Numerical simulation of 80 ℃ temperature field distribution of thick plate multi-pass welding with SYSWELD

The PPG PITT-CHAR XP flame retardant system has been used by COOEC to preventing the thermal softening of steel in the high temperature,whose degradation temperature is 80 ℃.To prevent damage to PPG PITT-CHAR XP fire retardant paint from excessive heat during welding,it is necessary to get accurately reserved area near the welding joints prior to welding. For the foregoing reasons,the 80 ℃ temperature field distribution of thick plate multi-pass welding was analyzed with SYSWELD.The influence of welding groove form and time interval on welding temperature field was also analyzed. Results showed that the range of 80 ℃ welding temperature field increased with the increasing of weld layers at first and then it inclined to stable value. Interpass time setting was crucial to control the range of 80 ℃ welding temperature field. It was also found that double V groove had better thermal diffusivity than double-bevel groove.And double-bevel groove was better than single V groove.

Influence of porosity distribution on nonlinear free vibration and transient responses of porous functionally graded skew plates

This article deals with the investigation of the effects of porosity distributions on nonlinear free vibration and transient analysis of porous functionally graded skew(PFGS)plates.The effective material properties of the PFGS plates are obtained from the modified power-law equations in which gradation varies through the thickness of the PFGS plate.A nonlinear finite element(FE)formulation for the overall PFGS plate is derived by adopting first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT)in conjunction with von Karman’s nonlinear strain displacement relations.The governing equations of the PFGS plate are derived using the principle of virtual work.The direct iterative method and Newmark’s integration technique are espoused to solve nonlinear mathematical relations.The influences of the porosity distributions and porosity parameter indices on the nonlinear frequency responses of the PFGS plate for different skew angles are studied in various parameters.The effects of volume fraction grading index and skew angle on the plate’s nonlinear dynamic responses for various porosity distributions are illustrated in detail.

Experimental Research on Flow Maldistribution in Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers

The flow maldistribution and the effect of different inlet configuration on the flow distribution in platefin heat exchangers were studied experimentally. It is found that the flow maldistribution is serious because of the defects of inlet configurations, while the inlet configuration and Reynolds number are the main factors affecting the flow distribution. The improved inlet configurations, which are the header with a two-stage distributing configuration and the guide vane with a fluid complementary cavity were proposed and tested in this paper. The experimental results show that the improved inlet configurations can effectively improve the performance of flow distribution in heat exchangers.

NUMERICAL STUDY ON FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGERS

Objective To investigate the flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers and optimize the design of header configuration for plate fin heat exchangers. Methods A mathematical model of header was proposed. The effects of the header configuration on the flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers were investigated by CFD. The second header configuration with a two stage distributing structure was brought forward to improve the performance of flow distribution. Results It is found that the flow maldistribution is very serious in the direction of header length for the conventional header used in industry. The numerical predictions indicate that the improved header configurations can effectively improve the performance of flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers. Conclusion The numerical simulation confirms that CFD should be a suitable tool for predicting the flow distribution. The method has a wide variety of applications in the design of plate fin heat exchangers.

Distribution of Inherent Strains and Residual Stressesin Medium Thickness Plate Weldment

A fundamental theory for the analysis of residual welding stresses and deformation based on the inherent strain distribution along the welded joint is introduced. Distribution of inherent strains and longitudinal residual stresses in medium thickness plate weldment is calculated and analyzed. A new method of calculating inherent strains and longitudinal residual stresses is proposed.

High-Efficiency Generation of 0.12 mJ, 8.6 Fs Pulses at 400 nm Based on Spectral Broadening in Solid Thin Plates

We demonstrate eftlcient generation of continuous spectrum centered at 40Ohm from solid thin plates. By frequency doubling of 0.8m J, 3Ors Ti：sapphire laser pulses with a BBO crystal, 0.2m J, 33fs laser pulses at 400nm are generated. Focusing the 400-nm pulses into 7 thin fused silica plates, we obtain 0.15mJ continuous spectrum covering 350-450 nm. After compressing by 3 pairs of chirped mirrors, 0. 12 m J, 8.6 fs pulses are achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that sub-10-fs pulses centered at 400nm are generated by solid thin plates, which shows that spectral broadening in solid-state materials works not only at 800nm but also at different wavelengths.

Short-Term Kinematics of the Adria Plate and Space-Time Distribution of Major Peri-Adriatic Earthquakes

Seismic activity is quite strong in the peri-Adriatic zones, whereas the internal part of the Adria plate is almost aseismic. This pattern suggests that Adria is a solid block that interacts with the surrounding belts, trying to move roughly northward. Each major earthquake in a peri-Adriatic zone triggers the acceleration of the decoupled Adria sector, which induces a perturbation of the stress/strain fields in the still blocked boundaries of the plate. Step by step, the displacement of Adria involves more and more northern zones to finally reach the northern front of the plate (eastern Southern Alps). This interpretation seems to be compatible with the time patterns of seismic activity in the main peri-Adriatic zones since 1600 A.D., which may suggest repeated northward migrations of seismic crises. Each supposed migrating sequence involves major earthquakes in most zones. The main features of the first 4 seismic sequences (1600-1930) are used to get insights into possible regularities in the progressive activations of the peri-Adriatic zones. This information and the main features of the ongoing migrating sequence (since 1931) are then used to tentatively recognize the peri-Adriatic zones where the occurrence of next major earthquakes may be most likely.

Variation of singularity of earthquake-size distribution with respect to tectonic regime

Frequency-size relation of earthquakes in a region can be approximated by the Gutenberg-Richter law(GR). This power-law model involves two parameters: a-value measuring seismic activity or earthquake productivity, and b-value describing the relation between frequencies of small and large earthquakes.The spatial and temporal variations of these two parameters, especially the b-value, have been substantially investigated. For example, it has been shown that b-value depends inversely on differential stress. The b-value has also been utilized as earthquake precursor in large earthquake prediction.However, the physical meaning and properties of b-value including its value range still remain as an open fundamental question. We explore the property of b-value from frequency-size GR model in a new form which relates average energy release and probability of large earthquakes. Based on this new form of GR relation the b-value can be related to the singularity index(1-2/3 b) of fractal energy-probability power-law model. This model as applied to the global database of earthquakes with size M ≥ 5 from 1964 to 2015 indicates a systematic increase of singularity from earthquakes occurring on mid-ocean ridges, to those in subduction zones and in collision zones.

Investigation on fracture models and ground pressure distribution of thick hard rock strata including weak interlayer

Dynamic disasters,such as rock burst due to the breaking of large area stiff roof strata,are known to occur in the hard rock strata of coal mines.In this paper,mechanical models of the fracturing processes of thick hard rock strata were established based on the thick plate theory and numerical simulations.The results demonstrated that,based on the fracture characteristics of the thick hard rock strata,four fracture models could be analyzed in detail,and the corresponding theoretical failure criteria were determined in detail.In addition,the influence of weak interlayer position on the fracture models and ground pressure of rock strata is deeply analyzed,and six numerical simulation schemes have been implemented.The results showed that the working face pressure caused by the independent movement of the lower layer is relatively low.The different fracture type of the thick hard rock strata had different demands on the working resistance of the hydraulic powered supports.The working resistance of the hydraulic powered supports required by the stratified movements was lower than that of the non-stratified movements.

Evolution of lithofacies and paleogeography and hydrocarbon distribution worldwide(Ⅱ)

Based on the compilation and analysis of the lithofacies and paleogeography distribution maps at present and paleoplate locations during six key geological periods of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic,the lithofacies and paleogeography features and their development laws were expounded.Based on our previous research results on lithofacies and paleogeography from Precambrian to Paleozoic,we systematically studied the features and evolution laws of global lithofacies and paleogeography from the Precambrian and their effects on the formation of source rocks,reservoirs,cap rocks and the distribution of oil and gas worldwide.The results show that since Precambrian,the distribution areas of uplift erosion and terrestrial clastic deposition tended to increase gradually,and increased significantly during the period of continental growth.The scale of coastal and shallow marine facies area had three distinct cycles,namely,from Precambrian to Devonian,from Carboniferous to Triassic,and from Jurassic to Neogene.Correspondingly,the development of shallow carbonate platform also showed three cycles;the lacustrine facies onshore was relatively developed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic;the sabkha was mainly developed in the Devonian,Permian and Triassic.The Cretaceous is the most important source rock layers in the world,followed by the Jurassic and Paleogene source rocks;the clastic reservoirs have more oil and gas than the carbonate reservoirs;the basins with shale caprocks have the widest distribution,the most abundant reserves of oil and gas,and the evaporite caprocks have the strongest sealing capacity,which can seal some huge oil and gas fields.

Evolution of lithofacies and paleogeography and hydrocarbon distribution worldwide(I)

By using a large amount of geological and geophysical data, the geological characteristics such as lithofacies and paleogeography of 4981 geological units at thirteen key geological periods or epoches since the Precambrian in the world have been figured out. The global lithofacies and paleogeography charts have been compiled by ArcGis mapping technology. Combined with the results of plate-paleogeography reconstruction, the lithofacies and paleogeography as well as the prototype basins of these global paleoplates have been restored with the Gplate software. Results show that there are 22 kinds of lithofacies combinations and 10 types of paleogeography units developed since Precambrian. These features of lithofacies and paleogeography as well as their evolution were mainly controlled by the divergent and convergent movements of those plates. Taking the results of the lithofacis and paleogeography at the present and paleoplate location during the seven key geological periods from the Precambrian to Paleozoic for example, during the Late Precambrian and Cambrian, the large-scale disintegration of the Rodinia supercontinent resulted in reduction of uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies area, the expansion of coastal-shallow marine facies and shallow-water carbonate platform. In Devonian, uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies area began to increase and littoral-shallow marine facies area and shallow-water carbonate platform shrank as a result of the formation of Larussia supercontinent. In the Permian, with the formation of the Pangea continent, the development of the global uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies reached its peak, while the littoral and shallow marine facies were very limited in distribution. The lithofacies and paleogeography features and evolution patterns of different stages lay a solid foundation for analyzing the formation conditions of geological elements, such as source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks for oil and gas accumulation, and revealing the distribution regularity of oil and gas around the world.

Acoustic CT system for temperature distribution measurement

In this paper, a measurement method for cross-sectional temperature distribution is addressed. A novel method based on an acoustic CT technique is proposed. Specifically, the temperature distributions are estimated using the time of flight data of several ultrasonic propagation paths. The times of the flight data contain both temperature and wind effect, and the method to select only temperature component is introduced. A filtered back projection method is applied to reconstruct the temperature distributions from the time of flight data. An experimental system was designed and fabricated to realize simultaneous temperature and wind velocity distribution measurements. Through this system, the effectiveness of the proposed measurement method is confirmed.

Logistic Regression for Prediction and Diagnosis of Bacterial Regrowth in Water Distribution System

This paper focuses on the quantitative expression of bacterial regrowth in water distribution system. Considering public health risks of bacterial regrowth,the experiment was performed on a distribution system of selected area.Physical,chemical,and microbiological parameters such as turbidity,temperature,residual chlorine and pH were measured over a three-month period and correlation analysis was carried out.Combined with principal components analysis(PCA) ,a logistic regression model is developed to predict and diagnose bacterial regrowth and locate the zones with high risks of microbiology in the distribution system.The model gives the probability of bacterial regrowth with the number of heterotrophic plate counts as the binary response variable and three new principal components variables as the explanatory variables.The veracity of the logistic regression model was 90%,which meets the precision requirement of the model.

TP304/Q235不锈钢复合钢板焊接组织性能研究

采用焊条电弧焊以及埋弧焊工艺对TP304/Q235复合钢板进行焊接试验,研究了焊接接头的显微组织、合金元素分布、力学性能和显微硬度。试验结果表明:复合钢板复层TP304焊缝和基层Q235焊缝的显微组织分别为奥氏体+铁素体(伴有魏氏组织)和铁素体+珠光体。复层TP304母材侧合金元素Cr、Ni的质量分数低于复层焊缝侧,随着距离复层母材位置的增加,Cr、Ni的质量分数表现出了缓慢上升的趋向,整体呈阶梯状分布。复合板接头抗拉强度处于TP304母材和Q235母材之间,且断裂位置为母材处。复层TP304侧焊接接头和基层Q235侧焊接接头的显微硬度分布趋势相似,表现为热影响区和焊缝金属的硬度值高于母材,且峰值都出现在热影响区内,分别为265 HV左右和440 HV左右。综上所述,在本次试验研究条件下,所得到的TP304/Q235复合钢板组织性能优越,保证了接头质量,为不锈钢复合钢板在化工生产和石油管道等领域的应用积累了经验。

四边固支板在均布荷载作用下的剪力分布规律

沉箱底板抗剪往往需要控制底板厚度,而现有剪力分布规律研究较少,针对此问题采用有限元方法进行不同组合工况的计算,研究四边固支板在均布荷载作用下,板边最大剪力分布以及最大剪力随板厚、边长、长宽比的变化关系,得出最大剪力与平均剪力之比的一般规律。研究结果表明:板边剪力分布呈类抛物线形,板边最大剪力值小于弹性薄板理论计算的最大剪力值;相同尺度和荷载情况下,矩形板厚度增大其板边最大剪力值将有所减小;矩形板尺度增大,板边最大剪力值将迅速增大且最大剪力与平均剪力之比也有所增大;对于常用沉箱纵横隔墙间距和底板厚度,板边最大剪力与平均剪力之比通常为1.3~1.6。总结剪力分布与仓格尺度的关系,旨在为类似工程设计提供参考。

碳纤维预氧化炉内气流均布装置模拟研究

碳纤维是一种耐高温、高强度、耐腐蚀的新型材料,广泛应用于航空航天、国防军工和民用工业各领域。在碳纤维生产制造过程中,预氧化是其中最为关键的步骤之一。工业生产过程中往往采用预氧化炉进行预氧化,而衡量预氧化好坏的一个关键指标就是预氧化炉内风场均匀性。研究对象是预氧化炉内的气流均布装置,通过ANSYS FLUENT软件对气流通过气流均布装置后的流场分布状况进行研究。通过改变气流均布装置进出风口的几何结构以及气流分布板上开孔位置来实现气流均布。将模拟得到的流场特性与速度压力云图作对比,分析气流均布装置出口处的压力与气流均匀性来获得气流分布效果更优的气流均布装置。模拟获得的优化的气流均布装置结构为:采用双层气流分布板不完全错孔排列的直角进出口结构。

高含水油藏剩余油再分布规律研究——以江苏油田S区块为例

油田经过长期注水开发进入高含水阶段,产量下降较快以至停采,对停采的高含水油藏开展剩余油分布规律的再认识可以有效提高老油田采收率。为此开展了平板物理模拟实验,利用含油饱和度场分布对剩余油二次富集机理进行研究;同时结合数值模拟研究,验证了高部位区域剩余油分布规律,并对其主控影响因素进行分析。结果表明,剩余油受到残余阻力压差以及渗吸的作用,二次富集主要分布在注采连线的周边以及渗透率较低的高部位地区。确定了影响剩余油二次聚集的影响因素及技术界限值,即油藏满足停采时间超过36个月,地层倾角大于20°,平面渗透率级差大于2,渗透率大于50×10^(-3)μm^(2)等条件可开展油田高含水停采油藏二次挖潜。

冲击波作用下变形圆板表面载荷研究

为了能够快速确定爆炸冲击波作用下变形圆板表面的载荷大小,首先,通过数值模拟方法探究了爆炸冲击波与固支圆板的相互作用过程,获取了变形圆板表面爆炸载荷的分布规律。然后,引入量纲分析,探究了圆板半径、厚度、爆心距圆板的距离、目标点距圆心的距离以及TNT当量等因素对变形圆板表面爆炸载荷的影响。最后,结合数值仿真和量纲分析,推导了变形圆板表面任意一点处爆炸载荷(最大冲量)的计算公式。结果表明,在变形圆板表面,爆炸载荷的分布非均匀,圆板中部压力峰值和冲量较边缘高;推导的公式能够较好快速计算出圆板表面载荷。研究结果可为相关防护结构设计和安全评估提供快速简单的参数输入。

改良森吉米尔法热镀锌带钢针状漏镀缺陷原因分析及控制

[目的]探究改良森吉米尔法连续热镀锌生产线上高强支架钢表面针状漏镀缺陷的产生机理,提出相应的控制措施。[方法]通过激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜等对针状漏镀缺陷的形貌特征和元素分布进行了分析。[结果]漏镀缺陷在带钢表面随机分布,呈黑色针眼状。在漏镀缺陷的亚表面存在Cr、Mn等合金元素富集现象,这些合金元素在带钢表面发生外氧化,使得表面可镀性下降,从而产生针状漏镀缺陷。[结论]在明火加热段对带钢预氧化,以及在退火段促进合金元素发生内氧化,可以有效预防针状漏镀缺陷的产生。

几何偏差对多螺栓复合材料接头螺栓载荷和应力分布的影响研究

本研究建立了考虑间隙的复合材料双搭接结构的半解析模型,描述了几何偏差对螺栓载荷和应力分布的影响.首先,从典型复合螺栓接头中提取螺栓/孔局部结构作为代表单元,建立考虑随机几何偏差与接触状态的螺栓/孔对的局部刚度模型.基于Reddy高阶剪切板理论,建立复合材料层合板有限元分析模型.将螺栓/孔对的局部刚度模型与层合板全局刚度模型相结合,形成了综合考虑螺栓/孔间隙和孔拉伸变形的多螺栓复合材料接头装配力学分析模型.随机螺栓/孔组合间隙分析结果表明,合理的螺栓间隙设置可以得到更均匀的钉载分布,为多螺栓接头的排孔设计提供理论指导.