High-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy during preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancers

AIM:To determine the feasibility and safety of high dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy(HDR-ILBT) boost during preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer.METHODS:Between 2008 and 2009,thirty-six patients with locally advanced rectal cancer(≥ T3 or N+),were treated initially with concurrent capecitabine(825 mg/m2 oral twice daily) and pelvic external beam radiotherapy(EBRT)(45 Gy in 25 fractions),then were randomized to group A;HDR-ILBT group(n = 17) to receive 5.5-7 Gy×2 to gross tumor volume(GTV) and group B;EBRT group(n = 19) to receive 5.4 Gy×3 fractions to GTV with EBRT.All patients underwent total mesorectal excision.RESULTS:Grade 3 acute toxicities were registered in 12 patients(70.6%) in group A and in 8(42.1%) in group B.Complete pathologic response of T stage(ypT0) in group A was registered in 10 patients(58.8%) and in group B,3 patients(15.8%) had ypT0(P < 0.0001).Sphincter preservation was reported in 6/9 patients(66.7%) in group A and in 5/10 patients(50%) in group B(P < 0.01).Overall radiological response was 68.15% and 66.04% in Group A and B,respectively.During a median follow up of 18 mo,late grade 1 and 2 sequelae were registered in 3 patients(17.6%) and 4 patients(21.1%) in the groups A and B,respectively.CONCLUSION:HDR-ILBT was found to be effective dose escalation technique in preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancers,with higher response rates,downstaging and with manageable acute toxicities.

Dose-volume parameters and clinical outcome of CT-guided free-hand high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for cervical cancer

Currently, image-based 3-dimentional (3D) planning brachytherapy allows for a better assessment of gross tumor volume (GTV) and the definition and delineation of target volume in cervix cancer. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of our novel computed tomography (CT)-guided free-hand high-dose- rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDRISBT) technique for cervical cancer by evaluating the dosimetry and preliminary clinical outcome of this approach. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were analyzed according to the Gynecological GEC-ESTRO Working Group recommendations for image-based 3D treatment in cervical cancer. Twenty cervical cancer patients who underwent CT-guided free-hand HDRISBT between March 2009 and June 2010 were studied. With a median of 5 (range, 4-7) implanted needles for each patient, the median dose of brachytherapy alone delivered to 90% of the target volume (D90 ) was 45 (range, 33-54) Gyα/β10 for high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and 30 (range, 20-36) Gyα/β10 for intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV). The percentage of the CTV covered by the prescribed dose (V100 ) of HR-CTV with brachytherapy alone was 81.9%-99.2% (median, 96.7%). With an additional dose of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), the median D90 was 94 (range, 83-104) Gyα/β10 for HR-CTV and 77 (range, 70 -87) Gyα/β10 for IR-CTV; the median dose delivered to 100% of the target volume (D100 ) was 75 (range, 66-84) Gyα/β10 for HR-CTV and 65 (range, 57-73) Gyα/β10 for IR-CTV. The minimum dose to the most irradiated 2 cc volume (D2cc ) was 73-96 (median, 83) Gyα/β3 for the bladder, 64-98 (median, 73) Gyα/β3 for the rectum, and 52-69 (median, 61) Gyα/β3 for the sigmoid colon. After a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 3 -24 months), two patients experienced local failure, and 1 showed internal iliac nodal metastasis. Despite the relatively small number of needles used, CT-guided HDRISBT for cervical cancer showed favorable DVH parameters and clinical outcome.

The Experience of Pain and Anxiety in Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Multiple Fraction High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy: A Prospective Observational Study

Purpose: To evaluate the anxiety and pain levels of cervical cancer patients undergoing intracavitary multifraction high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy, as part of a process to develop guidelines for quality patient-centered care. Methods: Cervical cancer patients (n = 31) undergoingmultiple fraction HDR brachytherapy treatment at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat (Morocco) completed ratings of pain and anxiety intensity using 11-point verbal analog scales, at 6 key time points over 2 brachytherapy insertion procedures and 4 brachytherapy fractions. Women were evaluated for psychological status at baseline before starting the brachytherapy process using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scores were grouped as follows: 0 - 7 = normal, 8 - 10 = borderline, 11 - 21 = abnormal. Factors that could affect anxiety levels such as education level, relationship status, number of pregnancies and prior surgical history were documented. Results: Between July and August 2020, 31 women with a median age of 49.6 years were evaluated (range: 27 - 70). The HADS score identified depression in 5 patients (16.1%) and anxiety in 12 patients (38.7%). Throughout both treatment procedures, anticipatory anxiety was reported, with a maximum intensity in the operating room during spinal anesthesia (3.23 ± 1.7) and during applicator insertion (2.97 ± 2.4). Moderate-to-severe anxiety scores were reported in 25.8% and 22.6% of patients respectively. Level of education showed a significant correlation with anxiety scores (p = 0.027). Pain increased significantly during the procedure (p ± 1.4) and applicator removal (4.74 ± 1.5) turned out to be the most painful parts of the procedure. No correlation was found between pain and anxiety levels. Conclusion: Intracavitary multifraction high-dose rate brachytherapy is associated with mild to moderate levels of pain and anxiety, although a subset of patients reported more severe symptoms and may require additional medical and psychological support, with particular emphasis on bed-rest duration and applicator removal. The development of effective interventions (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) is needed to improve women’s experiences of brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.

An Innovative Concept of High-Dose-Rate (HDR) Intracavitary Brachytherapy with an Intrauterine Inflatable Balloon for Endometrial Carcinoma

Purpose: Curative radiation therapy is an established treatment option for non-surgical patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma. Dosimetric analyses were performed using a single tandem, double tandem, Heyman capsules, and an inflatable intrauterine balloon to assess the dose homogeneity and conformality in the definitive treatment of inoperable endometrial cancer. Methods and Materials: Patients’ informed-consent was obtained. Dosimetric analyses were performed using four different after-loading applicators to assess the dose homogeneity and conformality of isodose to the three-dimensional (3-D) shape of the target volume (uterus) based on CT data in four patients (n = 4). The single tandem and double tandems were standard Fletcher-type (Nucletron Corporation, Columbia, MD). Heyman capsules were the disposable after-loading type (Radiation Products Design, Inc., Albertville, MN). The inflatable balloon with a central bi-lumen catheter was the Mammo Site Radiation Therapy System (Proxima Therapeutics, Alpharetta, GA) that is currently used for local breast brachytherapy. Treatment planning and dosimetric analyses for all four techniques were done with HDR PLATO Brachytherapy (v14.2.3) Software (Nucletron Corporation). Results: The average dose gradient within the target (uterine wall) is highest with the tandem methods, followed by Heyman capsules. The intrauterine balloon method showed the least dose gradient across the uterine wall. The corresponding average homogeneity indices were 3.81, 3.83, 2.97, 2.50 for single tandem, double tandem, Heyman capsules, and intrauterine balloon respectively. Conclusions: The intra-uterine inflatable balloon appears to have the best overall dosimetric advantages for the treatment of the uterine wall. Furthermore, the potential ease of use, shorter time of applicator placement, and better patient comfort warrant further investigation and subsequent clinical implementation.

Organ at Risk Doses during High Dose Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer: A Dosimetric Study

Background: Treatment of Cervical cancer includes a combination of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). ICBT helps to boost radiation dose to primary disease. Organs like rectum, bladder, sigmoid and small bowel lie close to the cervix region and these organs receive dose from EBRT as well as ICBT and we want to know the dose to these organ at risk (OAR). Materials & Methods: Dosimetric details of 174 ICBT applications done in 58 patients were retrospectively analysed. All patients received EBRT dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. All patients had ICBT, three sessions with 7 Gy prescribed to point A. Dosimetric data including dose to right and left point A and dose to OARs were recorded from Oncentra Planning System. Results: Mean dose to point A on right side was 6.89 Gy and left side was 6.91 Gy. Mean D2cc dose to rectum, bladder, sigmoid and small bowel was 3.5 Gy, 5.25 Gy, 4.75 Gy and 4.2 Gy respectively. Mean EQD2 dose combining EBRT and ICBT in point A was 78.7 Gy on right side and 79 Gy on left side. Mean EQD2 doses to D2cc of rectum, bladder, sigmoid and small bowel was 62 Gy, 74.4 Gy, 70.5 Gy and 66.5 Gy respectively. Conclusion: From the results of this dosimetric study it is evident that OARs like rectum, sigmoid, bladder & bowel are receiving only acceptable doses of radiation using point A prescribed CT based ICBT planning. Hence with regards to OAR doses, CT based ICBT planning with dose prescribed to point A is a feasible option.

Will High Dose Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy Be a Surrogate to Surgery in Early Mobile Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue—An Indian Experience

The study was intended to highlight functional outcome and survival advantage when High Dose Rate (HDR) interstitial implant was used for anterior 2/3rd tongue, either as a primary or as boost depending upon stage of disease. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients with squamous cell carcinoma of anterior 2/3rd tongue received interstitial brachytherapy either as primary or as boost with Iridium 192 remote after loading high dose rate (Microselectron or Gamma MediX) machines from November 2008 to September 2013. Age group ranged from 32 to 73 years, mean 52.1. Of these 51, 37 were males and 14 were females. 8 patients belonged to Stage I, 18 from Stage II and 28 patients were Stage III. Stage I patients received primary brachytherapy alone of dose 38.50 Gy to 40 Gy and fraction dose ranged from 250 cGy to 350 cGy. Stage II and Stage III patients received external beam radiation of dose 44 Gy/200cGy per fraction for 22 fractions followed by spinal cord sparing for 6 Gy/200cGy per fraction for 3 fractions. Brachytherapy boost of dose 21 Gy was delivered after external beam radiation. Stage III patients received concurrent chemotherapy with Injection Cisplatin along with external beam radiotherapy 44 Gy/200cGy per fraction for 22 fractions followed by spinal cord sparing for 6 Gy/200cGy per fraction for 3 fractions. Brachytherapy boost of dose 21 Gy was delivered after external beam radiation. 55% of patients were habituated to tobacco and alcohol in one form or the other or both. Surprisingly 45% of patients were nonsmokers and non-alcoholic. Results: Follow-up period ranged from eight months to sixty months. 42 patients had complete response. 9 patients had residual disease. 2 patients died due to non-cancerous cause though they had excellent local control, one with pulmonary tuberculosis and the other with massive Myocardial Infarction. 2 patients died due to disease progression. Overall complete response rate was 82.35%. Those patients who had good coverage index and conformal index had good response compared to those patients with lesser these values. Conclusion: It is surprising to observe from the study that oral cavity cancers are not uncommon in non-smokers and non-alcoholics. Overall complete response of 82% is comparable to any other study quoted in literature. Surgery offers same cure rate but at the rate of organ loss and functional impairment. Organ preservation with good functional outcome is possible in radiotherapy unlike surgery. This study proves brachytherapy can be considered as a surrogate to surgery in early stage tongue cancers with good functional outcome and with lesser morbidity.

Experiences of Women Receiving Multifraction High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer: A Prospective Qualitative Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish cervical cancer patients’ expectations and experiences during high dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy procedure, as part of a process to develop guidelines for quality patient-centered care. Methodology: A prospective, qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Purposive sampling was carried out to recruit 31 women undergoing HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer from June to August 2020 at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat. Semi-structured, one-to-one interviews guided by a theme list were conducted by a female radiation oncologist in Arabic before, during and after treatment. The following aspects were discussed: expectations, experiences in the waiting room, in the treatment room, and suggestions for improvement. Data was transcribed, translated and thematic analysis performed. Results: Most of the patients felt unprepared and did not have a clear understanding of brachytherapy. Brachytherapy was a difficult experience causing fear and anxiety throughout treatment. Most women dreaded the procedure, before receiving the first treatment and even after having had one. Pain was a major problem for the participants. Some women compared this pain to childbirth, a process they preferred to brachytherapy. Patients agreed that the preventative medication received was not efficient to relieve the pain. Despite these negative experiences, patients were left with a positive outlook. Dialogue with the healthcare professionals, support from their family and fellow patients, envisaged outcomes and desires to heal were used to cope, whilst faith and spirituality gave them strength to endure the procedure. Conclusion: Women undergoing uterovaginal brachytherapy for cervical cancer experience pain and emotional distress. Providing patients with adequate information, more sensitive support during the procedure and debriefing afterwards could lessen feelings of fear and anxiety. Our findings advocate for the revision of pain management protocols. Further studies should be carried out to define patient-centered recommendations and provide quality care to this group of women.

根治性前列腺切除术与近距离放疗治疗局限性前列腺癌的预后研究

目的比较根治性前列腺切除术(RP)与低剂量率近距离放射治疗(LDR-BT)局限性前列腺癌的预后。方法收集2010年1月至2022年12月在苏州大学附属第二医院首次诊断为前列腺癌的患者临床资料,共纳入452例接受RP以及108例接受LDR-BT的局限性前列腺癌患者。RP组生化复发定义为术后随访过程中连续2次PSA>0.2 ng/ml;LDR-BT组生化复发定义为术后随访过程中PSA下降至最低点后升高2.0 ng/ml。采用Kaplan-Meier法评估分析两组生存曲线;再经倾向评分匹配调整后,选取198例(每组99例)患者,使用Log-rank检验进一步分析比较两组生存曲线的差异,并建立Cox回归模型分析影响无生化复发生存率(BRFS)的因素。结果纳入本研究的560例患者随访时间为10~156个月,中位随访时间68个月,RP组有58例患者生化复发,术后3年和5年BRFS分别为88.3%和85.7%;LDR-BT组有8例患者生化复发,术后3年和5年BRFS分别为94.1%和92.6%;两组间的BRFS差异无统计学意义(P=0.080)。对于倾向评分匹配后的198例局限性前列腺癌患者,分析结果显示LDR-BT组和RP组5年总生存期(OS)分别为90.3%和92.8%,两组间OS差异无统计学意义(P=0.295);LDR-BT组和RP组5年总BRFS分别为93.9%和82.8%,LDR-BT组BRFS高于RP组(P=0.017)。首诊总前列腺特异性抗原≤21.67 ng/ml(P=0.026)、前列腺体积≤38.4 ml(P=0.036)、前列腺特异抗原密度≤0.695 ng/ml 2(P=0.009)、BMI≤22.49 kg/m 2(P=0.008)、临床分期为T 1c~T 2b(P<0.05)的患者中,LDR-BT组BRFS显著高于RP组。多因素Cox回归分析下,选择LDR-BT治疗(HR=2.887;95%CI:1.107~7.528;P=0.030)与BRFS升高显著相关。结论对局限性前列腺癌患者而言,LDR-BT组无生化复发生存率显著高于RP组。局限性前列腺癌患者,尤其是高龄患者更适合选择LDR-BT。

Effect of ionizing radiation on dual 8-bit analog-to-digital converters (AD9058) with various dose rates and bias conditions

The radiation effects on several properties （reference voltage, digital output logic voltage, and supply current） of dual 8-bit analog-to-digital （A/D） converters （AD9058） under various biased conditions are investigated in this paper. Gamma ray and 10-MeV proton irradiation are selected for a detailed evaluation and comparison. Based on the measurement results induced by the gamma ray with various dose rates, the devices exhibit enhanced low dose rate sensitivity （ELDRS） under zero and working bias conditions. Meanwhile, it is obvious that the ELDRS is more severe under the working bias condition than under the zero bias condition. The degradation of AD9058 does not display obvious ELDRS during 10-MeV proton irradiation with the selected flux.

高剂量率^(192)Irγ射线参考辐射场的搭建

为完成高剂量率^(192)Ir放射源参考空气比释动能率的绝对测量工作,设计了专用的辐照器及定位装置,利用医用高剂量率近距离治疗机搭建了准直的参考辐射场。参考ISO 4037等相关标准,对参考辐射场的散射、辐射野、半值层、有效能量等相关参数进行了测量和研究。结果显示,在辐射场多个位置,环境散射份额小于主射束的0.003%;在距离放射源1.4 m的位置,辐射野直径为98 mm,尺寸大于基准石墨空腔电离室;半值层测量结果为8.224 mm(Cu),有效能量为402.8 keV,利用HPGe探测器测量的^(192)Ir能谱与模拟谱契合度良好。各项参数均满足了^(192)Ir近距离治疗源参考空气比释动能率的量值复现要求,为其绝对测量与国际比对工作打下基础。

局限期前列腺癌高剂量率近距离治疗联合外照射的效果分析

目的分析高剂量率近距离治疗(high-dose rate brachytherapy,HDR-BT)联合外照射在局限性前列腺癌患者中的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年1月收治的23例局限性中高危前列腺癌患者的临床资料,其中中危患者4例,高危患者19例。初始诊断最高PSA为6.6~64.3 ng/ml。患者均接受HDR-BT联合外照射及内分泌治疗,治疗后随访观察无生化进展生存率、无远处转移生存率、疾病特异性生存率、总生存率及并发症。结果本组23例明确诊断后即行前列腺癌内分泌治疗,后随即行HDR-BT联合外照射,HDR-BT处方剂量:18 Gy/6 Gy/3 f,外照射处方剂量:45~50 Gy/1.8~2.0 Gy/25 f,治疗后随访14~56个月。4例出现生化复发,2例出现远处转移,2例死亡,其中1例死于前列腺癌,1例死于其他非相关疾病。治疗后总体无生化进展生存率为82.6%,无远处转移生存率为91.3%,总生存率为91.3%,疾病特异性生存率为95.6%;3年无生化进展生存率、无远处转移生存率、总生存率及疾病特异性生存率分别为85.5%、89.3%、92.9%及92.9%。18例(78.2%)患者出现不同程度的下尿路刺激症状,未发生严重并发症。结论HDR-BT联合外照射治疗局限性中高危前列腺癌疗效肯定、创伤小,术后并发症少。

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌后装插植放疗

大多数Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者因肿瘤扩散或合并症而不适合手术。原发病灶内的局部区域控制的失败,仍然是不可切除的局部晚期NSCLC放疗后治疗失败的主要原因。对于NSCLC,肿瘤控制率随着原发灶放疗的生物效应剂量(BED)升高而增加。接受30 Gy单次放疗(BED=120 Gy)的患者有98%的局部控制率(LC)。另一项剂量反应分析显示,在120 Gy可能是比较合适和稳定的剂量。高剂量率(HDR)近距离放射疗法,又称后装插植放疗,其优势在于可以在单次分割照射中向靶区肿瘤给予高辐射剂量。随后剂量迅速下降,使照射到危及器官(OARs)的剂量保持较低的水平。此外,插植放疗抑制了肿瘤细胞的加速再增殖,导致其致死性损伤,并解决了由于器官运动或摆位确定性造成的目标偏离,避免了对OARs的不必要照射。在免疫治疗时代,胸部放疗对于保障NSCLC长期生存越发重要。HDR近距离放疗联合免疫治疗可能带来新的突破。前期临床试验也观察到良好的临床存活率和较低的急性和迟发毒性,为局部晚期NSCLC提供了一种新的治疗策略。

低剂量率近距离放射治疗局限性低/中危前列腺癌133例报告

目的：探讨并总结在局限性低/中危前列腺癌患者中采用低剂量率近距离前列腺内放射粒子植入术治疗的有效性及安全性。方法：将133例局限性前列腺癌患者分为低危组和中危组,采用近距离放射性粒子植入术治疗。术后定期进行前列腺特异性抗原（prostatic specific antigen,PSA）及影像学监测,观察术后近、远期并发症并进行分析。结果：本组患者平均术前PSA（13.45±7.1）μg/L,前列腺体积（44.37±21.43）m L,处方放射剂量（152.0±17.3）Gy。24例初始前列腺体积〉60 m L者术前接受3~6个月新辅助内分泌治疗,低危组与中危组平均年龄、前列腺体积、90%的靶区体积接受的最低剂量（D90）等方面差异均无统计学意义;两组患者国际前列腺症状评分（international prostatic symptomatic score,IPSS）术后第2个月达峰值,术后第4个月后恢复至术前水平;PSA术后第3个月开始回落。研究期间未出现影像学肿瘤进展者,低危组1例、中危组3例随访期间出现生化复发。结论：单纯以近距离内放射粒子植入术治疗早期前列腺癌术后最常见的并发症为下尿路症状,在低危及中危前列腺癌组均可获得较为满意的肿瘤无进展生存。

食管癌体外加HDR腔内放疗疗效分析

1992年5月～1994年12月体外放疗50～60Gy／5～6周加高剂量率（HDR）腔内放疗10～15Gy／4～6；k／5～9天，2.5Gy／次，Bid治疗食管鳞癌56例（综合组），与同期单纯体外放疗60～70Gy／6．5～7周52例（对照组）比较。综合组1、2年生存率和2年局控率分别为76．8％、51．8％和63．5％。明显高于对照组的42．3％、28．8％和32．6％。食管X线片示病变长度≤7cm和无食管轴向异常者，综合组3年生存率分别42．3％和40．9％，明显高于对照组的14．8％和14．3％。综合组食管瘘发生率为3．6％，晚期食管良性狭窄率为7．4％。

高剂量率近距离腔内超分割放射治疗宫颈癌的临床研究

目的采用非常规的腔内治疗分割方式,探讨方法的可行性与临床生物剂量效应。方法体外放疗+高剂量率近距离腔内放疗:体外照射采用西门子加速器6 MV X射线,全盆腔前后2野等中心技术照射,总剂量46～50 Gy,23～25次,5周,外照射全盆腔剂量30 Gy,15次时盆腔中央挡铅(4 cm×10 cm),并开始配合腔内近距离治疗,采用^(192)Ir高剂量率后装治疗机,腔内照射当天不做体外照射。腔内放疗超分割组:Ⅱb、Ⅲ期A点4 Gy/次,2次/d,两次间隔≥6 h,每5 d重复治疗1次,总计10次,3～4周,A点剂量40 Gy;腔内放疗常规分割组:Ⅱb、Ⅲ期A点6 Gy/次,1次/d,每周重复治疗1次,总计6次,6周,A点剂量36 Gy。结果 24例患者治疗结束时肿瘤局部疗效完全缓解+部分缓解为100%,1年局部控制率为95.83%。阴道反应Ⅰ度10例,Ⅱ度11例,Ⅲ度3例,无1例因反应而导致治疗非计划中断。结论体外放疗+高剂量率近距离腔内放疗方法可行,近期疗效满意,其治疗宫颈癌提高疗效、减少晚期并发症的关键是应用足够的分割(包括次数及剂量),但晚反应组织损伤、远期生存率尚待进一步随访及评诂。

支气管动脉灌注与高剂量率支气管腔内放疗联合治疗非小细胞肺癌(附27例报道)

目的: 探讨支气管动脉灌注化疗(BAI) 与高剂量率支气管腔内后装放射治疗( HDRIBB) 两项新技术联合治疗非小细胞肺癌的可行性、方法学和临床价值。材料与方法: 对27 例非小细胞肺癌采用BAI 与铱192高剂量率支气管腔内后装放射治疗两项新技术进行序贯或交替方式的联合治疗,观察主、客观近期疗效、毒副反应与并发症。结果: 24 例有临床症状的患者,71 % (17/24) 得到不同程度的改善;27 例中92 .6 % (25/27) 的患者KPS 评分提高或稳定。近期客观缓解率:CR 8 例,PR 15 例,有效率(CR+ PR) 为85 % ;病理组织学疗效:显效2 例,有效5 例,部分有效2 例。结论: 支气管动脉灌注化疗与铱192 高剂量率支气管腔内后装放射治疗联合治疗非小细胞肺癌为有效方案,有较好的近期主、客观疗效,对中央型和周围型肺癌均适用。联合治疗安全可行,毒副反应及并发症轻微。

宫颈癌高剂量率近距离治疗施源器进展

近年来,我国宫颈癌近距离放射治疗技术有了跨越式的发展。实现了从二维近距离治疗向三维近距离治疗的跨越,并逐步尝试三维自适应近距离治疗,即四维近距离放射治疗。在影像引导方面,实现了从CT引导向MR引导的跨越。本文总结了近年来宫颈癌高剂量率近距离治疗中施源器的进展,以及由施源器进展带来的临床操作、影像采集和施源器重建中的相关技术变化。

食管癌调强放射治疗结合Ir192高剂量率后装治疗的疗效及安全性研究

目的评价食管癌调强放射治疗结合Ir192高剂量率后装治疗的疗效和安全性。方法收集金华市中心医院2010至2017年食管癌放射治疗患者216例,分为调强放射治疗组(对照组)156例,调强放射治疗结合Ir192高剂量率后装治疗组(研究组)60例,根据随访结果统计1、3、5年总生存率,根据住院期间电子病历记载统计3级以上放射性食管炎及放射性肺炎发生率。结果对照组与研究组的1、3、5年总生存率分别为69%、31%、13%及83%、52%、27%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),后装加量的总生存率优于调强放射治疗。3级以上放射性食管炎及放射性肺炎发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Cox比例风险回归模型多因素分析提示,性别和是否结合Ir192高剂量率后装治疗是食管癌患者总生存时间(OS)的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论食管癌调强放射治疗结合Ir192高剂量率后装治疗能提高食管癌放射治疗疗效,安全性良好。

后程加速超分割放疗联合奈达铂治疗老年食管癌的临床观察

目的观察后程加速超分割放疗(late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy,LCAHRT)联合奈达铂周化疗治疗老年食管癌的有效性及安全性。方法46例初治老年食管癌(≥70岁)患者按照随机数字表法分为LCAHRT组和LCAHRT同步化疗(LCAHRT plus concurrent chemotherapy,LCAHRT+C)组,各23例。LCAHRT组患者采用影像引导调强适形精确放疗治疗,6 MV-X线,4~5个共面或非共面适形照射野,前程肿瘤靶区(gross target volume,GTV)2.0 Gy/F,DT总量40 Gy/20 F;临床靶区(clinical target volume,CTV)1.8 Gy/F,DT总量36 Gy/20 F;后程加速超分割GTV 1.5 Gy/F,DT总量18 Gy/12 F,CTV 1.2 Gy/F,DT总量14.4 Gy/12 F;2 F/d,2次间隔>6 h。LCAHRT+C组在此基础上行同步单药奈达铂周化疗。随访7~47个月,比较两组之间的近期有效率、不良反应发生率、局部控制率、生存率及死亡原因差异。结果LCAHRT+C组与LCAHRT组完全缓解率(complete response,CR)分别为60.9%和30.4%(P=0.038),总有效率分别为87.0%和60.9%(P=0.044)。LCAHRT+C组恶心/呕吐、放射性食管炎和治疗后期体质量下降发生率均高于LCAHRT组(均P<0.05)。LCAHRT+C组与LCAHRT组中位局部控制时间分别为(23.5±10.2)个月和(18.0±10.6)个月(P<0.01),1、2和3年局部控制率分别为73.9%、60.8%、38.8%和56.2%、39.1%、17.4%(P=0.047),中位生存期分别为(25.6±9.3)个月和(19.6±10.2)个月(P=0.066),1、2和3年生存率分别为82.6%、60.9%、39.1%和65.2%、34.8%、21.7%(P=0.064)。全组共死亡32例,肿瘤局部复发进展为LCAHRT组的主要死亡原因,占比高于LCAHRT+C组(P=0.017),治疗相关不良反应所致的死亡占比LCAHRT+C组高于LCAHRT组(P=0.042)。结论LCAHRT同步奈达铂化疗治疗老年食管鳞癌近期疗效肯定,不良反应可耐受,局部控制率较单纯LCAHRT提高,但长期生存率无获益。

放疗后复发宫颈癌的高剂量率组织间插植治疗研究现状

放疗后盆腔中央型复发的宫颈癌患者,采用高剂量率组织间插植近距离治疗是一种可行的方式。患者损伤小,并保留了器官完整性。但适应证、治疗剂量和危及器官限量均无明确界定。目前研究样本量小,但给予我们一定的治疗提示。肿瘤大小、治疗剂量、放疗间隔时间、临床分期均会对患者预后产生一定的影响。合并危险因素越多,预后越差,治疗获益越低。