Standard-definition White-light,High-definition White-light versus Narrow-band Imaging Endoscopy for Detecting Colorectal Adenomas:A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy(SD-WL),high-definition white-light endoscopy(HD-WL),and high-definition narrow-band imaging(HD-NBI)in detecting colorectal lesions in the Chinese population.Methods This was a multicenter,single-blind,randomized,controlled trial with a non-inferiority design.Patients undergoing endoscopy for physical examination,screening,and surveillance were enrolled from July 2017 to December 2020.The primary outcome measure was the adenoma detection rate(ADR),defined as the proportion of patients with at least one adenoma detected.The associated factors for detecting adenomas were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results Out of 653 eligible patients enrolled,data from 596 patients were analyzed.The ADRs were 34.5%in the SD-WL group,33.5%in the HD-WL group,and 37.5%in the HD-NBI group(P=0.72).The advanced neoplasm detection rates(ANDRs)in the three arms were 17.1%,15.5%,and 10.4%(P=0.17).No significant differences were found between the SD group and HD group regarding ADR or ANDR(ADR:34.5%vs.35.6%,P=0.79;ANDR:17.1%vs.13.0%,P=0.16,respectively).Similar results were observed between the HD-WL group and HD-NBI group(ADR:33.5%vs.37.7%,P=0.45;ANDR:15.5%vs.10.4%,P=0.18,respectively).In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses,neither HD-WL nor HD-NBI led to a significant difference in overall adenoma detection compared to SD-WL(HD-WL:OR 0.91,P=0.69;HD-NBI:OR 1.15,P=0.80).Conclusion HD-NBI and HD-WL are comparable to SD-WL for overall adenoma detection among Chinese outpatients.It can be concluded that HD-NBI or HD-WL is not superior to SD-WL,but more effective instruction may be needed to guide the selection of different endoscopic methods in the future.Our study’s conclusions may aid in the efficient allocation and utilization of limited colonoscopy resources,especially advanced imaging technologies.

“Instruction-Category” Approach of Test Suite Construction for Oven Embedded System

Being different from testing for popular GUI software, the “instruction-category” approach is proposed for testing embedded system. This approach is constructed by three steps including refining items, drawing instruction-brief and instruction-category, and constructing test suite. Consequently, this approach is adopted to test oven embedded system, and detail process is deeply discussed. As a result, the factual result indicates that the “instruction-category” approach can be effectively applied in embedded system testing as a black-box method for conformity testing.

High-definition colonoscopy with i-Scan:Better diagnosis for small polyps and flat adenomas

AIM： To investigate if high-definition （HD） colonoscope with i-Scan gave a higher detection rate of mucosal le- sions vs standard white-light instruments. METHODS： Data were collected from the computer- ized database of the endoscopy unit of our tertiary referral center. We retrospectively analyzed 1101 con- secutive colonoscopies that were performed over 1 year with standard white-light （n = 849） or HD＋ with i-Scan （n = 252） instruments by four endoscopists, in an outpatient setting. Colonoscopy records included patients＇ main details and family history for colorectal cancer, indication for colonoscopy （screening, diagnos- tic or surveillance）, type of instrument used （standard white-light or HD＋ plus i-Scan）, name of endoscopist and bowel preparation. Records for each procedure included whether the cecum was reached or not and the reason for failure, complications during or imme- diately after the procedure, and number, size, location and characteristics of the lesions. Polyps or protruding lesions were defined as sessile or pedunculated, and nonprotruding lesions were defined according to Paris classification. For each lesion, histological diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS： Eight hundred and forty-nine colonosco- pies were carried with the standard white-light video colonoscope and 252 with the HD＋ plus i-Scan video colonoscope, The four endoscopists did 264, 300, 276 and 261 procedures, respectively; 21.6%, 24.0%, 21.7% and 24.1% of them with the HD＋ plus i-Scan technique. There were no significant differences be- tween the four endoscopists in either the number of procedures done or the proportions of each imaging technique used. Both techniques detected one or more mucosal lesions in 522/1101 procedures （47.4%）. The overall number of lesions recognized was 1266; 645 in the right colon and 621 in the left. A significantly higher number of colonoscopies recognized lesions in the HD＋ plus i-Scan mode （171/252 = 67.9%） than with the standard white-light technique （408/849 = 48.1%） （P 〈 0.0001）. HD＋ with i-Scan colonoscopies identified more lesions than standard white-light imag- ing （459/252 and 807/849, P 〈 0.0001）, in the right or left colon （mean ：1： SD, 1.62±1.36 vs 1.33±0.73, P 〈 0.003 and 1.55±0.98 vs 1.17±0.93, P = 0.033）, more lesions 〈 10 mm （P 〈 0.0001） or nonprotruding （P 〈 0.022）, and flat polyps （P = 0.04）. The cumulative mean number of lesions per procedure detected by the four endoscopists was significantly higher with HD＋ with i-Scan than with standard white-light imaging （1.82 ± 2.89 vs 0.95± 1.35, P 〈 0.0001）. CONCLUSION： HD imaging with i-Scan during the withdrawal phase of colonoscopy significantly increased the detection of colonic mucosal lesions, particularly small and nonprotruding polyps.

Bernard Suits的游戏哲学及相关争论

Bernard Suits(伯纳德·苏茨)是美国著名的体育哲学家,一生致力于探究玩耍、游戏、运动等概念及其关系,为游戏哲学的发展做出了巨大贡献。Suits的游戏哲学主要包括4个方面,即玩耍、玩游戏、玩游戏与乌托邦,以及玩耍、游戏与运动的关系。玩耍方面的争论集中在玩耍是否涉及资源重新分配,自有目的是否具有客观性;玩游戏方面的争论集中在游戏是否可定义,定义是否过宽或过窄,定义的内容是否准确;玩游戏与乌托邦方面的争论集中在乌托邦是否完美,游戏乌托邦是否存在;玩耍、游戏和运动关系方面的争论集中在三者是否存在交叉关系,分类依据是否出现类型错误,Suits的游戏哲学有助于审视当下的体育现象和问题。

Optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps using high-definition i-scan: An educational experience

AIM:To examine performances regarding prediction of polyp histology using high-definition (HD) i-scan in a group of endoscopists with varying levels of experience. METHODS:We used a digital library of HD i-scan still images, comprising twin pictures (surface enhancement and tone enhancement), collected at our university hospital. We defined endoscopic features of adenomatous and non-adenomatous polyps, according to the following parameters:color, surface pattern and vascular pattern. We familiarized the participating endoscopists on optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps using a 20-min didactic training session. All endoscopists were asked to evaluate an image set of 50 colorectal polyps with regard to polyp histology. We classified the diagnoses into high confidence (i.e., cases in which the endoscopist could assign a diagnosis with certainty) and low confidence diagnoses (i.e., cases in which the endoscopist preferred to send the polyp for formal histology). Mean sensitivity, specificity and accuracy per endoscopist/image were computed and differences between groups tested using independent-samples t tests. High vs low confidence diagnoses were compared using the pairedsamples t test. RESULTS:Eleven endoscopists without previous experience on optical diagnosis evaluated a total of 550 images (396 adenomatous, 154 non-adenomatous). Mean sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing adenomas were 79.3%, 85.7% and 81.1%, respectively. No significant differences were found between gastroenterologists and trainees regarding performances of optical diagnosis (mean accuracy 78.0%vs 82.9%,P = 0.098). Diminutive lesions were predicted with a lower mean accuracy as compared to non-diminutive lesions (74.2% vs 93.1%, P = 0.008). A total of 446 (81.1%) diagnoses were made with high confidence. High confidence diagnoses corresponded to a significantly higher mean accuracy than low confidence diagnoses (84.0% vs 64.3%, P = 0.008). A total of 319 (58.0%) images were evaluated as having excellent quality. Considering excellent quality images in conjunction with high confidence diagnosis, overall accuracy increased to 92.8%. CONCLUSION:After a single training session, endoscopists with varying levels of experience can already provide optical diagnosis with an accuracy of 84.0%.

Impressions of Hazmat Suits Based on Color

Background: Commonly, skin and clothing surface contamination screening (radiation survey) is performed for residents of an area to confirm the levels of residual contamination after nuclear power disasters. Examiners for such a screening often wear white radiation hazmat suits. However, it has been reported that examinees tend to feel tension or anxiety. In this study, we focus on the color of the radiation hazmat suit as one measure to reduce residents’ tension or anxiety. This study aims to determine the common conceptions of radiation hazmat suits based on color. Methods: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted with a total of 262 participants consisting of nursing students, administrative staff of a university, general citizens, and mothers raising their children in the Tohoku region in Japan. The common impressions of radiation hazmat suits, which are typically white, were measured using the Multiple Affective States Scale. This scale can measure the affective state brought about by clothing. The color of white (W) was defined as a standard color commonly used for hazmat suits;in order to determine the common impressions of radiation hazmat suits based on color, the following additional colors were shown to the participants: salmon pink (P), ivory (I), and light green (G). Results: There were no sex differences regarding common impressions of radiation hazmat suits. For white radiation hazmat suits, a high score reflecting the characteristic of “capable” was obtained, while the scores for “cheerful” and “calm” were low, and those for “depressed” and “tense” were high. The colors that showed the highest score for “calm” as a positive affirmative state were I and P. W and P reflected a high “ashamed” score, and the “tense” score for G was higher for the participants in their 20s than for those in their 30s and older. Conclusions: Results show that the color of hazmat suits provokes far greater feelings of anxiety and tension on participants than previously thought. Radiation hazmat suits may be further improved based on the results of this study.

A Reliable Adaptive High-Definition Transmission System for Distance Learning

There is an increasing demand for supporting high-quality real-time audiovisual services for the next generation wired and wireless networks. However, due to variety of bandwidths of different networks, it is a great challenge for deployment. In this paper, a novel high-definition (HD) video transmission system was proposed which depends upon reliable compound multicast protocols and QoS control over the various kinds of networks. This system detects client's network condition and assigns it to a proper proxy. Each proxy is capable of detecting network parameters and adaptively tuning such transport parameters as bit rate, video resolution, frame rate and QoS mechanisms to this condition. It also provides FEC error recovery under consideration of characteristics of MPEG4 video codec. Our simulation demonstrates that different network clients such as ADSL, CERNET, and CERNET2 can receive more video reliability with less delay.

Incorporation of Cutting for Customized Suits

The theoretical male body size and its distribution plan are studied in consideration with the nation standard and the information provided by several garment companies. Through nine times tries of marking two suits with the CAD marking module, the fabric length and rates are derived. The formulas of the marking fabric length, the length total, and the girth total are obtained by using SPSS software. Moreover, by comparing the two incorporation methods of cutting in which one in the arithmetic sequence and the other in the geometric sequence, it is found that the one in the arithmetic sequence is better than the one in the geometric sequence.

Jinshi Western Suits

Jinshi western suits are made by the Jinshi Garment Company of the Wuhan Woollen Textile Industry Holdings Group Co. Ltd. The Company is a modern garment production enterprise. It has imported a complete set of western suits production line from Germany. It comprises 495 machines, including an electronic super ironing machine. Annual output capacity is 100,000 suits.

Shiqi Suits

The Qingsong Garment Co. Ltd in Inner Mongolia was founded in 1988 by five enterprises from the Mainland, Japan and Hongkong. The company has introduced the world’s advanced equipment, adopted the Japanese CAD clothing design system and invited foreign experts to give technological instruction

Shanshan Suits

Shanshan suits, a name brand product of the Shanshan (Group) Company, are popular with customers for their novel style and high quality. The company uses German-made photoelectric position-setting automatic pocket-cutting and sleeve-fixing machines to make the pockets and sleeves precisely. The automatic vertical steaming and ironing streamline bought from the Italian MacpiCompany can give steaming and ironing treatment to every part of the suit. In this way, the suits have clear-cut lines and will stay in shape even

Jinshi Western Suits

Jinshi western suits are made by theJinshi Garment Company of the WuhanWoollen Textile Industry HoldingsGroup Co. Ltd. The Company is a moderngarment production enterprise. It has importeda complete set of western suits productionline from Germany. It comprises

Zhifeng Silk Denim Suits

The silk denim suit series are new and patent products researched and developed by the Jiangsu Nantong Zhifeng Group. They are made from mulberry silk. Since they entered the market, they have become popular among consumers.

Blue Panther Suits

The Sino-foreign joint venture Prince Clothing Company, Ltd. has introduced advanced clothes-making lines from Germany and Japan and produced the top-quality Blue Panther suits by integrating traditional Eastern and Western craftsmanship with hi-tech machines and computers in production. Blue Panther suits are made with selected British traditional pure

Chinese Brandname-Shanshan Western Suits

In recent years, Shanshan western suits have become famous and popular on the garment market. They have won the first gold bridge prize in successive years from the Ministry of Internal Trade and have been evaluated as one of the ten brandnames of Chinese-made western suits.

Lanyan Brand Denim Suits

The Shandong Zibo LanyanTextile(Group) Co.,Ltd.which islocated in Zhouchun,a famous city inShandong Province,is a large enterprise,and a state second class enterprise.It is oneof the 500 top textile enterprises in China.The Company has introduced the mostadvanced technological equipment forweaving,dyeing and finishing and has anannual output of denim of 18 million metres. The Lanyan brand denim suit series(including denim jackets and jeans) producedby the Company adopts special weaving andknitting technology,and the finishing is donewith exquisite workmanship and with

Adaptability analysis and optimization of log suite for uncased wellbores of shale gas reservoirs:A case study of Sichuan Basin,China

Significant progress has been made in the exploration and development of unconventional gas resources in China since the beginning of the 21st century.With a rapid increase in yield,the exploration and development of shale gas have been upgraded to a level of national strategy.Logging is one of the core technologies in gas exploration and development.However,logging technologies face the challenges of complex geological conditions and well casing environment,high temperature,high pressure,and strong heterogeneity.Despite the rich experience accumulated,unified understanding and implementation specifications are yet to be established for shale gas well logging.Given the analysis and comparison of the effectiveness and adaptability of logging technologies at different stages of shale gas exploration and development for the Sichuan Basin,this study optimizes the log suite to meet the demand for highefficiency exploration and development of shale gas.According to the adaptability analysis of shale gas log suite,the mandatory logging items of exploratory wells should include caliper log(CAL),natural gamma ray spectrometry(NGS)log,spontaneous potential(SP)log,directional survey,borehole compensated sonic log,litho-density log(LDL),compensated neutron log(CNL),dual laterologmicrospherically focused log/dual induction-laterolog log/array induction log,temperature log,elemental capture spectroscopy(ECS)log,formation microimager(FMI)log,and array sonic log.The log suite of appraisal wells is almost the same as that for exploratory wells,excluding the ECS log and microresistivity scanning imaging.Meanwhile,for the logging of horizontal/highly-deviated holes,the log suite of vertical wells should be referred to according to specific well conditions.

松辽盆地海力锦铀矿床黄铁矿微量元素、硫同位素特征及其对成矿流体性质的指示

海力锦铀矿床控矿灰色砂岩垂向上具有“两红夹一灰”特征,铀矿体呈多层板状,与传统的层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿明显不同。文章通过对赋矿灰色砂岩中黄铁矿微区微量元素和硫同位素特征研究,反演海力锦铀矿床成矿流体性质及来源,主要获得了以下几点认识:(1)海力锦铀矿床含矿层黄铁矿赋存形式包括胶状、草莓状,铀矿物常与草莓状或胶状黄铁矿共伴生于有机质胞腔内或矿物粒间孔隙。(2)黄铁矿微量元素特征显示,As、Mo、Sb等亲硫性元素从核部到边部含量增高,Mo、Ni、Zn、Cu、Ba等元素与U具有较好的正相关性,这些元素在大气降水中难以沉淀和富集,往往富集于深部还原性流体中。硫同位素δ34SV-CDT值显示从核部到边部明显降低的特征,表明黄铁矿形成环境发生了较大改变,指示海力锦铀矿床成矿流体可能为深部具有一定温度的还原性流体。(3)松辽盆地西南部深部发育厚度大且面积广的富铀烃源岩,海力锦铀矿床东南部F1断裂为沟通深部富铀烃源岩和含矿层的深大断裂,据此认为海力锦铀矿床成矿流体可能来自深部还原性流体(富铀烃源岩),控矿灰色砂岩为还原性流体对原生氧化沉积建造的还原改造。

Guideline of Test Suite Construction for GUI Software Centered on Grey-Box Approach

In this paper, the test suite construction for GUI (Graphical User Interface) software may be executed centered on grey-box approach with the prior test design of window access controls for unit testing, including front-end method of white box and follow-up black box method for integration testing. Moreover, two key opinions are proposed for the test suite construction for GUI software, the first one is that the “Triple-step method” should be used for unit testing with the prior disposing of data boundary value testing of input controls, and another one is that the “Grey-box approach” should be applied in integration testing for GUI software with necessary testing preparation in the precondition. At the same time, the testing of baseline version and the incremental testing should be considered for the test case construction to coordinate with the whole evolution of software product today. Additionally, all our opinion and thought are verified and tested with a typical case of GUI software—PQMS (Product Quality Monitoring Software/System), and results indicate that these methods and specific disposing are practical and effective.