots.

针对ANDES油田的抗高温高盐二元复合驱油体系研究

ANDES油田属于高温(96℃)、高盐(71.5 g/L)油藏。在此条件下,将耐温耐盐理想的疏水缔合聚合物AP-P5与4种表面活性剂复配,发现0.3%的磺酸盐(MJ2)或大庆石油磺酸盐(DQ)与2500mg/LAP-P5形成的二元体系界面张力可以达到10^(-3)mN/m数量级。考察了温度、矿化度对这两种二元复合体系黏度的影响。结果表明,两种二元复合体系黏度随着温度、矿化度的增加而降低。在96℃、矿化度为70 g/L的条件下,3000 mg/L AP-P5+0.3%MJ2+稳定剂硫脲二元复合体系的黏度为99.4mPa·s,达到现场要求。并且该二元体系在此条件下放置两个月后,黏度趋于稳定,界面张力波动幅度不大。室内物理模拟驱油实验中,当二元复合体系注入体积为0.65 PV时,采收率增幅最大(24.5%)。前期水驱至含水85%+0.65 PV(3000 mg/L AP-P5+0.3%MJ2)+后期水驱至出口含水98%为最佳驱油方案。

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区安定组铀矿化地质地球化学特征

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区安定组沉积末期发育一套湖相泥灰岩,岩石具有高阻、高自然伽马特征。高自然伽马异常层在横向上具有良好的连续性和可追踪性,异常分布范围大,自然伽马异常主要由铀富集引起。采用显微镜观察、电子探针及地球化学分析等手段,研究了安定组泥灰岩铀矿化地质地球化学特征。结果表明:泥灰岩具有富有机质、草莓状黄铁矿等特征,有机碳含量为0.78%~13.5%,平均4.32%,ΣS含量为0.01%~3.71%,平均1.21%,均与铀含量呈明显的正相关性,是铀元素富集的重要因素。铀矿化泥灰岩主要富集V、Ni、Pb、Zn、Sr、Y、Mo、Cd、Sb、Ba、Bi、Th、U等微量元素,稀土模式曲线形态与上地壳稀土模式曲线一致,具有LREE富集、HREE亏损、强负Eu异常等特征,微量元素比值显示泥灰岩沉积于贫氧环境。安定组沉积末期,气候条件进一步转变为半干旱炎热,盆地周缘丰富的含氧含铀地表水不断进入湖盆中,在贫氧环境的沉积成岩作用过程中,使铀从水体中向泥灰岩中扩散、迁移,被有机质吸附沉淀,是泥灰岩铀富集的主要控制因素。

Petrogenesis of Quebrada de la Mina and Altar North porphyries (Cordillera of San Juan, Argentina): Crustal assimilation and metallogenic implications

We investigate the geology of Altar North(Cu-Au) and Quebrada de la Mina(Au) porphyry deposits located in San Juan Province(Argentina), close to the large Altar porphyry copper deposit(995 Mt,0.35% Cu, 0.083 g/t Au), to present constraints on the magmatic processes that occurred in the parental magma chambers of these magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Altar North deposit comprises a plagioclase-amphibole-phyric dacite intrusion(Altar North barren porphyry) and a plagioclaseamphibole-biotite-phyric dacite stock(Altar North mineralized porphyry, 11.98 ± 0.19 Ma). In Quebrada de la Mina, a plagioclase-amphibole-biotite-quartz-phyric dacite stock(QDM porphyry,11.91±0.33 Ma) crops out. High Sr/Y ratios(92-142) and amphibole compositions of Altar North barren and QDM porphyries reflect high magmatic oxidation states(fO_2= NNO+1.1 to+1.6) and high fH_2O conditions in their magmas. Zones and rims enriched in anorthite(An_(37-48))), SrO(0.22-0.33 wt.%)and FeO(0.21-0.37 wt.%) in plagioclase phenocrysts are evidences of magmatic recharge processes in the magma chambers. Altar North and Quebrada de la Mina intrusions have relatively homogeneous isotopic compositions(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr_(t)= 0.70450-0.70466, ε_(ND)(t) = +0.2 to +1.2) consistent with mixed mantle and crust contributions in their magmas. Higher Pb isotopes ratios(^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.6276-15.6294) of these intrusions compared to other porphyries of the district, reflect an increase in the assimilation of high radiogenic Pb components in the magmas. Ages of zircon xenocrysts(297,210,204,69 Ma) revealed that the magmas have experienced assimilation of Miocene, Cretaceous, Triassic and Carboniferous crustal rocks.Fluids that precipitated sulfides in the Altar deposit may have remobilized Pb from the host rocks, as indicated by the ore minerals being more radiogenic(207Pb/204 Pb = 15.6243-15.6269) than their host intrusions. Au/Cu ratio in Altar porphyries(average Au/Cu ratio of 0.14 ×10^(-4)by weight in Altar Central)is higher than in the giant Miocene porphyry deposits located to the south: Los Pelambres, Rio Blanco and Los Bronces(Chile) and Pachon(Argentina). We suggest that the increase in Au content in the porphyries of this region could be linked to the assimilation of high radiogenic Pb components in the magmas within these long-lived maturation systems.

富宁县安定铜镍矿区物化探找矿应用效果

富宁县安定铜镍矿区具有较好的成矿条件。本文介绍在该区应用物化探方法进行找矿的技术成果。通过物化探异常研究分析,进行铜镍矿找矿预测,提出了找矿靶区,取得了较好的方法技术应用效果。

Experimental study on dynamic mechanism of vortex evolution in a turbulent boundary layer of low Reynolds number

The dynamic mechanism of the vortex generation and evolution process in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer with Reθ=97-194 is experimentally investigated.In this study,a moving single-frame and long-exposure(MSFLE)imaging method and a moving particle image velocimetry/particle tracing velocimetry(M-PIV/PTV)are designed and implemented for measuring the temporal and spatial evolution of vortex cores in both qualitative and quantitative ways,respectively.On the other hand,the Liutex vector,which is a new mathematical definition and identification of the vortex core proposed by Liu’s group,is first applied in the experiment for the structural visualization and quantitative analysis of the local fluid rotation.The results show that an intuitional process of vortex evolution can be clearly observed by tracking the vortex using MSFLE and verify that the roll-up of the shear layer induced by shear instability is the origin of vortex formation in turbulence.Furthermore,a quantitative investigation in terms of the critical vortex core boundary(size)and its accurate rotation strength is carried out based on the Liutex vector field analysis by M-PIV/PTV.According to statistics of the relation between vortex core size and the rotation strength during the whole process,the physical mechanism of vortex generation and evolution in a turbulent boundary layer of low Reynolds number can be summarized as a four-dominant-state course consisting of the“synchronous linear segment(SL)-absolute enhancement segment(AE)-absolute diffusion segment(AD)-skewing dissipation segment(SD)”.

考虑高台基影响的西安安定门城楼动力特性及地震响应分析

为了准确评估西安安定门城楼的结构特性及抗震性能,采用原位动力特性测试与有限元数值模拟相结合的方法,对城楼进行考虑及不考虑高台基(瓮城东城墙)影响的动力特性及地震响应分析。首先对城楼上部木结构进行原位动力特性测试,获得其自振频率和振型;然后分别建立城楼上部木结构、高台基及整体结构(高台基+木结构)的三维有限元模型,采用模态分析方法获得了各计算模型的自振频率和振型,将上部木结构自振频率和振型的模拟结果与原位测试结果进行对比以验证模型的正确性,并进行上部木结构计算模型与整体结构计算模型动力特性的对比分析;最后分别对上部木结构和整体结构模型输入不同幅值的El Centro波、Taft波及兰州人工波三种地震激励,将两种计算模型的动力响应进行对比。结果表明:高台基对城楼5阶以上的高阶频率和结构振型影响较大,并使上部木结构的位移响应、层间位移角、加速度响应及楼层剪力均有较大程度的增大,对结构的抗震性能产生不利影响。