Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Applications for Biological Wastewater Treatment： A Review of Research and Developments

Wastewater treatment is a process that is vital to protecting both the environment and human health. At present, the most cost-effective way of treating wastewater is with biological treatment processes such as the activated sludge process, despite their long operating times. However, population increases have created a demand for more efficient means of wastewater treatment, Fluidization has been demonstrated to in- crease the efficiency of many processes in chemical and biochemical engineering, but it has not been widely used in large-scale wastewater treatment. At the University of Western Ontario, the circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor （CFBBR） was developed for treating wastewater. In this process, carrier particles develop a biofilm composed of bacteria and other microbes. The excellent mixing and mass transfer characteristics inherent to fluidization make this process very effective at treating both municipal and industrial wastewater. Studies of lab- and pilot-scale systems showed that the CFBBR can remove over 90% of the influent organic matter and 80% of the nitrogen, and produces less than one-third as much biological sludge as the activated sludge process. Due to its high efficiency, the CFBBR can also be used to treat wastewaters with high organic solid concentrations, which are more difficult to treat with conventional methods because they require longer residence times; the CFBBR can also be used to reduce the system size and footprint. In addition, it is much better at handling and recovering from dynamic loadings （i.e., varying influent volume and concentrations） than current systems. Overall, the CFBBR has been shown to be a very effective means of treating wastewa- ter, and to be capable of treating larger volumes of wastewater using a smaller reactor volume and a shorter residence time. In addition, its compact design holds potential for more geographically localized and isolat- ed wastewater treatment systems.

生物生态集成技术去除村镇生活污水中总氮及化学需氧量研究

农村生活污水具有排放分散,以有机耗氧污染和氮、磷污染为主,生化降解性好,氮、磷含量高等特点,其处理要求低投资、低能耗、低运行费、维护简单,因而现有技术难以适应。为此,采用物理沉降、固定化微生物、太阳能增氧和人工湿地等多项技术优化集成,构建出一个高效低耗的链式生物生态净化系统,并在天津市蓟县刘相营村建成了日处理能力为4000m3·d-1的农村生活污水处理示范工程。通过近一年的监测结果表明,该集成工艺具有非常高的耐冲击负荷能力和净化效果:出水TN浓度稳定在0.82～1.4mg·L-1之间,去除率达到90.08%～98.68%;出水CODCr浓度稳定在30mg·L-1以下,去除率达到84.53%～96.74%。该示范工程截污减排效果明显,而且管理维护方便、能耗小、运行费用低。

水产养殖废水处理技术及研究进展

水产养殖业在我国发展迅速且为用水大户,其养殖外排废水造成了如富营养化及生态系统失衡等若干环境污染问题。为保护水资源及生态环境,水产养殖废水的环保处理及循环利用是该行业可持续发展的必要前提及有力保障。在介绍水产养殖废水污染现状的基础上,综述了该类废水的典型处理技术,包括物理化学法、生物法及集成处理技术,并对水产养殖废水的集成处理工艺进行了展望。

四种农村生活污水处理工艺比较

农村生活污水污染问题日益严重,如何根据农村现状选择合适的处理技术显得尤为重要。通过比较上海南汇地区4种已经运行污水处理工艺的效果、管理、投资等,以期为类似地区农村生活污水处理工艺的选择提供参考。结果表明,一体化生物集成工艺可保障废水处理效果,而一体化集成工艺与人工湿地组合工艺则具有很强的耐冲击能力,处理效果稳定;两种方式都可以获得75%以上COD和BOD5去除率,对氨氮去除率超过70%,出水达到上海市污水综合排放标准(DB 31/199-2009)二级标准。农村生活污水治理应因地制宜采用不同的处理工艺,并尽可能集中建污水处理设施以降地建设成本和运行成本。

某农村生活污水治理工程设计方法的介绍

针对农村生活污水是造成农村水环境污染最重要的原因,且会随着农村生活方式的改变而加剧,而对其进行治理又是我国社会主义新农村建设的重要内容,本文以某农村治理模式的工程为例,对比分析了几种不同的污水处理工艺及其相互之间的组合利用方式和预计可以实现的排放标准,这为该类型其他工程今后的建设和改进提供了可以参考的依据。同时,工程整体的设计和运营管理模式的选择为工程可多年稳定地建设实施奠定了可靠的基础,这对加速推进该项国家任务的进程有着决定性的作用。