Synthesis and application of a hydrophobic hypercrosslinked polymeric resin for removing VOCs from humid gas stream

A hydrophobic hypercrosslinked polymeric resin LC-1 was prepared and characterized. The properties of LC-1 resin were compared with those of a commercial hypercrosstinked polymer NDA-201 resin. In addition, the dynamic adsorption of trichloroethylene （TCE） onto LC-1 under dry and humid conditions at 303 K was investigated, the result shows that LC-1 possesses high hydrophobic property and can remove TCE from gas stream without effect of high humidity efficiently.

BINARY COMPETITIVE AND COOPERATIVE ADSORPTION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ON POLYMERIC RESINS

The adsorption behaviors of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and aniline on a conventional macroporous resin Amberlite XAD4 and the other two newly-developed hypercrosslinked resins NDA101 and NDAI00 were investigated in a single or binary batch system at 293 K and 313 K, respectively. All the adsorption isotherms of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and aniline on the test resins in both systems can fit well with the Langmuir equation, indicating that the adsorption is a favorable process. At the identical equilibrium concentration, the amount of aniline adsorbed on polymeric resins in the single system is higher than that in the binary system because of the competitive adsorption between 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and aniline on the resin surface. However, the uptake amount of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid in the binary system is markedly larger than that in the single system, which is presumably due to the cooperative effect arisen from the electrostatic interaction between 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and aniline adsorbed on the resin surface. The simultaneous adsorption system was proven to be helpful for the selective adsorption toward 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid due to its larger selective index.

Batch Studies for Sorption of Ga(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ions onto Synthetic Polymeric Resins

Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-dimethyl amino ethylmethacrylate), p(AM-AA-DMAEM) and Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid)-ethylene diamine tetracetic acid disodium, p(AM-AA)-EDTANa2 were prepared by gamma radiation-induced template polymerization technique. The prepared polymeric materials were used for the sorption of Ga(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) in aqueous solution. The effect of pH, weight of resins, metal ion concentrations and contact time on the sorption of these metal ions were studied.

THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF ADSORPTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY A WATER-COMPATIBLE HYPERCROSSLINKED POLYMERIC ADSORBENT

Equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and p- nitrophenol from aqueous solutions by a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NJ-8) within temperature range of 283-323 K were obtained and correlated with a Freundlich-type of isotherm equation, so that equilibrium constants KF and n were obtained. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all the four phenolic compounds on the NJ-8 from aqueous solutions are around 2 times as high as those of Amberlite XAD-4, which may be attributed to the unusual micropore structure and the partial polarity on the network. The values of the enthalpy (always negative) are indicative of an exothermic process, which manifests the adsorption of all the four phenolic compounds on the two polymeric adsorbents to be a process of physical adsorption. The negative values of free energy change show that the solute is more concentrated on the adsorbent than in the bulk solution. The absolute free energy values of adsorption for NJ-8 are always higher than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which indicates that phenolic compounds are preferentially adsorbed on NJ-8. The negative values of the adsorption entropy are consistent with the restricted mobilities of adsorbed molecules of phenolic compounds as compared with the molecules in solution. The adsorption entropy values of phenolic compounds for NJ-8 are lower than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which means the micropores of NJ-8 require more orderly arranged adsorbate.

Structural characteristics and properties of polyurethane modified TDE-85/MeTHPA epoxy resin with interpenetrating polymer networks

Diglycidyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate(TDE-85)/methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) epoxy resin was modified with polyurethane(PU) and the interpenetrating polymer networks(IPNs) of PU-modified TDE-85/MeTHPA resin were prepared. The structural characteristics and properties of PU-modified TDE-85/MeTHPA resin were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrum,emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and thermogravimetry(TG). The results indicate that epoxy polymer network (Ⅰ) and polyurethane polymer network (Ⅱ) of the modified resin can be obtained and the networks (Ⅰ) and (Ⅱ) interpenetrate and tangle highly each other at the phase interface. The micro morphology presents heterogeneous structure. The integrative properties of PU-modified TDE-85/MeTHPA epoxy resin are improved obviously. The PU-modified TDE-85/ MeTHPA resin's tensile strength reaches 69.39 MPa,the impact strength reaches 23.56 kJ/m,the temperature for the system to lose 1% mass (t1%) is 300 ℃,and that for the system to lose 50% mass (t50%) is 378 ℃. Compared with those of TDE-85/MeTHPA resin,the tensile strength,impact strength,t1% and t50% of the PU-modified resin increases by 48%,115%,30 ℃,11 ℃,respectively. The PU-modified TDE-85/MeTHPA resin has the structure characteristics and properties of interpenetrating polymer networks.

Polymerization of Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin with Polyethylene glycol

The catalyst boron trifluoride etherate was used to catalyze the reaction of epoxy resin with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the effect of the concentration of the catalyst on the reaction is studied. It is shown that there exist two competitive reactions : I, self polymerization of epoxy resin via chain growth and II, copolymerization of epoxy resin with PEG via step growth. At high concentration of the catalyst reaction I dominates and reaction II is negligible. On the contrary, at low concentration of the catalyst, reaction II dominates and block copolymers are formed In the intermediate case, the two reactions are comparable with the result that a gel structure is obtained.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane and Epoxy Resin Interpenetrating Polymer Network

A series of Polyurethane (PU)/bisphenol A based Epoxy Resin(EP) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks(IPN) were synthesized and characterized by SEM, DSC, TGA and DMTA. It was found that IPN shows the best compatibility and damping properties when the ratio of PU/EP is 80 to 20. The results show that chain-extender and higher molecular weight of PPG are able to improve the properties of compatibility, damping and thermal properties.

SYNTHESES AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF POLYMER RESINS CONTAINING BENZIDINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES

Three chelating resins were prepared by reacting poly (beta-chloroethyl glycidyl ether) with benzidine, o-tolidine and o-dianisidine respectively, and their structures were confirmed by IR spectra and elementary analyses. The adsorption properties of the resins for Au(III), pd(II), Pt(IV), Hg(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) were also investigated. The results show that the resin incorporating o-dianisidine exhibits high affinity for Au(III) within a broad range of hydrochloric acid, and selectively sorbs Au(III) in the coexistance of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Mg(II). Desorption of Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) sorbed proceeded quantitatively using 0.1 mol/l hydrochloric acid containing 2%-10% thiourea as desorbents.

PREPARATION OF MICROGEL-EPOXY RESIN TWO-PHASE POLYMERS BY IN SITU POLYMERIZATION~*

Microgel-epoxy resin two-phase polymers were prepared by in situ copolymerization of ethylenic monomers with unsaturated polyesters. The choice of monomers and the effect of monomer concentration on microgel particle size were discussed. Agglomeration of particles played a significant role in the early stage of polymerization. The microgel dispersion in epoxy resin was stable after the finish of polymerization. Upon curing the particles remained well dispersed.

Two Organic Phase Suspension Polymerization for Novel Hypercrosslinked Resin Bead by Polycondensation of CMB

The suspension polymerization with two organic phases was adopted to prepare spherical hyper- crosslinked resin by self-polycondensation of 4,4＇-bis-（chloromethyl）- 1, 1＇-biphenyl （CMB）. The chemical structure,morphology and pore characteristics of the novel spherical resin were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, micrograph and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）. It is found that the suspension system and stirring speed impose a great influence upon the regularity and size distribution of hypercrosslinked beads. To prepare CMB resin beads with diameter of about 300 μm, the optimal condition is as follows： stirring speed 300 r·min^-1, and the volume ratio of the two organic phases （nitrobenzene/dimethyl silicon oil） 1 ： 5. After the self-polycondensation and sqccedent post-crosslinking of CMB monomer, the spherical adsorbent presents high spec^al surface area （1190 m^2· g^-1） and abundant pore^volume （0.714 cm^3· g^-1）, and could be potentially applied qn the adsorption of various organic molecules and synthesis of porous ion exchanger.

STUDY ON POLYMERIZATION OF OILLESS ALKYD RESIN WITH PHENYLTRIETHOXYSILANE

Oilless alkyd resin modified with the silicoorganic compounds has been obtained successfully by polymerization.At appropriate proportion of silicoorganic compounds,the polymerized product has higher hardness and lustre than that of oilless alkyd resin.

Durability Testing of Composite Aerospace Materials Based on a New Polymer Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

In this study,the durability of a new polymer carbonfiber-reinforced epoxy resin used to produce composite material in the aerospacefield is investigated through analysis of the corrosion phenomena occurring at the microscopic scale,and the related infrared spectra and thermal properties.It is found that light and heat can con-tribute to the aging process.In particular,the longitudinal tensile strength displays a non-monotonic trend,i.e.,itfirst increases and then decreases over time.By contrast,the longitudinal compressive and inter-laminar shear strengths do not show significant changes.It is also shown that the inter-laminar shear strength of carbonfiber/epoxy resin composites with inter-laminar hybrid structure is better than that of pure carbonfiber materials.The related resistance to corrosion can be improved by more than 41%.

Epoxy Methacrylate Resin as Binder Polymer for Black Negative-Tone Photoresists

Epoxy acrylate (EA) resin, which originates from epoxides, has long been served as a photocurable coating and adhesive material owing to its double bonds. Specifically, alkaline-developable EA resins can be used as a binder polymer in negative-tone photoresists. In this work, we synthesized a series of acidic polyester-type epoxy methacrylate resins, characterized the intermediates and products, and tested their performance as a binder polymer for the photolithographic micro-patterning of the pixel-defining layer on organic light-emitting diodes in comparison to a widely used commercial binder polymer. Copolymer-type binder polymer BP-2-2 was produced excellent patterning with no residue due to its high compatibility with the black mill base.

Fracture and Tribological Evaluation of Dental Composite Resins Containing Pre-polymerized Particle Fillers

The fracture and tribological evaluation of dental composite resin containing pre-polymerized particle fillers were investigated. Composite resins, e.g. metafil, silux plus, heliomolar and palfique estelite were selected as specimens in order to evaluate the effects of pre-polymerized particle filler on the fracture and wear characteristics of composite resins. In the wear tests, a ball-on-flat wear test method was used. The friction coefficient of metafil was quite high. The wear resistance of silux plus and palfique estelite was better than that of metafil and heliomolar under the same experimental condition. The main wear mechanism of composite resins containing pre-polymerized particle fillers was an abrasive wear by brittle fracture of pre-polymerized particles and by debonding of fillers and matrix.

STUDY ON THE KINETICS OF POLYMERIZATION OF MMA BY COPPER（Ⅱ） CHELATING RESINS

The polymerization of MMA initiated by copper(Ⅱ） chelating resins/CCl4 system was studied.From the kinetic data,the kinetic equation of polymerization can be expressed as Rp=Ke^-56400/RT[MMA]^1.57[CCl4]^m[RESIN-Cu]^0.18 where m:3-4.5,when[CCl4] 0.1-6.93M.The free radical polymerization mechanism is proposed.The primary radicals are formed by the process of complexation-chlorine transformation among the copper(Ⅱ) chelating resin,CCl4 and methacrylate.

Effect of Zirconium Oxide Nano-Fillers Addition on the Flexural Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Hardness of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin

Purpose: The mechanical strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) remains far from ideal for maintaining the longevity of denture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanofillers powder with different concentration (1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%) on the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Materials and methods: Zirconium oxide powders with different concentrations (1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%) were incorporated into heat-cure acrylic resin (PMMA) and processed with optimal condition (2.5:1 Powder/monomer ratio, conventional packing method and water bath curing for 2 hours at 95。C) to fabricate test specimens of PMMA of dimensions (50 × 30 × 30 mm) for the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and (50 × 30 × 30 mm) were fabricated for measuring hardness. PMMA without additives was prepared as a test control. Three types of mechanical tests;flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness were carried out on the samples. The recorded values of flexural strength in (MPa), fracture toughness in (MPa.m1/2), and hardness (VHN) were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests were used for testing the significance between the means of tested groups which are statistically significant when the P value ≤ 0.05. Results: Addition of Zirconium oxide nanofillers to PMMA significantly increased the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness. Conclusion: These results indicate that Zirconium oxide nanofillers added to PMMA has a potential as a reliable denture base material with increased flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness. According to the results of the present study, the best mechanical properties were achieved by adding 7%wt ZrO2 concentration.

Modification of Montmorillonite through Intercalative Polymerization

Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified through intercalative polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde catalyzed by oxalic acid. The modified montmorillonite was delaminated at large, as demonstrated by XRD and TEM studies. It can disperse easily in epoxy resin to form exfoliated nanocomposites. The nanoscale silicate platelets dispersed in water can be metallized by silver deposition.

Preparation and Characterization of Super Absorbent Resin from Natural Cellulose

The grafting polyacrylamide onto wood pulp cellulose (cell g PAM) was performed with cerous ammonium nitrate as the initiator and hydrolyzed to produce the super absorbent resin. The FTIR shows that the polyacrylamide is grafted on the cellulose. After hydrolyzation, part of acrylamino groups are transformed into carboxyl groups. The XRD analysis shows that the graft polymerization occurred at the amorphous section and the surface of the crystal section of cellulose. The SEM graph reveals that there is a layer of polymer on the surface of cellulose fiber and the fibril structure of the cellulose surface is covered. After hydrolyzation, the surface of the product is different from that of cell g PAM's and the surface is scraggy. The technical conditions to prepare high water absorbent resin were confirmed. Through the radical graft copolymerization, the high water absorbent resin can be produced from wood pulp cellulose.

Study on Polyurethane/(vinyl ester resin) IPN Damping Materials

Polyurethane/(vinyl ester resin) interpenetrating polymer network (PU/VER IPN) materials with broad temperatureranges and excellent damping properties from Iow temperature to room temperature were prepared. The influenceof comonomers and component ratios on the compatibility and damping properties of IPN materials was studied byDMA which indicates that such properties are improved by introducing acrylic esters instead of polystyrene (PSt)into VER comonomer system. The detected results of microstructure by AFM show that the phase ranges of thedual-phase continuous IPN materials obtained are both in nanometer scale. The results of mechanical propertiesshow that IPN materials show the regulation from elastic deformation to brittle deformation with the increase of VERproportion.

Preparation, morphology and mechanical properties of acrylate-modified polyurethane/unsaturated polyester resin graft-IPNs

Acrylate modified polyurethane resin was first synthesized, and interpenetrated with unsaturated polyester resin to form IPNs and gradient IPNs which cured at room temperature. The polymerization process was traced by an IR spectroscopy technique and the simultaneous interpenetrating techniques were determined. The morphology of these IPNs were estimated by TMA and TEM methods. The results indicated that large amount of interpenetrating and entanglement make T g linked up effectively, and domains between two phases can be in nanometre ranges, which changed with composition ratios. The mechanical properties results showed that IPNs varied from elastomeric to plastic materials. It was noteworthy that, with the introduction of modified groups and the formation of graft construction in IPNs, the miscibility in the systems was improved a lot. These further led to the improved mechanical properties of IPNs with elastomer reinforced and plasticizer toughened as well. The reinforced miscibility between the networks can apparently change mechanical property especially for the gradient ones when the materials are elongated.