Analysis and calculation model of energy consumption and product yields of delayed coking units

Delayed coking is an important process consumption and light oil yield are important factors used to convert heavy oils to light products. Energy for evaluating the delayed coking process. This paper analyzes the energy consumption and product yields of delayed coking units in China. The average energy consumption shows a decreasing trend in recent years. The energy consumption of different refineries varies greatly, with the average value of the highest energy consumption approximately twice that of the lowest energy consumption. The factors affecting both energy consumption and product yields were analyzed, and correlation models of energy consumption and product yields were established using a quadratic polynomial. The model coefficients were calculated through least square regression of collected industrial data of delayed coking units. Both models showed good calculation accuracy. The average absolute error of the energy consumption model was approximately 85 MJ/t, and that of the product yield model ranged from 1 wt% to 2.3 wt%. The model prediction showed that a large annual processing capacity and high load rate will result in a reduction in energy consumption.

Design of Ultra-Low Power PMOS and NMOS for Nano Scale VLSI Circuits

CMOS devices play a major role in most of the digital design, since CMOS devices have larger density and consume less power. The integrated circuit performance mostly depends on the basic devices and its scaling methods, but in conventional CMOS devices in ultra deep submicron technology, leakage power becomes the major portion apart of dynamic power. The demerits of the conventional CMOS is less speed and, more leakage, for any digital design PDP is the figure of merit which can be used to determine energy consumed per switching event, hence we designed a NOVEL NMOS and PMOS which has superior performance than conventional PMOS and NMOS, the design and performance checked at 90 nm, 180 nm and 45 nm technology and calculate the performance values.

Controllability of Boolean control networks with multiple time delays in both states and controls

In this paper,the problem of controllability of Boolean control networks(BCNs)with multiple time delays in both states and controls is investigated.First,the controllability problem of BCNs with multiple time delays in controls is considered.For this controllability problem,a controllability matrix is constructed by defining a new product of matrices,based on which a necessary and sufficient controllability condition is obtained.Then,the controllability of BCNs with multiple time delays in states is studied by giving a necessary and sufficient condition.Subsequently,based on these results,a controllability matrix for BCNs with multiple time delays in both states and controls is proposed that provides a concise controllability condition.Finally,two examples are given to illustrate the main results.

Stability Analysis of Networked Evolutionary Games with Profile-Dependent Delays

This paper investigates the networked evolutionary games(NEGs)with profile-dependent delays,including modeling and stability analysis.Profile-dependent delay,which varies with the game profiles,slows the information transmission between participants.Firstly,the dynamics model is proposed for the profile-dependent delayed NEG,then the algebraic formulation is established using the algebraic state space approach.Secondly,the dynamic behavior of the game is discussed,involving general stability and evolutionarily stable profile analysis.Necessary and sufficient criteria are derived using the matrices,which can be easily verified by mathematical software.Finally,a numerical example is carried out to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results.

Propagation delay and power dissipation for different aspect ratio of single-walled carbon nanotube bundled TSV

Through-silicon vias （TSVs） have provided an attractive solution for three-dimensional （3D） integrated devices and circuit technologies with reduced parasitic losses and power dissipation, higher input-output （I/O） den- sity and improved system performance. This paper investigates the propagation delay and average power dissipation of single-walled carbon nanotube bundled TSVs having different via radius and height. Depending on the physical configuration, a comprehensive and accurate analytical model of CNT bundled TSV is employed to represent the via （vertical interconnect access） line of a driver-TSV-load （DTL） system. The via radius and height are used to estimate the bundle aspect ratio （AR） and the cross-sectional area. For a fixed via height, the delay and the power dissipation are reduced up to 96.2% using a SWCNT bundled TSV with AR = 300 ： 1 in comparison to AR = 6：1.

Output tracking of delayed logical control networks with multi-constraint

In this study,the output tracking of delayed logical control networks(DLCNs)with state and control constraints is further investigated.Compared with other delays,state-dependent delay updates its value depending on the current state values and a pseudo-logical function.Multiple constraints mean that state values are constrained in a nonempty set and the design of the controller is conditioned.Using the semi-tensor product of matrices,dynamical equations of DLCNs are converted into an algebraic description,and an equivalent augmented system is constructed.Based on the augmented system,the output tracking problem is transformed into a set stabilization problem.A deformation of the state transition matrix is computed,and a necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the output tracking of a DLCN with multi-constraint.This condition is easily verified by mathematical software.In addition,the admissible state-feedback controller is designed to enable the outputs of the DLCN to track the reference signal.Finally,theoretical results are illustrated by an example.

Influence of inclusions on hydrogen-induced delayed cracking in hot stamping steels

The hydrogen-induced delayed cracking(HIDC)behaviors of two types of 1500 MPa grade hot stamping steels(HSSs)have been investigated by the method of slow strain rate tensile test and hydrogen permeation,where one is manufactured by compact strip production(CSP)process which is a revolution to the traditional HSS and the other by the traditional cold rolling process.The results show that the performance of HSS produced by CSP is superior to that of the traditional HSS,due to lower hydrogen embrittlement index,lower hydrogen diffusion coefficient and lower hydrogen content.It has been found that HIDC behavior is closely associated with inclusions.The inclusions of HSS produced by CSP are mainly spherical Al-Ca-O and CaS,while the inclusions in the traditional HSS are TiN+AI2O3+MnS with sharp edges and corners.Based on these results,the influence of composition,shape and distribution of inclusions in HSS on HIDC and the mechanism of HIDC from the perspective of inclusions were analyzed and discussed.