False anomaly recognition with horizontal differential field lines method in high-density electrical technique and its application in Xinlei Quarry,Jiuquan

As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequently occurred in the graph of apparent resistivity pseudo-section or inverted geoelectrical section obtained from high-density electrical technique,and are difficult to remove.In this study,the authors explain the mechanism of the false anomalies and put forward the horizontal differential field method to identify the false anomalies.Based on the analysis of modeling results,this method is applied in the surveying data in Xinlei Quarry of Jiuquan,and the results confirm the effectiveness of the horizontal differential field method.

Electrospinning-hot pressing technique for the fabrication of thermal and electrical storage membranes and its applications

The combination of electrospinning and hot pressing,namely the electrospinning-hot pressing technique(EHPT),is an efficient and convenient method for preparing nanofibrous composite materials with good energy storage performance.The emerging composite membrane prepared by EHPT,which exhibits the advantages of large surface area,controllable morphology,and compact structure,has attracted immense attention.In this paper,the conduction mechanism of composite membranes in thermal and electrical energy storage and the performance enhancement method based on the fabrication process of EHPT are systematically discussed.Moreover,the state-of-the-art applications of composite membranes in these two fields are introduced.In particular,in the field of thermal energy storage,EHPT-prepared membranes have longitudinal and transverse nanofibers,which generate unique thermal conductivity pathways;also,these nanofibers offer enough space for the filling of functional materials.Moreover,EHPT-prepared membranes are beneficial in thermal management systems,building energy conservation,and electrical energy storage,e.g.,improving the electrochemical properties of the separators as well as their mechanical and thermal stability.The application of electrospinning-hot pressing membranes on capacitors,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),fuel cells,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),and hydrogen bromine flow batteries(HBFBs)still requires examination.In the future,EHPT is expected to make the field more exciting through its own technological breakthroughs or be combined with other technologies to produce intelligent materials.

Analysis of Electric Guitar Improvisation Techniques

As an important form of modern fusion music performance,electric guitar improvisation is widely praised and welcomed for its unique performance style.The main points and difficulties of its performance lie in tone switching,speed playing skills,and grasping the title,mood,and style of the music.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate the conventional techniques of string sweeping,pizzicato,and dotted strings with improvisation,applying differentiated rhythmic rhythms,timbre modulation,and special playing techniques to deepen the distinctive art-rock music characteristics.

Structural Surface Crack Monitoring Method Based on Electrical Potential Technique and Modern Surface Technology

Crack monitoring plays a great role in modern structural health monitoring, however, most of the conventional crack inspections have disadvantages in terms of the accuracy, expense, reliability, durability and level of instrumentation required. Thus, development of a simple and reliable crack inspection technique that allows continuous monitoring has been desired. In this paper, electrical potential technique and modern surface technology are employed together to develop a new structural surface crack monitoring method. A special crack monitoring coating sensor based on electrical potential technique was deposited on the hot spot of the structure by modern surface technology. The sensor consists of three layers： the isolated layer, the sensing layer and the protective layer. The isolated layer is prepared by anodic oxidation technology, the sensing layer is made of ion plated copper, and the protective layer is made of silicone. The thickness of each layer is at micrometer magnitude. The electrical conductivity of the sensor is very stable, and the fatigue performance of the specimen with or without coating sensor is nearly unchanged. The crack monitoring experiment result shows that there are two sudden rises of the coating sensor electrical potential values, corresponding to different stages of the crack initiation and propagation. Since the width of the surface coating sensor is only 0.5 mm, this crack monitoring sensor can detect the propagation of cracks less than 0.5 mm long. The method proposed takes the simplicity of electrical potential technique and can monitor surface crack of nearly all kinds of structures precisely. The results of this paper may form the basis of a new crack monitoring system.

Contribution of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Boring Technique in the Realization of Ten (10) Large Boreholes in a Crystalline Basement Rocks in the Centre-West of Benin

In order to ensure access to drinking water for Benin populations by 2021, the Emergency Measure program for the reinforcement of the drinking water supply system of Savalou city was initiated in 2018. This program focuses on densification and extension of hydraulic infrastructures. Therefore, it is prominent to use rigorous approach for implementation and execution of drilling activities. The present work has the advantage of combining the use of electrical resistivity tomography and borehole technique to locate ten high flow drilling in Savalou city. The electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) panels were made based on the dipole-dipole arrays with 48 electrodes with 5 m inter-electrode spacing. The drilling was carried out over ten selected points and in two stages: confirmation test using piezometer and borehole diameter enlargement. Moreover, only piezometers with flow rate greater than 10 m3/h were enlarged. The tomography processing has identified 10 fractured zones that are defined by 250 - 1000 ohm.m resistivity values and a width between 15 - 55 m. The confirmation test carried out over ten piezometers exhibits high flow rates ranging from 9 to 35 m3/h with depths of 30 to 68 m. Nine over the ten boreholes with a flow rate equal or greater than 10 m3/h, have improved their flow rates by 50% to 100% after the boring technique. Thus, the cumulative flow rate has reached 252. 7 m3/h for Savalou city and his surrounding areas.

Effect of Cutting Techniques on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of a High-grade Non-oriented Electrical Steel

The high grade non-oriented electrical steel sheets containing 3.0%Si were manufacturing processed using different cutting techniques, then they were stress relief annealed（SRA）, the profiles and textures of the cutting edges were compared before and after annealing, and the magnetic properties of these specimens were tested and compared. The experimental results show that the iron loss of the specimen by water jet cutting is the lowest, but the magnetic induction under the low magnetic field is the highest, the iron loss of the specimen by laser cutting is the highest, but the magnetic induction under the low magnetic field is the lowest. It is necessary to adopt suitable production conditions and minimize the deterioration involved, and the magnetic property can be recovered by SRA effectively.

THEORY AND APPLICATION OF FIELD PERTURBATION TO ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TECHNIQUE FOR MEDICINE

A new approach called field perturbation theory is presented to analyze the electricalimpedance technique for medicine.The formula of constant voltage and constant current fieldperturbation,modified G-L formula and the formula of electrical field perturbation evoked bysound field are derived.The application results of the theory in electroglottography are alsointroduced.

Effects of heat treatment on morphological,optical and electrical properties of ITO films by sol-gel technique

Indium-tin-oxide(ITO)films were prepared on the quarts glass by sol-gel technique.Effects of different heat treatment temperatures and cooling methods on the morphological,optical and electrical properties of ITO films were measured by TG/DTA, IR,XRD,SEM,UV-VIS spectrometer and four-probe apparatus.It is found that the crystallized ITO films exhibit a polycrystalline cubic bixbyite structure.The heat treatment process has significant effects on the morphological,optical and electrical properties of ITO films.Elevating the heat treatment temperature can perfect the crystallization process of ITO films,therefore the optical and electrical properties of ITO films are improved.But the further increasing of heat treatment temperature results in the increment of ITO films’resistivity.Compared with ITO films elaborated by furnace cooling,those prepared through air cooling have following characteristics as obviously decreased crystalline size,deeply declined porosity,more compact micro-morphology,improved electrical property and slightly decreased optical transmission.

Application effect of high-density electrical method on detecting artificial filling layer: A case study of Chengjiangshan area of Huaibei City

High-density electrical method has been proved to be an effective method for probing shallow sedimentary layers.It is principally used to identify the boundary between the Quaternary soil layer and bedrock according to the vertical change of apparent resistivity.However,the artificial filling layer has the characteristics of heterogeneity and high porosity,which makes it challenging to detect the artificial filling layer by high-density electrical method.The key to solve this problem is to detect the difference of conductivity between the filling layer and the underlying bedrock.This paper takes the land in Chengjiangshan area of Huaibei City,Anhui Province as the detection target.On the basis of fully analyzing the physical properties of the artificial filling layer,two-dimensional high-density electrical survey and inversion are used to define the thickness of the artificial filling layer.The research shows that the highdensity resistivity method has obvious advantages in delineating the distribution of bedrock and the thickness of the filling layer,and the reliability of the high-density electrical method in the detection of the artificial filling layer,and delineates the scope of the filling layer is verified by the borehole data.

Femtosecond electron pulse compression by using the time focusing technique in ultrafast electron diffraction

We present a new model of an electron gun for generating subrelativistic femtosecond （fs） electron pulses. The basic idea is to utilize a dc acceleration stage combined with a time focusing region, the time focusing electrode generates an electron energy chirp for bunching at the target. Without considering the space charge effects, simulations of the electron gun were carried out under the conditions of different dc voltages and various slopes of the voltage added on the time focusing electrode. Tracing and simulating large numbers of photoelectrons through Monte-Carlo and finite difference methods, the electron pulses with 1 ps can be compressed to 55 fs, which will allow significant advances in the field of ultrafast diagnosis.

Preliminary study of the electrospray DPE peculiarities from the liquid surface in the presence of the CSWs

The Ultrasonic Electric Propulsion(UEP)system is a cutting-edge propulsion technology that is mostly used on platforms for small satellites(less than 10 kg).The characteristics of droplet partial emissions(DPEs)in the UEP system are investigated using a high-speed imaging technique(an ultra-high speed camera(NAC HX-6)and a long-distance microscope)in this work.The experiments demonstrate that there are a few partial emission modes,including left-side emission,double-side emission,and right-side emission,that are present in the droplet emission process of the UEP system.These modes are primarily caused by the partial formation of capillary standing waves(CSWs)on the emission surface of the ultrasonic nozzle.The emission rate for single-and double-sided emissions varies at different times,indicating that there are different CSWs engaged in droplet emission due to variations in the liquid film thickness and charge state of the liquid cones.Additionally,as the droplets emit continuously,a raised area on the emission surface appears,with several droplets emitting there as a result of charge accumulation.Additionally,photos of the CSWs with emitting droplets are obtained,which highlights the CSWs'distinctive wave morphology.

Methods and Techniques of Electricity Thieving in Pakistan

The situation of electricity in Pakistan has been alarming from the last ten years. The deficiency in electricity has not only obstructed the business activities but also affected the domestic consumers, educational institutes and hospitals. Usually electrical power companies are liable for electricity shortfall and power interruption. However, electricity end consumers are also equally responsible behind strange shortfall and unusual power interruption. Frequently, the consumers use the heavy electrical equipment in their homes including heaters, geysers, irons and water motors which causes the more electricity consumption, load shedding and huge amount of bills. For escaping the huge amount of electricity bill, the consumers commit the illegal and unethical connections. The illegal usage of electrical power failed the power companies to plan schedule load shedding accordingly and the other side the damaged electricity wires or Pole Mount Transformer increased faults due to overburdening, which directly affected on extend power interruption. In addition that, responsible teams of electrical power companies cannot reach instantly to repair faults and prevent the theft. Electricity thieving is social crime committed by the consumers or meter readers which causes the electricity strange shortfall within country. This paper presents the practical demonstration about the common energy theft methods and techniques done by electricity consumers within their home and residential building. In Pakistan EPC (electrical power companies) deploy the traditional electromechanical meters for electricity consumption measurements, however, these meters do not have any real time communication. Therefore there are many easy ways to manipulate the meter reading as well as internal structural of metering system.

Investigation into Impedance Measurements for Rapid Capacity Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

With the dramatic increase in electric vehicles(EVs)globally,the demand for lithium-ion batteries has grown dramatically,resulting in many batteries being retired in the future.Developing a rapid and robust capacity estimation method is a challenging work to recognize the battery aging level on service and provide regroup strategy of the retied batteries in secondary use.There are still limitations on the current rapid battery capacity estimation methods,such as direct current internal resistance(DCIR)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),in terms of efficiency and robustness.To address the challenges,this paper proposes an improved version of DCIR,named pulse impedance technique(PIT),for rapid battery capacity estimation with more robustness.First,PIT is carried out based on the transient current excitation and dynamic voltage measurement using the high sampling frequency,in which the coherence analysis is used to guide the selection of a reliable frequency band.The battery impedance can be extracted in a wide range of frequency bands compared to the traditional DCIR method,which obtains more information on the battery capacity evaluation.Second,various statistical variables are used to extract aging features,and Pearson correlation analysis is applied to determine the highly correlated features.Then a linear regression model is developed to map the relationship between extracted features and battery capacity.To validate the performance of the proposed method,the experimental system is designed to conduct comparative studies between PIT and EIS based on the two 18650 batteries connected in series.The results reveal that the proposed PIT can provide comparative indicators to EIS,which contributes higher estimation accuracy of the proposed PIT method than EIS technology with lower time and cost.

THE STUDY OF THE NON-STEADY KINETICS OF THE OXYDEHYDROGENATION OF ETHANE TO ETHYLENE OVER THE CATALYST OF Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 BY THE TECHNIQUE OF TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED TRANSIENT RESPONSE AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY

In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the TP-TR will be applied more widespreadly than ever before. With the technique of TP-TR and electric conductivity, the study is on the reaction mechanism and the adsorption behavior of the reactants and products to the present catalyst Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 in the reaction from ethane through oxydehydrogenation to ethylene as the product. By Range-Kutta-Gill and Margarat methods, the kinetic parameters of the reaction elementary steps (i.e. rate constants, active energies and frequency factors) have been evaluated. The mathematical treatment coincides with the experimental results.

CALCULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRIC FIELDS INDUCED BY ELECTRODES IN ELECTROSTATIC CHARGED POWDER SPRAYING TECHNIQUE

Electric fields induced by ring and pin electrodes in electrostatic charged powder sprayingtechnique are analysed. The fundamental formulae to deseribe these fields have been built up. Theseformulae could be used to design electrostatic charged podwer spraying system. The chargingeffectiveness of ring and pin electrode is experimentally investigated and compared each other. Theperformance of ring electrode is better than that of pin electrode.

Exploring dielectric phenomena in sulflower-like nanostructures via Monte Carlo technique

This research focuses on the electric behavior of a mixed ferrielectric sulflower-like nanostructure.The structure includes a core with spin S_(i)^(Z)-1 atoms and a shell with spin σ_(j)^(Z)-5/2 atoms.The Blume–Capel model and the Monte Carlo technique(MCt)with the Metropolis algorithm are employed.Diagrams are established for absolute zero,investigating stable spin configurations correlated with various physical parameters.The MCt method explores phase transition behavior and electric hysteresis cycles under different physical parameters.

Synthesis, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Fe304 Doped by Dy^3＋

The Dy^3＋ -doped Fe3O4 samples were synthesized by sol-gel method, and the effects of dopant on the electrical and magnetic properties were investigated. According to XRD analysis, the high concentration doping of dysprosium ions in Fe3O4 can not be obtained due to the difference of ionic radius, and Fe^3 ＋ ions are replaced by only a small amount of dysprosium ions. The magnetic property was characterized by VSM. The substitution results in the change of saturation magnetization, which may be due to the complex effects of increasing magnetization resulted from Dy^3＋ substitution and decreasing magnetization resulted from the impurity. The electrical property was characterized by four-probe method. With the increasing eoped content, magnetoresistance also increases, then decreases, and increases again. The spin-polarization of doped samples is lower than that of Fe3O4. Lower spin-polarization results in lower tunneling magnetoresistance. Fortunately, barrier was obtained by the second phase at the same time when sample was synthesized. The increase of appropriate barrier height leads to the change of tunneling magnetoresistance.

Application of high-density resistivity method to evaluate safety around Minyan Tunnel,Helong City

By determining the distribution and extent of geological structures surrounding the Mingyan Tunnel,Xicheng Town,Helong City,Jilin Province,we can evaluate the stability of the rock mass and assess potential hazards during tunnel construction.We use the high-density resistivity method to analyze the subsurface structure of the study area.Conductive anomalies are likely to represent joint and fissure systems within strongly weathered host rocks,and the bedrock surrounding the tunnel is relatively stable and does not contain well-developed faults.High-density resistivity analysis can provide valuable information in the context of tunnel engineering and safety.

Viability of high-density resistivity method for evaluating mountain slope stability in Erdaojiang District,Tonghua City,China

The authors employ the high-density resistivity method to image the subsurface structure of a mountain in Erdaojiang District,Tonghua City,Jilin Province,China,to evaluate the potential risk of slope failure on surrounding residential areas and infrastructure,and identify a shallow fault that extends across the center of the mountain and is perpendicular to the mountain slope and accurately locate the spatial position and depth of another fault on the southern side of the mountain.The results provide an important basis for evaluating mountain slope stability.This study also demonstrates that the high-density resistivity method is effective for detecting mountain faults.