Monitoring Study of Long-Term Land Subsidence during Subway Operation in High-Density Urban Areas Based on DInSAR-GPS-GIS Technology and Numerical Simulation

During subway operation,various factors will cause long-term land subsidence,such as the vibration subsidence of foundation soil caused by train vibration load,incomplete consolidation deformation of foundation soil during tunnel construction,dense buildings and structures in the vicinity of the tunnel,and changes in water level in the stratum where the tunnel is located.The monitoring of long-term land subsidence during subway operation in high-density urban areas differs from that in low-density urban construction areas.The former is the gathering point of the entire urban population.There are many complex buildings around the project,busy road traffic,high pedestrian flow,and less vegetation cover.Several existing items requiremonitoring.However,monitoring distance is long,and providing early warning is difficult.This study uses the 2.8 km operation line between Wulin Square station and Ding’an Road station of Hangzhou Subway Line 1 as an example to propose the integrated method of DInSAR-GPS-GIS technology and the key algorithm for long-term land subsidence deformation.Then,it selects multiscene image data to analyze long-termland subsidence of high-density urban areas during subway operation.Results show that long-term land subsidence caused by the operation of Wulin Square station to Ding’an Road station of Hangzhou Subway Line 1 is small,with maximumsubsidence of 30.64 mm,and minimumsubsidence of 11.45 mm,and average subsidence ranging from 19.27 to 21.33 mm.And FLAC3D software was used to verify the monitoring situation,using the geological conditions of the soil in the study area and the tunnel profile to simulate the settlement under vehicle load,and the simulation results tended to be consistent with the monitoring situation.

Potential evaluation and implementation strategy for pocket park construction in high-density urban areas: A case study in Dalian, China

As an important element of urban renewal in highly urbanized areas, pocket parks with small size, flexible layout and daily accessibility are becoming a major component of green infrastructure and the mainstay of outdoor recreation space expansion in high-density urban centers. Nevertheless, the absence of a comprehensive framework for evaluating the potential of pocket park construction (PPC), one that integrates diverse influencing factors on a macro scale, has resulted in the random installation of such spaces, often failing to optimize the utilization of urban land. Addressing this critical lacuna, we propose an approach to evaluate PPC potential from a city-scale perspective, which is used to support the determination of which land units should be prioritized for PPC. A complete and feasible workflow was also established to identify potential land units, construct an index system for PPC combining demand and supply levels, quantitatively calculate indices based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), accurately evaluate PPC potential using an entropy-weighted TOPSIS model, and develop targeted renewal strategies. A case study in Dalian, China, demonstrated the applicability and implications of the workflow. The results showed that it is flexible and easy to adapt to different local contexts, allowing evaluators to introduce parameters considering the availability of local data, and will help decision makers to build pocket parks in the most effective plots, providing a strong reference for high-quality development in other high-density urban centers facing the contradiction between ecological construction and land scarcity.

Assessing Marine Protected Areas Effectiveness: A Case Study with the Tobago Cays Marine Park

Given the socio-economic consequences associated with declaring areas of ocean protected in order to achieve conservation objectives, this paper contributes to the growing global need to assess Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as an effective management tool. It adds to the current body of knowledge on MPA effectiveness by conducting an evaluation of the Tobago Cays Marine Park (TCMP), located in St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) in the eastern Caribbean, using a modified MPA effectiveness framework. Due to the limited information existing about the current performance of this MPA, this assessment also provides needed insight on the effect that the TCMP is having on the marine ecosystem, as well as its overall management performance. By comparing the performance of the MPA over a 10-year span (2007 and 2016), the results indicate that overall, the TCMP could be described as having limited success when key management categories of context, planning, input, process, output and outcomes are evaluated. In particular, efforts dedicated to planning, process and outcomes are assessed as deficient. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that efforts to realize the stated goals relating to conservation, public awareness and public education were being neglected. However, considerable effort was being expended by TCMP staff on achieving the remaining goal focusing on deriving economic benefits from touristic activities in the Park. Preliminary field research examining the effects of the TCMP on the abundance and density of an economically important species, Lobatus gigas, (commonly referred to as the queen conch) showed the TCMP as having no effect towards conch protection. The results and recommendations of this study, combined with continued monitoring of a recommended targeted suite of indicators, could contribute to better-informed adaptive MPA management, leading to progress towards the achievement of the stated goals for the TCMP.

On Innovation of Coordinative Development Mechanism of Science and Technology Park with Surrounding Areas under Promotion of the Government——Case Study on Three Science and Technology Park in Dongguan

Science and Technology Park, which plays a very important role in promoting rapid development of regional economy, has enjoyed various preferential policies in its unique development since China’s reform and opening up, which oppositely shows that the government has overlooked development outside the park and resulted in negative competition between the science and technology park and surrounding areas in resources and industry development, etc. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to overcome the existing obstacles against coordinative development between the park and surrounding areas, to explore paths where the two can development coordinately and to achieve new breakthrough and innovation in coordinative development in subject, object, platform and mechanism.

Shifting paradigms for Nepal＇s protected areas： history, challenges and relationships

The modern history of protected area(PA) management in Nepal dates back to 1973 when the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act(1973) was promulgated and Chitwan National Park was established. In the years immediately following these key events, protected area acts and regulations were strictly applied and the role of local people in managing natural resources was neglected. However with the passage of time, and with changes in the socio-political and economic characteristics of Nepal, management regimes have shifted towards a more liberal model which recognizes more clearly the contributions of people living and working within protected areas. Recently, landscape level conservation models including the designation of multiple use areas have been utilized in the development of management plans for protected areas in Nepal. Conservation agencies have attempted to tackle challenges such as land use conflict, poaching and smuggling of wildlife parts and illegal harvesting of highly valued medicinal herbs through regulation, but these efforts are not always successful. We recommend a holistic conflict resolution approach which recognizes and resolves the different needs of all stakeholders.

Are Traditionally Used Resources within Conservation Areas a Function of Their Sizes?

A perception that there is a proportional relationship between the size of a conservation area and the occurrence or abundance of resources available was tested in this paper. This was done by evaluating the occurrence (from records of plant and animal species) of traditionally used biological resources from four national parks of South Africa that have different sizes. Results obtained show that contrary to a general belief that bigger conservation areas might have higher proportions and possibly abundance of traditionally used resources, this is not true. In addition, results reflected that the occurrence of traditionally used biological resources within the conservation areas is not a function (in terms of the size) of their sizes. Drawing this relationship has put forth a question of whether there is a direct relationship between the biodiversity of conservation estates and the resources available. While this study did not attempt to provide an absolute answer to this question, it has laid a foundation to tackle it further. Providing answers to questions like these will not only increase the ecological value of conservation areas among traditional societies but will also help to align con-servation estates with TRIPS (trade related aspects of intellectual property) and other international instruments like CBD (Convention on biodiversity). All which call for inclusive approach to the management of natural resources and biodiversity.

Planning and Design of Suocao Bay Wetland Park in Maoji Experimental Area of Huainan City

The coal resources are abundant in Huainan City,but with development and utilization of coal mine,the water surface formed by mining subsidence increases gradually,and more and more people pay great attention on the research of the wetland in the subsidence area. Through on-site review,the status of the wetland resources is explored,and wetland ecosystem of the region is analyzed. In this paper,the red line delimitation,functional zoning,overall layout and basic engineering planning and design of Suocao Bay Wetland Park are carried out. The planning and design of Suocao Bay Wetland Park mean to provide new support for ecological protection,accelerate the ecological restoration in Maoji Experimental Area,vigorously carry forward the wetland culture,and make it become an important wetland demonstration base in coal mine subsidence area.

Evaluation System and Method of Industrial Park Renewal:A Case Study of the Starting Area of Handan City

With the rapid development of urbanization,the industrial parks originally located in the suburbs are gradually incorporated into the urban center.Industries that fail to follow the transformation of urban economic development and are forced to close,or enterprises that move out without conforming to the environment,become a gray area within the city.Most of the existing assessments are conducting single assessment of some indicators,but than their actual benefits.Through the field investigation on the starting area of Handan Economic Development Zone,and the evaluation on the nature of land use,development intensity,investment and output,and idle land,inefficient land use in the park is identified.According to different evaluation results,different update and promotion methods are put forward.The research could provide a new evaluation method and idea for subsequent renewal and development of urban industrial parks.

A tale of duality:Community perceptions towards the ecotourism impacts on Simien Mountains National Park,Ethiopia

This study aims to analyze how park households perceive the economic,sociocultural,and environmental impacts of ecotourism in Simien Mountain National Park(SMNP),Ethiopia.We combined qualitative and quantitative techniques for data collection.A sequentially embedded mixed design that gives priority to quantitative data was used.We also employed a multistage sampling technique to select respondents from three districts or woredas,namely Debark,Janamora,and Beyeda woredas.Finally,397 participants were involved in the study from a random selection of three villages from each district or woreda.Data were gathered using a survey questionnaire,interviews,and focus group discussions.Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods,including means,standard deviations,analysis of variance(ANOVA),and logistic regression models.The findings from a logistic regression analysis revealed that ecotourism participation had a significant relationship with gender(B=1.850,P=0.023),level of education(B=0.238,P=0.032),geographical location(B=0.420,P=0.041),and occupation(B=0.920,P=0.019).This investigation suggested that males and individuals with a higher educational background are more likely to possess optimistic perspectives concerning the impacts of ecotourism.Furthermore,individuals residing in districts relatively near ecotourism destinations,those engaged in tourism-related work,and younger participants were recognized as having optimistic viewpoints regarding the impacts of ecotourism.In conclusion,the study highlighted the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to maximize ecotourism’s benefits and minimize negative effects in SMNP.To achieve this,it is recommended that the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Agency,the Ministry of Tourism,and local government should work together to develop sustainable tourism plans that enhance local livelihoods and park conditions.Efforts should focus on increasing the participation of females and individuals with lower education levels through training and resource provision.

干旱半干旱地区城市公园绿地空气负离子浓度特征及影响因素

为研究干旱半干旱地区城市公园绿地空气负离子浓度(NAIC)特征及影响因素,以呼和浩特市敕勒川公园为对象,于2020—2021年,每个季节选取晴天、晴间多云为主的天气各10 d,同步监测07:00—19:00时段,5种不同结构绿地(乔草型、乔灌型、乔木型、灌草型、乔灌草型)及对照区(CK)空气负离子浓度及PM10、PM2.5、温度、湿度、风速、大气压强、噪声等环境指标。结果表明:不同结构绿地空气负离子浓度季节日变化有所差异;同一季节,复杂结构绿地空气负离子浓度均值较高,不同结构绿地之间空气负离子浓度均值差异不显著;同一结构绿地,夏、秋季空气负离子浓度均值显著高于春、冬季;不同结构绿地空气清洁度夏、秋季较高,空气清洁度评价指数均值分别为0.58~0.78、0.52~0.80。绿地结构、季节对空气负离子浓度影响为主效应,绿地结构×季节对空气负离子浓度交互作用不显著;除此之外,相对湿度、PM10、PM2.5是影响空气负离子浓度的主要因素。

结合载客热点和POI的出租车停车位划定方法

针对出租车随意停靠造成城市交通拥堵甚至交通事故的问题,利用成都实际区域的出租车GPS(Global Position System)数据和爬取的POI(Point of Interest)数据,使用DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise)聚类算法对上下客点进行聚类,得到出租车的载客热点,根据POI的类型划定载客热点区域的类型,对出租车不同时间的出行需求进行分析,进而划分出出租车的固定停车区域。研究结果表明,出租车固定停车区域的设定与出行者的出行需求有关,即将固定停车区域设置在出行者出行需求多的区域,可以满足出行者的不同出行需求。结合出租车载客热点和爬取POI数据划定固定停车区域的方法具有较高的实用性,可为城市交通安全方面提供理论和现实意义。

祁连山国家公园肃南片区生态敏感性评价

生态敏感性评价是反映国家公园生态问题与保护利用关系的重要手段,对国家公园规划建设具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。文章以祁连山国家公园肃南片区为例,基于现存主要生态问题,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定评价因子权重,并运用ArcGIS空间分析方法完成了肃南片区的生态敏感性综合评价。结果表明,祁连山国家公园肃南片区的综合生态敏感性总体处于中等偏高的水平,中等敏感性以上地区占总面积的78.90%;空间分布呈现由东北至西南逐渐增加的趋势。根据祁连山国家公园肃南片区综合生态敏感性评价结果,针对不同敏感性级别的区域提出了差异化的保护管理模式。

体育公园赋能公园城市示范区建设的价值意蕴与实践路径

人与自然和谐共生的现代化是中国式现代化的重要特征之一,是习近平生态文明思想的核心理念。文章深入分析了体育公园赋能践行新发展理念的成都公园城市示范区建设,是“山、水、人、城、境”和谐共生的现代化城市发展新范式和新形态,同时也是对工业文明时代城市发展理念的系统反思、对生态文明时代城市发展理念的深化完善、对中国式现代化美丽城市发展的积极回应;系统论述了体育公园赋能践行新发展理念的成都公园城市示范区建设的实践路径:打造多轨赛事体系、夯实办赛硬件基础、形成集成创新效应的办赛路径,营造文体旅商新增长点、形塑生态健康美丽之城、增强城市文化影响力的营城路径,加快运动休闲功能区建设、提高运营模式升级效率、推动体育产业链协同联动的兴业路径,促进群众体育高质量发展、打造健康低碳运动休闲载体、赋力营建全龄友好生活体系的惠民路径。以期凝聚“办赛、营城、兴业、惠民”合力、助推“公园城市示范区”建设。

昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区种子植物区系研究

【目的】从物种代表性和多样性方面为拟创建的昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区的植物多样性保护、植物资源利用与管理提供基础科学数据。【方法】研究在野外调查基础上,结合历史数据及文献资料,梳理评估区种子植物名录,分析评估区种子植物区系的组成、优势类群、地理成分及珍稀濒危物种。【结果】(1)昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区共有种子植物46科146属384种,裸子植物3科3属5种,被子植物43科143属379种;苋科(Amaranthaceae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)和禾本科(Poaceae)4科在评估区种子植物区系中占重要地位,单种科和寡种科构成科的主体。(2)评估区种子植物科、属优势现象明显,优势科有8科,优势属有36属,具10种以上的大属有黄芪属(Astragalus)、棘豆属(Oxytropis)、蒿属(Artemisia)、风毛菊属(Saussurea)、早熟禾属(Poa)、薹草属(Carex)6属,单种属和小属构成属的主体。(3)评估区种子植物科的分布区类型以世界分布为主,同时呈现出温带性质,属的分布区类型以温带分布为主,与劳亚古陆有紧密联系。(4)评估区有4种国家二级重点保护野生植物,8种青海省重点保护植物,6种列入《中国生物多样性红色名录》。【结论】昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区的地理成分多样,但特有现象不明显,生物多样性较低,区系成分在水平梯度上呈现出干旱到半干旱以及温带向热带过渡的特征。

基于改进两步移动搜索法的合肥市中心城区综合公园可达性评价

为提高城市综合公园布局均衡性地定量评估的准确性,以合肥市中心城区为例,提出一种基于改进多出行模式的两步移动搜索法,利用高德地图的路径规划模型,结合双变量局部空间自相关、洛伦兹曲线以及基尼系数等方法,在手机信令数据的基础上对不同时间阈值下的城市综合公园的可达性及供需情况进行分析,进一步揭示中心城区综合公园布局的合理性。结果显示:合肥市中心城区综合公园的可达性空间差异显著,可达性较高区域通常分布在新城区以及综合公园周边地区,并且随着时间阈值的提高,可达性水平的空间分布呈现均衡态势;合肥市中心城区在15 min与30 min时间阈值下均只有近5%的居住网格处于供需匹配状态;近7%的居住网格处于供需显著不匹配状态,主要集中于老城区西部以及滨湖区北部区域,居住区密度与综合公园数量是影响供需匹配的重要原因。研究结果表明,通过利用手机信令数据与高德路径规划数据作为数据源对传统可达性的计算方法以及两步移动搜索模型进行改进,建立微观尺度下城市综合公园的可达性评价框架,能够精确地评估城市综合公园的可达性;通过优化城市交通的通达程度以提高居民综合公园游憩出行的阈值,能够显著促进城市综合公园整体的空间分布合理性。

云南省自然保护地现状特征及其体系重构规划策略

自然保护地高质量发展需要科学有序开展省域和全国2个层级的自然保护地归并整合及体系规划,以云南省域自然保护地数量、面积及空间分布特征为客观基础,提出体系规划策略“完备制度、科学规划”。对云南省各类各级自然保护地及16个州市自然保护地资源进行数量和空间分布的梳理、归纳分析,从现象到本质凝练特征,提出体系重构规划策略。结果发现:全省11种类型的自然保护地由7个主管部门管理,分布于全省16个州市约377处,面积约55277 km^(2),占全省土地面积约14%。各种类型的自然保护地数量、面积差异极大,以林业和住建行政主管部门为管理主体,分级和分级标准不确定。空间分布特征以“哀牢山—无量山”为界限,以西有创建国家公园等大型自然保护地的基础,以东则适合构建自然公园体系。一是以体系思维、系统完整性为重构逻辑。二是“哀牢山—无量山”以西的滇西、滇西南、滇西北是国家公园建设的关键区域。三是“哀牢山—无量山”以东的滇中、滇东、滇东南、滇东北等地则亟待完善自然公园体系。展望由地表覆盖类型、距道路遥远度、人口分布密度、距聚居点遥远度、生物物理自然度等维度识别云南省域最不被打扰的地理空间及客观存在的相对较荒的区域作为省域自然保护地扩容的备选资源。

祁连山国家公园煤矿修复对地表节肢动物多样性的影响

高寒山区煤矿覆土回填和种植草本植物能够快速改善环境,强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性及其生态功能,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应还会因海拔及放牧扰动强度的变化而异。选择祁连山国家公园甘肃片区中部西营河和东大河保护站煤矿修复区和毗邻草地(对照区)为研究对象,利用陷阱法调查煤矿修复区及对照区地表节肢动物的种类组成和数量变化,解析地表节肢动物群落及关键类群对煤矿修复的响应模式,确定影响地表节肢动物多样性变化的关键要素。结果表明,煤矿修复缩小了修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落差异,但煤矿修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落组成明显不同并存在地域差异。西营河煤矿修复显著提高了地表节肢动物活动密度,而东大河保护站煤矿修复导致地表节肢动物活动密度略有降低,地表节肢动物类群丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数变化与活动密度相反。主要地表节肢动物科对煤矿矿区修复的响应模式不同并存在区域差异,西营河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了平腹蛛科、微蛛亚科和隐翅虫科的活动密度,但显著降低了硬体盲蛛科和象甲科的活动密度;东大河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了步甲科活动密度,但降低了蚁科和狼蛛科的活动密度。pRDA排序结果表明,海拔高度和全氮含量解释了西营河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区20.8%的地表节肢动物群落变异;草本地上生物量和海拔高度解释了东大河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区24.3%的地表节肢动物群落变异。总之,高寒山区人工覆土和植被建设引起的植被和土壤环境变化强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应存在明显的区域差异,地表节肢动物多样性可以指示和评估煤矿修复效果。

城市公园常见植物固碳能力评估

为探究杭州市常见植物在四季生长过程中的固碳能力,以杭州西湖风景名胜区典型的50种植物为研究对象,结合便携式光合仪和植物冠层分析仪创新研究方法,分别测算植物四季的光合速率及叶面积,以评估其固碳能力。结果表明:广玉兰固碳能力最强,樟、三球悬铃木等较强,火棘、绣球、金丝桃较弱;乔木固碳能力强于灌木,常绿乔木固碳能力最强;不同季节植物固碳能力为:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。因此,在植物群落设计时,应加强高固碳能力植物的应用,增加常绿乔木的比例,最大程度提升植物景观美学价值和生态效益。