Effects of Biological Bacterial Fertilizer on Carbon Metabolism Characteristics of Rhizosphere Soil Bacteria in Rice

The effects of biological bacterial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on carbon metabolism characteristics of rhizosphere soil bacteria in rice were studied through a plot experiment.The results showed that the number and Mcintosh index of bacteria in rice rhizosphere soil increased significantly with the application of biological bacterial fertilizer.It was found that the AWCD(average well color development)value of the bacteria remarkably increased and the decomposition of carboxylic acids,amines and heterozygotes were accelerated when adding biological bacterial fertilizer at a proper weight percent.All in all,proper addition of biological bacterial fertilizer could increase the number and carbon metabolism of bacteria.The most appropriate application rate was 70%chemical fertilizer nitrogen+30%biological bacterial fertilizer nitrogen for rice production in Northern Jiangsu Province.

Biological Toxicity of Sewage Sludge Stabilized by Reed Bed on the Luminescent Bacteria

With the expanding scale of urban wastewater treatment, the resulting excess sludge quantity is also growing. Excess sludge treatment and disposal has become an important part of the sewage treatment. Sludge itself is rich in essential nutrients of plant growth such as nitrogen and phosphorus, so it’s a good organic fertilizer;but it often also contains harmful substances such as heavy metals. If the sludge treatment is not good, it not only can bring secondary pollution to the environment, but also can cause the waste of resources. Luminescent bacteria tests are conducted in this research by comparing the effects on the absorption and transformation of toxic substances between traditional sludge drying bed and reed bed. The study finds that the biological toxicity of surface layer sludge either in reed bed or in traditional drying bed has little change with the seasons and maintains in low level. While the biological toxicity in the bottom of sludge has change with the seasons and achieves the lowest level in summer and fall, and the biological toxicity of sludge in reed bed is lower than that of traditional drying bed.

Biological Characteristics and Research Status of Acetic Acid Bacteria for Fruit Vinegar Brewing

Fruit vinegar is a new beverage emerging in recent years because of its rich nutrition. At present, acetic acid bacteria are main strains used in the fruit vinegar production. Acetic acid bacteria are a general term for a class of bacteria that can oxidize ethanol to acetic acid. This paper mainly summarized the biological characteristics and research status of acetic acid bacteria for fruit vinegar brewing, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of high-quality acetic acid bacteria for fruit vinegar brewing.

Effects of Photosynthetic Bacteria-enhanced Biological Floc Replacement Diets on Tilapia Growth,Water Environment and Water Microbial Diversity

With Oreochromis niloticus as the object of study,glucose was added as a carbon source to promote the formation of the biological flocs for replacing part of the feed,and three gradients were set up,namely Group A(all feed),Group B(replacement of 10%feed)and Group C(replacement of 20%feed),so as to explore the effects of photosynthetic bacteria-enhanced biological flocs on tilapia growth and water environment conditions.Meanwhile,the Biolog-ECO technology was applied to study the changes of microbial carbon metabolism diversity in aquaculture water.The results showed that the utilization of microbial carbon sources under different feed replacement gradients increased with the extension of the culture time.The overall performance was in order of 10%replacement>all feed>20%feed replacement.A suitable replacement rate could not only enhance the overall utilization of carbon sources by water microorganisms,but also save culture costs.The principal component analysis showed that the carbon source metabolism of the water microbial communities under different feed replacement gradients was significantly different.Specifically,polysaccharides,esters and amino acids were the preferred carbon sources of water microbes,while the utilization of amines and acids was low.

Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Applications for Biological Wastewater Treatment： A Review of Research and Developments

Wastewater treatment is a process that is vital to protecting both the environment and human health. At present, the most cost-effective way of treating wastewater is with biological treatment processes such as the activated sludge process, despite their long operating times. However, population increases have created a demand for more efficient means of wastewater treatment, Fluidization has been demonstrated to in- crease the efficiency of many processes in chemical and biochemical engineering, but it has not been widely used in large-scale wastewater treatment. At the University of Western Ontario, the circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor （CFBBR） was developed for treating wastewater. In this process, carrier particles develop a biofilm composed of bacteria and other microbes. The excellent mixing and mass transfer characteristics inherent to fluidization make this process very effective at treating both municipal and industrial wastewater. Studies of lab- and pilot-scale systems showed that the CFBBR can remove over 90% of the influent organic matter and 80% of the nitrogen, and produces less than one-third as much biological sludge as the activated sludge process. Due to its high efficiency, the CFBBR can also be used to treat wastewaters with high organic solid concentrations, which are more difficult to treat with conventional methods because they require longer residence times; the CFBBR can also be used to reduce the system size and footprint. In addition, it is much better at handling and recovering from dynamic loadings （i.e., varying influent volume and concentrations） than current systems. Overall, the CFBBR has been shown to be a very effective means of treating wastewa- ter, and to be capable of treating larger volumes of wastewater using a smaller reactor volume and a shorter residence time. In addition, its compact design holds potential for more geographically localized and isolat- ed wastewater treatment systems.

Biological characteristics of marine bacterium S-9801 strain and its culture conditions of pigment production

Strain of Flavobacterium sp.(S-9801),was screened from 207 strains of marine bacteria isolated from the Bohai Sea continental shelf and the Zhujiang Estuary,for its red pigment production.The biological characteristics of strain S-9801 and culture conditions of pigment production have been checked out in this study. The color of the bacterial colony on 2216E medium was from coccineus to rose bengal. Optimum culture conditions were sodium chloride concentration(g/dm3),10～30;pH,3～8;temperature,25～28℃;tryptone and yeast extract as nitrogen sources and glucose as carbon source. Under optimum conditions,pigment accumulation started after 12 h,reaching a maximum rate of synthesis at 36 h.

Fire Blight Disease Caused by Erwinia amylovora on Rosaceae Plants in Kyrgyzstan and Biological Agents to Control This Disease

Erwinia amylovora species were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical and pathogenicity tests, alongside PCR analyses, were conducted to identify the local isolates of Erwinia amylovora. The alternative antagonistic microorganisms which combat bacterium E. amylovora were tested within in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed the ability of Streptomyces antagonistic bacteria to decrease fire blight severity on pear and apple trees during the first stage of the fire blight disease in leaf tissues. Streptomyces strain C1-4 suppressed E. amylovora disease symptoms in the leaf tissues and excised apple and pear shoots. The incidence of fire blight on leaves was reduced by about 70% with two applications of bacterial antagonists. Further studies at different locations in Kyrgyzstan, using large scale application, would allow for stronger recommendations to be made, including studies and recommendations on their ability to prevent disease and to use them as main components in an integrated pest management program.

Biological treatment of wastewater with high concentrations of zinc and sulfate ions from zinc pyrithione synthesis

An enriched and domesticated bacteria consortium of sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)was used to treat wastewater from zinc pyrithione(ZPT)production,and the effects of different reaction parameters on sulfate reduction and zinc precipitation were evaluated.The single-factor experimental results showed that the removal rates of Zn2+and24SO?decreased with an increased ZPT concentration ranging from3.0to5.0mg/L.Zn2+and24SO?in wastewater were effectively removed under the conditions of30?35°C,pH7?8and an inoculum concentration of10%?25%.The presence of Fe0in the SRB system enhanced Zn2+and24SO?removal and may increase the resistance of SRB to the toxicity of Zn2+and ZPT in wastewater.A Box?Behnken design was used to evaluate the influence of the main operating parameters on the removal rate of24SO?.The optimum parameter values were found to be pH7.45,33.61°C and ZPT concentration of0.62mg/L,and the removal rate of24SO?reached a maximum of91.62%under these optimum conditions.

Biological effects of indoor sunlight in ruraldweling houses

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Biolog微生物自动分析系统——细菌鉴定操作规程的研究

Biolog微生物自动分析系统是美国Biolog公司研制开发的新型自动化快速微生物鉴定系统,以细菌对微平板上95种碳源的利用情况为基础从而进行微生物鉴定。目前我国已经累计引进100余台,但使用率较低。文中在总结实践经验的基础上,参阅最新Biolog系统操作手册4.2版和国家微生物资源平台技术规程的统一格式,研究制定了细菌鉴定的操作规程,以规范系统使用,获得准确鉴定结果,尽快提高我国Biolog系统的应用水平。

秦岭山区无机磷细菌筛选及其Biolog和分子生物学鉴定

为获得具有高解磷活性,可用于微生物肥料研制和生产的无机磷细菌菌株资源,采用平板溶磷圈法,从秦岭山区植物根际土壤样品中筛选获得3株高效无机磷细菌,命名为NO.9、NO.15、NO.17,根据钼锑抗比色法,培养5 d后,检测菌株发酵液,确定3株细菌的可溶性磷含量分别为98.12、80.37 mg/L和104.91 mg/L,微生物量磷含量分别为62.85、53.61、36.59 mg/L。生理生化特征、Biolog和16S rDNA鉴定结果表明,3株细菌均属于革兰氏阴性非肠道菌,NO.9菌株为Inquilinus ginsengisoli,NO.15菌株为醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus),NO.17菌株为荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)。

BIOLOG碳源筛选与分离技术结合研究新疆哈密南湖嗜盐菌多样性

[目的]获得新疆哈密南湖的嗜盐菌,并分析其生物多样性,以期为分离培养基碳源设计引入一种快速可行的方法.[方法]利用BIOLOG筛选碳源并结合可培养方法分离哈密南湖中的嗜盐菌,通过16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析法初步确定所分离菌株的分类地位,获得嗜盐菌的多样性信息.[结果]BIOLOG方法筛选出5种碳源,分别为海藻糖、蔗糖、柠檬酸、甘油和甘露醇.通过将筛选碳源添加至分离培养基的方法,共分离得到细菌和放线菌27株,分属于细菌域中3个门7个科14个属.多数菌株归属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),最优势菌株属于薄壁芽孢杆菌属(Gracilibacillus).其中6株菌株的16S rRNA基因序列与最近缘种的同源性在94.24％～96.86％,可能为潜在的新种或新属.[结论]新疆哈密南湖嗜盐细菌和放线菌都具有较为丰富的生物多样性,其嗜盐菌主要以薄壁芽孢杆菌和盐单胞菌为主,并且该地区可能含有丰富的嗜盐菌新物种,具有进一步开发研究价值.

拮抗大豆根腐病细菌的Biolog鉴定

为明确2株生防细菌的分类地位,采用传统形态学方法结合Biolog微生物自动分析系统,鉴定了大豆根腐病的2株生防细菌。结果表明,菌株B021a与塔式弧菌相似度值为0.634,可能性是86%,遗传距离为4.00。菌株B04b与海藻巴斯德菌相似度值为0.610,可能性是75%,遗传距离为2.77。综合形态学和Biolog鉴定结果,认为菌株B021a是塔式弧菌,菌株B04b是海藻巴斯德菌。

大曲中细菌和酵母菌的分离及其Biolog微生物系统分析鉴定

[目的]初步探讨Biolog微生物自动分析系统在大曲细菌、酵母菌鉴定中的应用。[方法]利用稀释平板法,采用营养琼脂培养基和麦芽汁培养基,分别对单粮型大曲样品中的细菌和酵母菌进行分离培养。对分离纯化的细菌和酵母菌,经菌落观察和镜检后,利用Biolog微生物自动分析系统对其进行鉴定。[结果]从大曲单个菌落样品中分别分离出7株纯化的细菌菌株和4株纯化的酵母菌株,经Biolog微生物自动分析系统,确定其中5株细菌分别为：M1为短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus）、M2为青岛芽孢杆菌（Bacillus qingdaonen-sis）、M3为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）、M4为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）、M5为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megateri-um）;确定其中2株酵母菌分别为：N1为产香酵母（Zygosaccharomyces cidri）;N2为布拉酵母菌（Saccharomyces boulardii）。[结论]该研究为大曲中的微生物分析奠定了基础。

植物病原细菌的BIOLOG系统鉴定及其多元统计初析

利用Biolog细菌鉴定系统对我国水稻上几种条斑病菌及其相关菌株进行了快速鉴定研究。结果表明 16株供试菌株中 12株准确鉴定到种或致病变种 ,有 4株鉴定到属。聚类分析显示李氏禾条斑病菌和“稻短条斑病菌”的Biolog代谢指纹相似性高 ,与小麦黑颖病菌 (TAS)亲缘关系较近 ,而与水稻条斑病菌、稻白叶枯病菌具有明显差异。使用多元统计分析方法对供试菌株的Biolog代谢指纹进行比较研究 ,通过聚类分析和主成份分析不仅能够区分菌株间的显著差异 ,而且依据因子权重值可筛选出具有鉴别价值的碳源。

利用BIOLOG系统对不同种类细菌鉴定的研究

为完善细菌鉴定工作,本试验通过利用B IOLOG细菌自动微生物分析系统(简称B I-OLOG系统)对13株大肠杆菌、15株巴氏杆菌和7株金黄色葡萄球菌进行了鉴定,并与传统方法[1]包括形态学观察、革兰氏染色、生化实验等的鉴定结果进行了比对。实验结果表明,与传统方法相比B IOLOG系统具有准确、快捷、简便的优点,同时也有一定的局限性,从而为B IOLOG系统的更好使用提供了实验依据。

Biolog鉴定产氢发酵细菌及其产氢能力的研究

采用厌氧培养技术,从厌氧活性污泥中分离得到一株产氢发酵细菌。利用B iolog自动菌种鉴定仪对该产氢发酵细菌作了鉴定分析,确定了其在细菌学上的分类地位,新分离菌株C lostridium papyrosolvens为生物制氢分离鉴定纯产氢菌种提供了指导,该菌株为专性厌氧杆菌,蔗糖发酵液体末端主要产物为乙醇、乙酸,气相产物为H2和CO2,代谢特征为乙醇型发酵,在pH 6.0和36℃条件下最大产氢量为72 mL H2/g蔗糖。

不同促生菌剂对柴达木枸杞土壤生物学特性的影响

为探究有机肥配施促生菌剂对柴达木地区高垄栽培有机枸杞生长发育及土壤性状的影响,以诺木洪实验区枸杞‘宁杞7-8号’为试验材料,设对照(CK,施有机肥)、有机肥配施哈茨木霉菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和胶冻样芽孢杆菌4种不同促生菌剂,共5个处理,比较不同处理对有机枸杞生长及其栽培土壤特性的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,有机肥配施促生菌剂可不同程度提升枸杞的树高、地径、SPAD值、根系活力、净光合速率(P n)等参数,其中枯草芽孢杆菌处理下树高、根系活力、P n和单株产量较CK提升最高,增幅分别为13.4%、46.7%、37.1%和36.3%;不同菌剂处理均明显降低了土壤pH值、电导率和微生物碳氮比,胶冻样芽孢杆菌处理效果最明显,较CK分别降低9.0%、51.9%和45.3%。不同菌剂处理还可显著提升土壤有机质含量、速效养分含量、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量,其中枯草芽孢杆菌处理下,土壤有机质和碱解氮含量较CK分别增加26.3%和9.8%,土壤脲酶活性和微生物总数较CK分别增加35.7%和26.6%。通过对土壤生物学特性的主成分分析,综合得出有机肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌处理对柴达木有机枸杞栽培土壤的肥力水平促进效果最佳。

Al(Ⅲ)和细菌引起的含水层化学-生物复合堵塞机理研究

在采用人工回灌方法建设地下水库储存地下水的过程中,回灌水中三价铝[Al(Ⅲ)]和细菌共同作用下引发的化学-生物复合堵塞问题突出且复杂,然而目前对其研究较少。本研究通过渗流试验模拟人工回灌过程,探究了细菌与0.05,0.20,0.60 mg/L Al(Ⅲ)共存条件下含水层的复合堵塞机制。研究结果表明,回灌水中Al(Ⅲ)可以改变石英砂的表面形态,促使含铝化合物生成化学沉淀。Si—O—Al键的生成证明Al(Ⅲ)的加入可以引起含水层化学堵塞。回灌水中不同浓度Al(Ⅲ)对堵塞的影响机制不同。0.05,0.20 mg/L较低浓度Al(Ⅲ)对细菌活性有抑制作用,减少细菌团聚,整体上降低了对生物堵塞贡献大的菌属占比,缓解了生物堵塞。0.60 mg/L高浓度Al(Ⅲ)会刺激细菌产生胞外聚合物,将大部分分散的细菌桥联,加剧生物堵塞。石英砂表面含铝化合物片状沉积物与细菌形态明显,可见含水层发生了化学-生物复合堵塞。本研究通过深入探讨Al(Ⅲ)和细菌与堵塞效应之间的关系,可以为优化回灌过程的设计和管理提供理论基础,进而保障地下水可持续利用。

产氢发酵细菌的Biolog菌种鉴定与产氢能力

采用厌氧培养技术,从厌氧活性污泥中分离得到一株产氢发酵细菌。利用Biolog自动菌种鉴定仪对该产氢发酵细菌作了鉴定分析,确定了其在细菌学上的分类地位,新分离菌株Lactobacillus hilgardii(希氏乳杆菌)为生物制氢分离鉴定纯产氢菌种提供了指导。该株细菌为专性厌氧杆菌,蔗糖发酵液体末端主要产物为乙醇、乙酸,气相产物为H2和CO2,代谢特征为乙醇型发酵,在pH值为6.0和36℃条件下最大产氢量为58 mL H2.g-1蔗糖。