Innovation in the Manufacturing Sector： The Case of Serbia

The paper presents the results of research on innovation activities of manufacturing firms in Serbia. In order to answer the question how innovation takes place in one transition country, key influencing factors were identify （i.e., firm＇s size, age, ownership, industry sector, personnel qualifications and experience）. Based on the analysis of a sample comprising 73 firms, the study tried to highlight certain innovation barriers, which may have a negative impact on the total efficiency of economic performance, and growth and development of manufacturing firms in Serbia. Comparing overall innovation activities of Serbian firms to the other transition countries, it can be concluded that majority of the fhnns had innovation performances below the level EU-27. This study draws out the potential contributions to existing literature of managing innovation in Serbia.

A Study on Similar Financial Models in Manufacturing Sector

In this paper, we subdivide the sample of manufacturing companies listed in two stock exchanges in China from the year 2000 to 2009 into two categories： the firms which adopted the similar financial models and those which did not. Then we use t-test and nonparametric test to explore the differences between the two sub-samples in cash management, assets and liabilities structures, assets turnover ratios, profitability, liquidity and growth rates. The results show that the former has shorter Cash Conversion Cycle （CCC）, quicker assets turnover, higher Debt Ratio （DR）, higher growth rate and thus has better profitability. In addition, the regression analysis results further demonstrate that Return on Invested Capital （ROIC） of similar-financial-model firms are positively related to Net Profit Margin （NPM） （p 〈 0.01）, and negatively to CCC （p 〈 0.01）, Interest Expense Ratio （IER） （p 〈 0.01）, the Ratio of Interest-Bearing Debt to Total Liabilities （IBDR） （p 〈 0.01） and the ratio of Net Receivables to Sales Revenue （NRSR） （p 〈 0.01）. Moreover, negative relationship between ROIC and dummy variable GROUP implies that the former has better profitability than the latter.

FDI in Hi-tech Service Sector and Hi-tech Manufacturing Increased

China’s foreign trade from January to July According to the Customs statistics,China’s total import and export in January-July reached RMB 13.21trillion,down 3%year on year.Among these,the export was RMB 7.6 trillion,down 1.6%;the import RMB 5.61trillion,down 4.8%.The surplus was RMB 1.99 trillion,up 8.7%.(In

The Regional and Industrial Effects of FDI on Chinese Manufacturing Sector

This paper investigates the regional and industrial effects of FDI on Chinese manufacturing sector since China entered WTO. We find that FDI plays a different role in the development of different areas and industries through a comparison with state-controlled industrial enterprises in China. More establishments of smaller foreign funded enterprises and less foreign capital with a high level of management should promote the competition to stimulate manufacturing growth in eastern area, while fewer establishments of foreign funded enterprises with a large capital should make a great stimulus to the western manufacturing development. Both foreign capital and the establishment of foreign industrial enterprises have a great effect on the whole manufacturing sector by industry.

Employment and Wage Effects of RMB Exchange Rate for Manufacturing Sectors in China and the US

By creating a labor market dynamic general equilibrium model, this paper derives the pass-through mechanism of exchange rate's employment and wage effects,carries out an empirical study on the employment and wage effects of RMB exchange rate for manufacturing sectors in China and the United States based on ridge regression, and examines the role of industry characteristics in this process. Research findings suggest that: RMB depreciation will drive employment and wage growth for most of China's laborintensive manufacturing sectors, and RMB appreciation will increase employment for certain capital-and technology-intensive sectors; but RMB depreciation has insignificant employment and wage effects for most sectors in the US. Hence, in achieving the longterm stability of RMB exchange rate, China should take advantage of RMB appreciation's manufacturing upgrade effect and ensure the steady growth of manufacturing employment.The US should make breakthroughs in various links of its economic development in order to tackle unemployment, instead of blaming RMB exchange rate. In addition, the nature of business activities and trade union characteristic are both significant factors that lead to differences in inter-sector employment levels of Chinese and US manufacturing sectors.Technology characteristic and other monopolistic characteristics exert decisive effects on the difference of wage return for various sectors in China and the US.

Activity Based Costing Adoption Among Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

The study examines the extent of adoption of Activity Based Costing （ABC） among naanufacturing companies in Nigeria. The primary data were sourced through questionnaires administered to the Management Accountants of 40 selected manufacturing companies in South Western part of Nigeria. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data. The study reveals that inability of the traditional cost systems to provide relevant cost was the most highly ranked reason in their decision to adopt ABC. Traditional methods of allocating overhead were therefore believed to be deficient in terms of improving global competitiveness. Also, 60% of the respondents have adopted ABC due to increased ranges of products, competition and increased overhead. Familiarity with and adoption of ABC was found to be across the manufacturing, more than half of the sample are familiar with it. The 40% of respondents who have not adopted ABC cited the cost and complexity involved with implementation as the main reason in non-adoption. However, cost of implementing ABC was enormous which hinder the small scale manufacturing from adopting it. This result may reflect the fact that larger firms are more likely to have the diverse mix of products or services that makes the use of ABC advantages. Consequently, the study recommends that the companies who have not adopted ABC because of its high cost of implementation should endeavor to consider its adoption because in the long run the benefits derive from it will outweigh its cost. It helps to identify inefficient products, departments and activities and helps to allocate more resources on profitable products. In conclusion, the senior management should also give their utmost support to the implementation and success of ABC.

Internationalization and the Creation of New Products and Processes in the Mexican Manufacturing Industry

This paper analyzes the relationship between internationalization and the generation of new products and processes, using data from 2,285 Mexican manufacturing firms during the 2008-2009 period. The purpose is to understand how the insertion in international markets, either through exporting, importing, receiving foreign direct investment, or outsourcing affects the innovative outcomes of manufacturing finns. Using logistic regressions, this paper contributes to the literature analyzing the case of a single developing country and concludes that, after controlling for the size of the firm, its innovative effort, and the market concentration of the industry where the firm is situated, exporting does not promote product or process innovations but promotes the generation of innovation for the world; being an importer does not affect the innovative outcomes of the firm; Foreign Direct Investment （FDI） also promotes innovation for the world, while outsourcing inhibits the generation of both products and innovations for the world.

An Overview of Pakistan’s Textile Sector from Operational Competitive Perspective—A Suggestive Analysis!

The basic aim of this paper is to study and analyze the current level of operational competitiveness of Pakistani Private Sector—Textile Manufacturing Enterprises. The subject research area will be probed on the basis of making cross reference comparison between the Pakistani Private Sector (PPS)—Textile Manufacturing Enterprises (TME) with the global Textile Manufacturing players in global manufacturing strategies databases. The results revealed that the “quality” is the most important competitive priority of the case PPS-TME and it also pointed towards having some competitive advantages in prospector group. However, it will take considerable amount of time for Pakistani Private Sector—Textile Manufacturing Enterprises to regain their previous global recognition and then further improve their operational competitiveness due to the weak and faulty organizational management structure and practices, currently being affected by nation’s political, economic, energy and security situation.

Opportunities of manufacture under global economic crisis： The case of Estonia

Because of the smallness of Estonia, its main source of economic growth is export, i.e. successful sales in the world market. It is necessary to shift from branches, activities and value chains where it is difficult to increase value added, to more profitable and promising ones. The present economic situation provides for this an exceptionally good chance. All kinds of development, international relocation of production and reallocation of economic power in the world are gathering speed. It is necessary to rapidly find an opportunity in the ＂declining＂ market, a profitable niche. Manufacturing entrepreneurs and executive managers have for several years already been complaining of shortage of workforce that hinders them carrying out new business plans, increasing production and exports. Increased supply of workforce dismissed from construction is an opportunity for the forced development of the manufacturing export sector and sharp increase in exports.

场景驱动中国制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升路径——双重价值链差异性嵌入视角

“双循环”新发展格局下,中国制造业在产业组织形态上既嵌入国内价值链充分依托广袤市场的多元化禀赋,同时又嵌入全球价值链参与国际分工实现动态转型升级,但关于场景驱动制造企业创新的探讨还相对少见。为此,选取中国制造业实现全球价值链攀升的微观基础——制造企业为研究对象,基于场景化要素嵌入背景,以国内价值链嵌入广度和全球价值链嵌入高度为评价指标,考察在国内和全球双重价值链差异性嵌入情境下场景驱动制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升的路径。从知识创新与扩散、产业集聚与升级、市场拓展与创造、生产性服务支撑4种因素间关系着手,通过对4个典型案例的分析发现,场景驱动制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升有4条路径:链主企业通过创造需求场景实现全球价值链高位势嵌入;链主企业通过破坏创新场景实现全球价值链颠覆性嵌入;“专精特新”企业通过迭代升级场景实现全球价值链动态化嵌入;“专精特新”企业通过跨界经营场景实现全球价值链错位性嵌入。据此,提出中国制造企业应依据自身在国内和全球双重价值链网络的嵌入广度和高度设计合理的场景驱动创新方式,推进链主企业所属制造业圈层体系根植共生,同时政府及相关管理机构应当更为深入推进产业链、价值链、供应链的数字化建设。

Power of the Private Sector

Li Peixue,Chairman of 3D Focus Net-work Technology Co.,Ltd.,was quite satisfied with his company's devel- opment in 2018.Its 3D intelligent manufacturing cloud service platform has become one of the biggest 3D-printing service websites of the country.With nearly 2,000 3D printing companies,more than 120,000 app companies and over 3 million individual members registered on the platform,Li's company covers more than 95 percent of 3D printing clients nationwide.

虚拟集聚能够促进制造业绿色高质量发展吗?

虚拟集聚是新一代信息技术与实体经济深度融合的空间组织新形态,是实现制造业绿色高质量发展的新路径。文章基于2012—2022年我国30个省域面板数据,构建制造业绿色高质量发展和虚拟集聚指标体系,实证检验虚拟集聚对制造业绿色高质量发展的影响。研究发现:虚拟集聚能够有效促进制造业绿色高质量发展;虚拟集聚对制造业绿色高质量发展的影响存在区域、子维度和虚拟集聚水平异质性;虚拟集聚对制造业绿色高质量发展的影响存在负向空间溢出效应。研究结论为促进制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展提供了有益的政策启示。

要素投入视角下制造业双循环畅通与创新效率提升

高质量要素投入及其优化配置是制造业创新效率提升的重要微观基础。新发展格局下,制造业双循环畅通不仅有助于提升人力资本水平和利用外资质量,夯实要素投入基础,而且有助于优化资源配置,提升创新效率。基于2009—2022年我国制造业行业面板数据,测度制造业双循环水平和创新效率,分析二者之间的关系。研究发现,国内国际双循环畅通及其相互促进,能够显著推动我国制造业创新效率提升,且该结论在进行稳健性和内生性检验后依然成立。中介效应检验结果显示,利用外资质量、人力资本水平、资源配置效率在制造业双循环对创新效率的影响中发挥中介作用,即制造业双循环畅通能够通过提高利用外资质量、人力资本水平、资源配置效率推动创新效率提升。异质性分析结果显示,制造业双循环畅通对创新效率的提升效果因行业技术水平和市场规模不同而存在差异,相比于低技术行业和小规模行业,制造业双循环畅通对高技术行业和大规模行业创新效率的提升作用更显著。调节效应检验结果显示,行业竞争程度在制造业双循环畅通推动创新效率提升过程中发挥调节作用,即竞争程度越高,制造业双循环畅通越有助于创新效率提升。为夯实制造业创新的微观要素基础,推动我国制造业创新效率提升,一要加快构建双循环新发展格局;二要降低地区间行政边界效应;三要进一步完善外资准入制度,从让渡本土市场向开放本土市场转型;四要充分发挥高技术行业、大规模行业、高竞争行业示范引领作用。

江苏省制造业劳动力吸纳能力研究--基于用地权属和行业特征视角

制造业是实体经济的重要基础,也是我国拉动劳动力就业的主力军。为了缓解江苏省现今面临的劳动力就业问题,实现制造业的健康有序发展,以江苏省31.7万家制造业企业为样本,计算了江苏省各地级市、区县和不同行业的制造业地均从业人员数,分析制造业企业劳动力吸纳能力的空间分布特征、地域差异及行业差异,并运用多元线性回归模型探究用地权属特征、行业特征以及其他影响因素变量对制造业企业劳动力吸纳能力的影响。研究表明:1)江苏省制造业企业劳动力吸纳能力显著,国有用地权属的制造业企业吸纳劳动力能力明显高于集体用地权属的企业;江苏省制造业劳动力吸纳能力在空间上存在较大差异,国有权属和集体权属用地的企业劳动力吸纳能力总体上均呈现由南向北递减的态势,苏南地区的制造业劳动力吸纳能力高于苏中、苏北地区。2)高新技术和战略新兴产业的制造业企业吸纳劳动力的能力远高于全省平均水平,具有较大的优势。3)国有用地权属和高新技术、战略新兴产业的企业对劳动力吸纳能力均有显著正向影响,上缴税费、销售收入和容积率也有显著促进作用,区域经济发展水平具有一定的影响力。因此,建议优化制造业企业的布局,更好地发挥各地资源优势,吸纳劳动力就业,促进劳动力、资金、技术等要素在地区间合理配置;发挥国有用地权属的企业、高新技术企业及战略新兴产业企业的带动作用,缩小全省制造业吸纳就业水平的差距;坚持以创新发展战略作为战略支持,助力制造业实体经济发展。

中国服务业开放对制造业性别工资差距的影响——基于中国工业企业数据库的实证研究

基于服务业与制造业两业融合的视角,文章从服务业开放的角度实证检验了中国服务业开放对制造业性别工资差距的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:中国的服务业开放会通过成本机制、全要素生产率机制和出口机制三条路径,显著缩小制造业企业中存在的性别工资差距。在实证分析的基础上,国家层面应继续扩大服务业开放程度,促进制造业行业内和不同地区均衡发展,并从企业成本和生产率入手继续缩小性别工资差距。

黑龙江省制造业碳减排影响因素及对策研究

黑龙江省作为我国东北老工业基地,在推动我国工业化与城市化发展进程中作出了重要贡献,是新中国的制造业摇篮。然而,随着全球气候变化面临的严峻挑战和可持续发展理念的深入人心,传统制造业高能耗、高排放的发展模式已难以为继。因此,推动制造业低碳发展,实现绿色转型,已成为黑龙江省乃至全国工业化发展的必然趋势。制造业相较其他产业,能源消耗量较大,碳排放量较高,已成为实现黑龙江省低碳经济发展的关键。文章基于黑龙江省制造业碳排放现状,通过对已有文献进行梳理,对影响黑龙江省制造业碳减排的关键影响因素进行归纳,结合专家打分,运用AHP层次分析法对碳排放政策、产业结构、企业规模及数量、能源结构、技术创新、环境保护意识六个影响因素的权重进行判断。文章从积极搭建技术创新平台、调整能源结构、优化产业结构、提高低碳环保意识等方面提出有针对性的对策及建议,仅供参考。

Productivity and Export Performance: Micro-Level Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria

This paper investigates how productivity influences firms' exports.Various finn characteristics are employed to test the self-selection hypothesis alongside the effects of firms' productivity on their share of exports in total sales.Using a pseudo-panel data set constructed from the firm-level data for the manufacturing sector in Nigeria,we find no evidence that higher productivity influences the decision on whether or not a firm would participate in exports.However,it is established that higher productivity increases the share of exports in total sales of firms that are already participating in foreign markets.A policy implication of our result is that Nigeria can realize a larger share of manufactured exports in total merchandise exports by directing efforts towards improving primarily the productivity of firms that are already involved in exports.

Driving High-Quality Development in the Manufacturing Sector

As the foundation of national strength, the manufacturing industry fundamentally determines a country’s overall robustness and international competitiveness. The key to achieving China’s shift from being a major manufacturing country to a global manufacturing powerhouse lies in promoting high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.

Energy rebound effect in China's manufacturing sector:Fresh evidence fromfirm-level data

The rebound effect refers to the phenomenon that individuals tend to consume more energy in the face of energy efficiency improvement,which reduces the expected energy-saving effect.Previous empirical studies on the rebound effect of regions and sectors do not provide microscopic evidence.To fill this gap,we use China's firmlevel data to estimate the rebound effect in China's manufacturing subsectors,providing a detailed picture of China's rebound effect across different sectors and different regions in 2001-2008.Results show that a partial rebound effect robustly appears in all industries,and the disparity between sectors is quite broad,ranging from 43.2%to 96.8%.As for the dynamic rebound effect of subsectors,most subsectors present an upward trend,whereas few subsectors show a clear downward trend.As a whole,the declined trend of the rebound effect is driven by the descent of minority sectors with high energy consumption and high energy-saving potential.In addition,we find that the disparity of the rebound effect across sectors is more significant than that across regions.

The effects of financial liberalization on productivity:Evidence from India’s manufacturing sector

Using a panel of India’s registered manufacturing firms and both economy-wide and firm-level financial data,we investigate the effects of India’s financial liberalization on the productivity of its manufacturing sector in the 1990s and 2000s.Our dynamic panel analysis shows that the series of financial liberalization policies/measures,at both the macro and micro levels,significantly enhanced the productivity of the manufacturing sector.Total factor productivity increased for all firms,including those owned by the state government,with greater gains for the firms in the private and foreign sectors.Our results suggest that policies favoring financial liberalization should be pursued further in order for India to foster higher economic growth.