Effect of solution plus aging heat treatment on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of near-β titanium alloy

The microstructural evolution, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of a Ti.5Al.5Mo.5V.3Cr.1Zr (Ti-55531) alloy after solution (760.820℃) plus aging (580.640℃) treatments were investigated. The results show that the volume fraction of the primary α(αp) phase decreases with the increase of solution temperature, and the length of the secondary α phase (αs) decreases while its width increases with the increase of aging temperature. Yield and tensile strengths decrease with the increase of solution temperature, while increase with the increase of aging temperature. A good balance of tensile strength and ductility of the alloy is obtained under solution of 800℃ for 2 h plus aging of 640℃ for 8 h, in which the tensile strength is 1434 MPa and the elongation is 7.7%. The coarsening αs phase makes crack propagation paths deflected and tortuous, which increases the crack propagation resistance and improves the ductility and fracture toughness.

Research on the Solid Solution Behavior of Titanium Inclusion for the High Strength Tire Cord Steel

In order to improve the quality of the cord steel wire rod and achieve the effective control of titanium inclusion, the solid solution behavior of titanium inclusion in tire cord steel during the heating process was discussed in this paper, through the thermodynamic theory analysis, combined with the CLSM experiment. The conclusions are as follows: 1) According to the law of Ostwald repening, the coarsening rate of titanium carbonitride inclusion is very small, the coarsening behavior of titanium carbonitride inclusion cannot be considered in the heating and holding stage. 2) The solid solution behavior of titanium inclusion in the heating process is obviously existed. 3) Through the proper control of rolling temperature, holding time and the subsequent cooling rate, the size and quantity of large particle titanium inclusion in the high strength tire cord steel can be effectively controlled.

Effect of Heating Temperature on the Grain Size and Titanium Solid-Solution of Titanium Microalloyed Steels

Through studying on the heating process of titanium microalloyed steels, the influence of heating temperature on the austenite grain size and the solid dissolution, precipitation law of Ti microalloying element were analyzed, and the results showed that, the austenite grain size increased with the increase of heating temperature, When the heating temperature reached 1050°C and 1250°C, the austenite grains appeared the obvious coarsening process twice. TiC particles dissolved gradually as the heating temperature increased. When the heating temperature rose to 1100°C, TiC particles disappeared basically, When the heating temperature rose to 1250°C, TiN particles began to be dissolved and grow up.

Preparation of V-doped TiO_2 Photocatalysts by the Solution Combustion Method and Their Visible Light Photocatalysis Activities

A series of nanocrystalline V-doped （0.0-3.0 at.%） TiO2 catalysts have been successfully prepared by the one-step solution combustion method using urea as a fuel. The obtained powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman, XPS and UV-Vis DRS. The effects of V doping concentration on the phase structure and photocatalytic properties were investigated. XRD, Raman, and XPS show that V doping diffuses into TiO2 crystal lattice mainly in the form of V5＋ and causes a phase transition from anatase to mille. V doping can widen the light absorption range of TiO2, with the absorption threshold wavelength shifting from 425 to 625 nm. The photocatalytic activity of V-doped TiO2 powders were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange （MO） under visible light irradiation. It is found that V doping enhances the photoeatalyilc activity under visible light irradiation and the optimal degradation rate of MO is about 95.8% with 1.0 at% V-doped TiO2.

Oxygen Permeation Behaviors and Hardening Effect of Titanium Alloys at High Temperature

In order to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of Ti and Ti alloy components, an oxygen permeation treatment (OPT) was developed. The oxygen permeation behaviors of three Ti alloys, TA2, TB5 and TC11, treated in air with O-P medium at high temperature have been studied. The results show that the 0-P treatment can significantly improve the surface hardness of Ti alloys. The oxidation mass-gain of β-Ti alloy (TB5) is much higher than α-Ti alloy (TA2) under the same condition, while α+β Ti alloy (TC11) is the lowest. All the Ti alloys treated at this condition produce two surface layers: the outer layer consists mainly of TiO2, as well as trace of other oxides, and the inner layer consists of a Ti-O interstitial solid solution formed by the diffusion of oxygen in α crystal lattice. Thick scales of β Ti alloy (TB5) are easily formed depending mainly on the poor solid solution content of oxygen, while deep solution layer can be formed since partial β phase has been transformed into α phase. The scales of α-β Ti alloy (TC11) are very thin and compact. Aluminum-rich zone, as well as deficient zone, is found in oxide layers. A crystallographic characterization of oxygen solution layer has been performed and evaluated by crystallographic lattice constant.

INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE MORPHOLOGY, STRUCTURE AND ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES FOR O_2 EVOLUTION OF TITANIUM BASED IrO_2+Ta_2O_5 COATINGS

Titanium based IrO2 +Ta2O5 oxide anodes with different compositions and pyrolysis temperatures were prepared by termodecompoisition method. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the structure and texture coefficient of the coatings, TC(hkl), of IrO2 rutile crystal have been tested. It showed that, the crystallization processes of IrO2 and Ta2O5 in xIrO2 +(100-x) Ta2 O5 (x is in mol%) films affected and confined each other.In the mixed system, IrO2 rutile phase existed as a solid solution with Ta, and attained the maximum solubility when x=70mol%, i.e. for the coating of 70% IrO2 +Ta2O5.For the coatings of low iridium content or at low preparing tem pemture, (110) and (101) pwtered orientations were dominant. However, preferred growth of IrO2 weakened with increasing either iridium content or temperature. Three typical surface morphologies were observed by using scanning electron tnicroscopy(SEM). The crystallite size of the mixed oxide coatings were finest for the the film of 70%IrO2 +30%Ta2O5,and decreased with the pyrolysis tempemture. As the results of the finest crystallite segregating on sudece and the maxitnum solid solubility of Ir and Ta component in deposits, the coatings with the composition of 70%IrO2 +Ta2O5 prepared at 450℃ presented the mdrimutn electrocatalgtic activitg for O2 evolution in 0. 5M H2SO4 solution.UP to 550℃, Ti base suffered to oxidation resulting in decreasing anode conductivity,therefore, coatings performed a low activity.

LOCALISED DEPASSIVATION OF TITANIUM IN VITRO

Highly localized and minute depassivation events are recorded using 50μm diametertitanium microelectrode in Ringer's physiological solution. These transient events are believed to be due to microscopic breakdown of passivity and occur well below the pitting potential of the metal. A mechanism is proposed to explain the observed phenomenon.Possible implications on passivity and the application of metallic biomaterials in vivo are also discussed.

Effects of shot peening and laser remelting on oxygen-permeation treatment of titanium alloy

The influence of surface pre-treatments, shot-peening (SP) and laser remelting (LR), on oxygen permeation behaviors of titanium alloy TC11 was investigated. Optical microscope, SEM with EDAX, XRD, and microhardness tester were employed to characterize the microstructure, composition and hardness of this alloy. The results show that the surface roughness is increased by shot-peening, and the microstructure with fine-grain can be obtained by LR pre-treatment. The pre-treated samples were oxygen-permeated at (810± 10) ℃ for 10 h in atmospheric air. The outer layer consists essentially of TiO2, trace Ti2 N, Ti3Al and Ti3AlN for the SP pre-treatment and thin oxygen solution layer is found in the subsurface layer. As for LR pre-treatment, the outer layer consists mainly of TiO2 and small amounts of TiO, and the inner layer consists of alpha crystals, rich in interstitial atoms. Samples by LR pre-treatment has thicker hardened layer with higher hardness values in comparison with SP pre-treated ones.The boost diffusion of oxygen and hardening mechanisms were discussed based on the experimental results.

热处理技术对3D打印钛合金试件机械性能的影响

背景:近年来,增材制造(又称3D打印)逐渐成为制作可摘局部义齿钛合金支架的主流方式。热处理作为改善3D打印钛合金支架机械性能的重要方法而成为目前的关注热点。目的:总结目前应用于3D打印钛合金试件的主要热处理技术(包括退火处理、固溶时效处理、热等静压处理及其他热处理)以及这些热处理技术对3D打印钛合金试件机械性能、微观结构的影响,为改进可摘局部义齿钛合金支架的热处理技术提供理论依据。方法:采用计算机检索中国知网、PubMed和ScienceDirect数据库中有关3D打印钛合金热处理试件的文献资料,检索时限为2012-2023年,根据纳入和排除标准,最终选取61篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①使用常规退火技术处理3D打印钛合金试件,使其在500-900℃下保持2-4 h,能有效增加3D打印钛合金试件的延伸率。②固溶时效处理相较于常规退火技术更复杂,固溶时效处理后的钛合金试件在屈服强度方面表现突出,并且有更好的耐腐蚀性;但固溶时效处理后的3D打印钛合金试件在延伸性方面没有优势。③热等静压处理可以减少3D打印钛合金试件的内部缺陷,可明显增加3D打印钛合金试件延伸率,并增加其疲劳寿命。④快速热处理可以明显提高3D打印钛合金试件的延伸率,并且速度更快,在延伸率提升和热处理效率方面,比以往常规的退火更具优势。⑤循环热处理对3D打印钛合金试件延伸率的提升超过了常规退火,循环热处理可明显改善3D打印钛合金试件的晶粒结构,但热处理时间过长,效率较低。

轧制变形量及固溶热处理对TB3钛合金棒材粗大晶组织的影响

对原始锻造组织为粗大晶组织的TB3钛合金棒材进行了热处理实验,研究了经不同变形量轧制及固溶热处理后该钛合金棒材的组织演变规律,并提出了有效改善钛合金棒材组织均匀性的方法。结果表明,TB3钛合金棒材在轧制过程中,纵向粗大晶组织呈条带状分布;变形量越大,粗大晶组织在纵向上更加细长。锻造后,当产生的粗大晶晶粒尺寸小于200μm且轧制变形量达到95%时,固溶热处理后可以消除粗大晶现象。

Ti基Ru-Ir-Ti电极在稀氯化钠溶液中的电解失效行为

金属钛电极具有高催化活性、高耐久性能、易加工生产等优点,可应用于氯碱工业、饮用水消毒、循环冷却水处理等方面,在许多领域拥有广阔的发展前景。然而,其失效机理大多在硫酸溶液中进行,不能真实反映电极在氯化钠环境下工作的实际状况。鉴于此,本工作采用电化学与表面物理方法对Ru-Ir-Ti电极在稀氯化钠溶液中的加速电解过程进行了研究。对加速电解不同阶段的研究表明:电极的失效是一个渐变过程,电解前期,涂层表面钌的溶解速率较快,之后电极呈现均匀腐蚀,活性物质Ru、Ir逐渐减少。涂层在表面和内部的电解消耗导致涂层疏松、结构被破坏,当活性物质减少到临界点时,起导电性的电催化活性物质缺失,反应进行缓慢,槽电压升高,这是电极失效的主要原因,研究过程尚未发现电极基底发生钝化现象。同时研究表明,电解产生的次氯酸钠不会对电极性能造成影响。

Precipitation and Solid Solution of Titanium Carbonitride Inclusions in Hypereutectoid Tire Cord Steel

The properties of titanium carbonitride Ti（CxN1-x） inclusions precipitated during solidification of tire cord steels and the thermodynamic conditions for their decomposition and solid solution during billet heating were investigated using a thermodynamics method. The solid solution of Ti（CxN1-x） inclusions during high-temperature heating was also studied experimentally. The results revealed that： （1） the higher the content of carbon in the tire cord steel is, the greater the value of .r in the Ti（CxN1-x） inclusions is; （2） the higher the content of carbon in the tire cord steel is, the earlier the Ti（CxN1-x） inclusions precipitated during the solidification process and the lower the solidification front temperature is during precipitation; （3） when an 82A steel sample was heated to 1087℃, the Ti（CxN1-x） inclusions possess the thermodynamic conditions of decomposition and solid solution; and （4） when 82A samples were heated to 1150 and 1 250℃, the total number of Ti（CxN1-x） inclusions larger than 5μm in diameter decreased by 55.0% and 70.3%, respectively. In addition, although smaller inclusions with diameter less than 2 μm continued to decompose when the sample was heated at 1 250℃ for 2 h and then cooled to 1000℃ in the furnace, the number of inclusions larger than 5 μm in diameter increased.

固溶温度对Ti6321钛合金组织及显微硬度的影响

本文对Ti6321板材进行固溶处理,并对固溶处理后的组织进行显微硬度测试。研究了固溶温度对组织形貌及相含量的影响,分析了显微组织与显微硬度的关系。结果表明,随固溶温度升高初生α相含量明显下降,Ti6321钛合金热轧板材的显微组织发生由等轴组织到双态组织,再到魏氏组织的转变;未热处理的Ti6321钛合金显微维氏硬度为317.2HV,随固溶温度升高,显微维氏硬度先增大随后基本保持不变,在固溶温度为900℃时显微维氏硬度达到最大值338.6HV。

Synthesis of brookite-typed titania from titanium chloride solution

The brookite-phase TiO{in2} was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis of titanium chloride solution. The thermolysis time and the pH value of the solution were controlled during the synthesis. X-ray diffraction experiments showed that TiO{in2} powders partially containing the brookite-phase were successfully obtained. A great amount of OH{su\t-} in the reaction solution was found to be important to obtain the brookite phase because the intermediate complex leading to the brookite phase consumes more OH{su\t-} than other phases like the rutile.

Cu箔缓冲层对SiO_(2)/TC4接头组织性能的影响

针对SiO_(2)石英玻璃/TC4钛合金钎焊接头易脆裂难题,以Cu箔为缓冲层,采用AgCuTi活性钎料对石英玻璃/TC4钛合金进行真空钎焊。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪以及X射线衍射仪、力学试验机分析Cu缓冲层及不同钎焊工艺对SiO_(2)/TC4接头组织结构及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,在合适的钎焊温度下,Cu箔缓冲层的加入一方面在SiO_(2)/AgCuTi界面处形成了合适厚度的TiSi_(2)+Ti_(4)O_(7)/Cu_(2)Ti_(4)O双层结构,另一方面在焊缝中形成大量韧性较好的Cu固溶体,这些固溶体在钎焊冷却过程中通过钎缝自身的蠕变和屈服吸收接头中的残余应力,减少接头残余应力,提高了钎焊接头的力学性能。当钎焊温度为900℃、保温时间10 min时,SiO_(2)/TC4钎焊接头抗剪强度最高,达到38 MPa。Cu箔缓冲层的加入显著改善了SiO_(2)石英玻璃/TC4钎焊接头的力学性能。

电弧增材制造TC4微观组织调控及力学性能研究

目的 研究固溶时效处理对电弧增材制造TC4钛合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。方法 设置了1组时效处理(AT,600℃/2 h/空冷)和2组固溶+时效处理(SA1,800℃/1 h/炉冷+600℃/2 h/空冷;SA2,870℃/1 h/炉冷+600℃/2 h/空冷)策略,对电弧增材制造TC4钛合金进行了热处理试验。通过扫描电镜(SEM)进行微观组织形貌和断口形貌观察,通过拉伸试验机进行室温力学性能测试。结果 沉积态试样的微观组织均匀性较差,主要由马氏体α’相、网篮组织、不连续的晶界α相(α Grain Boundary,αGB)和集束组织构成。AT并未完全消除马氏体α’相,但提高了其延展性。经固溶+时效处理后,马氏体α’相消失,晶粒内部主要由网篮组织和αGB组成。平均抗拉强度由沉积态的999.67 MPa降低到SA2的936.46 MPa,而平均延伸率从6.23%提高到12.48%,且SA2样品显示出更低的力学性能各向异性。其中沉积态试样抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的各向异性值(IPA)分别为4.82、0.96和28.7。SA2试样抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的IPA分别为0.3、0.42和5.56。结论 固溶时效处理有助于提高电弧增材制造TC4钛合金微观组织均匀性,并显著降低力学性能的各向异性。

一步法制备镁离子掺杂铌酸钛负极材料及锂电性能研究

锂离子电池是目前市场上应用最广泛的电池。负极材料的选择与使用对锂离子电池的整体性能有着极大的影响。铌酸钛(TiNb_(2)O_(7))负极材料不但在循环稳定性和使用寿命方面有着极大的优势,还有着较高的理论比容量和1.6 V左右的工作电压,避免了SEI膜的形成,从而保障了锂离子电池使用的安全性、电池容量和循环性能。但是铌酸钛负极材料有着导电性差的缺陷,需要有效改善其导电性。本工作通过简单的一步法将金属离子原位体相掺杂来解决这个问题,使用钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)和氯化铌(NbCl_(5))作为铌酸钛前驱体,可溶性镁盐作为镁离子前驱体,结合简单的一步共沉淀法合成铌酸钛(TiNb_(2)O_(7)),并通过控制镁金属离子浓度来调节铌酸钛作为负极材料的电化学性能。

不同形态二氧化钛对二醋酸纤维素浆液黄度及流变性能的影响研究

文章对比研究了添加有两种不同形态的二氧化钛的二醋酸纤维素丙酮溶液(浆液)的黄度和流变性,其中一种是浓度为60%的二氧化钛水分散液(市场调研的液体成品),另一种为纯固体二氧化钛。结果表明,在二氧化钛添加量相同的条件下,添加有液体二氧化钛浆液的YIE值和B值小于添加有固体二氧化钛浆液和现场浆液的YIE值和B值;液体二氧化钛改善浆液黄度的效果优于固体二氧化钛的效果。两个样品的浆液都属于剪切变稀的非牛顿流体,添加有液体二氧化钛的浆液的结构粘度指数小于添加有固体二氧化钛浆液的结构粘度指数;添加有液态二氧化钛浆液的动态流变曲线较添加固体二氧化钛浆液的动态流变曲线光滑;添加有液体二氧化钛的二醋酸纤维素丙酮溶液的流变性优于添加有固体二氧化钛的二醋酸纤维素丙酮溶液;依据GB 15193.3-2014《食品安全国家标准急性经口毒性试验》对本次调研的液态二氧化钛进行毒性测试,测试结果为LD_(50)>10000 mg/kg。

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金环保型阳极氧化及封闭处理研究

选用Ti-6Al-4V钛合金作为基体在环保型电解液中制备阳极氧化膜,然后分别浸没在沸水、氟锆酸铵溶液、乙酸钙溶液中对阳极氧化膜进行封闭处理。采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征和分析未封闭及封闭处理后阳极氧化膜的微观形貌、化学成分与物相结构,并配制酸性氯化钠溶液作为腐蚀介质,研究未封闭及封闭处理后阳极氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:与未封闭阳极氧化膜相比,在沸水、氟锆酸铵溶液、乙酸钙溶液中封闭处理后阳极氧化膜中微孔数量减少,化学成分发生变化,耐腐蚀性能进一步提高,但封闭处理未影响阳极氧化膜的物相结构。在乙酸钙溶液中封闭过程中发生化学反应,生成水合二氧化钛、氢氧化钛、氢氧化钙和钛酸钙等多种产物,达到协同封闭效果,赋予封闭处理后阳极氧化膜良好的表面致密性,其耐腐蚀性能好于在沸水、氟锆酸铵溶液中封闭处理后阳极氧化膜,对钛合金的防护作用更强。

形变热处理对TC9钛合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

研究了锻造变形量、固溶时效温度等对TC9钛合金锻棒组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:锻造变形能细化TC9钛合金的β晶粒尺寸、弱化或抑制α微织构的形成,并消除连续的晶界α相;随着锻造变形量从67%增加至92%,原始β晶粒和α微织构平均尺寸分别从420和80μm降低至280和20μm;随固溶温度的升高,板条α相球化成短棒状、等轴α相,随后转变为β相,α相含量逐渐减少和尺寸逐渐减小,β相则表现出相反趋势;随时效温度的升高,板条α相球化的同时β基体上析出针状次生α相。固溶时效处理后,由于板条α相再结晶及β基体上纳米级次生α相弥散析出,合金的屈服强度得到显著提升。