Performance Analysis of Compound Parabolic Concentration Photothermal and Photoelectricity Device for Soil Heating in Facility Agriculture

It is difficult for solanum crops to grow continuously during winter in severe cold regions. Thus, a soil heating system for facility agriculture based on solar concentration technology was proposed, and a novel compound parabolic concentration photothermal and photoelectricity device(CTPV) equipped in the system was designed to address this problem. In accordance with the structure of the device, LightTools optical software was selected to analyze the variation trend of the light escape rate of the device with the diff erent incident angles. On the basis of the calculation results, an experimental test system was used to investigate the relationship of the air temperature of the inlet and the outlet, total output power of the solar cells, and photothermal and photoelectricity efficiency of the device with the operation time during a sunny day. Research results reveal that the light escape rate of the device is 5.36% at an incidence angle of 12°. At a velocity of 1.5 m/s, the maximum air temperature of the outlet can reach 55.6 ℃, and the total output power of the solar cells is 474.4 W. The variation of the total power of the solar cells is consistent with the simulation results. The maximum instantaneous heat collection and the maximum photothermal and photoelectricity efficiency of the device are 306 W and 60.4%, respectively, and the average efficiency is 44.9%. This study can serve as a reference for compound parabolic concentration technology applied for soil heating in facility agricultural soil heating systems.

Analysis on the Impact of Facility Agriculture Development on Climate Change in Weifang

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of facility agriculture development on the climate variation in Weifang. [Method] Shouguang was selected as the representative station of greenhouse shed planting zone. By using the precipitation, temperature and relative humidity, etc. in Weifang City during 1961-2010, the climatic variation situations in the whole city and the greenhouse shed planting zone were analyzed. The variation trend and evolution characteristics of climate in the different seasons before and after the facility agriculture plantation were contrasted and analyzed. [Result] The annual rainfall and relative humidity presented the declining trend in the whole city in recent 50 years. The annual average, maximum and minimum temperatures all presented the rising trend. Since the large-scale plantation of greenhouse shed, the declining range of annual rainfall in the greenhouse shed planting zone was lower than that in the whole city, and the declining range of relative humidity was obviously higher than that in the whole city. The rising ranges of annual average, maximum and minimum temperatures were higher than that in the whole city. [Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for the development of facility agriculture.

Overview of the Development of Facility Agriculture

This paper reviewed the meaning of facility agriculture and the development status and trends of facility agriculture at home and abroad,analyzed the development status and existing problems of facility agriculture in Guangxi,and proposed corresponding solutions to the problems in the development of facility agriculture in Guangxi,aiming to provide reference for promoting the sustainable development of facility agriculture in Guangxi.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Contents in Facility Agriculture of Guangxi

[Objectives]To study the characteristics of soil heavy metal contents in facility agriculture of Guangxi and analyze its risks.[Methods]The heavy metal content of 30 surface soil samples taken from facility agriculture in Guangxi was analyzed.The status of soil heavy metal pollution in facility agriculture of Guangxi was evaluated by the single factor index method,geo-accumulation index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method with reference to the soil background value in Guangxi.[Results]Compared with the soil background value in Guangxi,the over-limit rates of heavy metals cadmium,lead,arsenic,chromium,mercury,copper and zinc in soil samples were 56.67%,56.67%,16.67%,30.00%,50.00%,60.00%and 80.00%,respectively.Compared with the screening values of the Soil Environmental Quality-Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(for trial implementation)(GB15618-2018),the overlimit rates of the heavy metals cadmium,arsenic,copper and zinc in the surface soil of agricultural facilities in Guangxi were 56.67%,10.00%,16.67%and 23.33%,respectively.Except for the average content of soil cadmium exceeding the screening value,the evaluation content of the other six soil heavy metals did not exceed the screening value.According to the evaluation results of the single factor pollution index method,the surface soil arsenic and chromium of the agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to the clean level,lead,mercury,and copper belonged to mild pollution,and cadmium and zinc belonged to moderate pollution.According to the evaluation results of the geo-accumulation index,the lead,arsenic,chromium and mercury in the surface soil of the agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to the pollution-free level,while the cadmium,copper and zinc belonged to the mild-moderate pollution.According to the evaluation results of the potential ecological risk index method,the potential ecological risks of the heavy metals of lead,arsenic,chromium,copper and zinc in the soil of agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to low potential ecological risk level,and the potential ecological risks of cadmium and mercury belonged to moderate risk level.The potential ecological risk index(RI)of the seven heavy metals in the soil was 132.46,which belonged to moderate potential ecological risk.The largest contribution of soil heavy metals to the potential ecological risk index was cadmium and mercury.[Conclusions]Taking the soil of facility agriculture in Guangxi as the object,this paper studied the characteristics of heavy metal content in facility agricultural soil and its risk assessment,in order to provide a scientific basis for facility soil heavy metal risk prevention and control and provide safe technology for facility agriculture.

Research Advances in Mechanization of Pesticide Spraying Technology for Facility Agriculture

Firstly,this paper introduced the special requirements of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture. Secondly,it analyzed domestic situation of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture. Then,it discussed existing controlled droplet pesticide sprayer from operating principle,structural characteristics,and innovation points,and pointed out existing research findings and future research modules of the controlled droplet pesticide sprayer. Finally,in line with main research points and development direction of controlled droplet pesticide sprayer for the facility agriculture,it came up with pertinent recommendations and measures. It is intended to provide references for the application and development of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture in China.

Current Situation and Development Proposals of Agricultural Facilities(Planting)Application in Beijing

Facility agriculture is an essential carrier for promoting stable production and supply.In2020,the planting area of facility agriculture in Beijing(290098000 m2)accounted for 29.06%of the total planting area of crops(998078000 m2),and the output value accounted for 46.56%.In2022,Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station organized relevant departments to summarize and evaluate the agricultural facilities in Beijing through consultation materials,interviews,questionnaires,and field trips,combining survey data and statistical data to draw the following conclusions.Facilities play a major supporting role in stabilizing production and ensuring supply.The number of traditional greenhouses is extensive and covers a large area,so special planning and classification upgrades are urgently needed.Facilities are rich in scientific and technological resources,but the mode of production is out of date.It is of great significance to improve the comprehensive production capacity of facility agriculture and promote the healthy and stable development of facility industry in Beijing to increase the utilization rate of facility agriculture land,strengthen the support of facility science and technology,and cultivate the socialized service organization of facility.

Study on Early Warning Service of Low-Temperature Chilling Injury Risk in Shenyang Facilities Agriculture

On the basis of summarizing the research on disaster risk at home and abroad, Shenyang, one of the cities with the most frequent meteorological disasters, was taken as an example. Cold chilling injury is one of the major agricultural meteorological disasters, which poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of agriculture and food security in Jilin and Shenyang. Based on meteorological observation data of recent 65 years in Shenyang and microclimate monitoring data of agricultural facilities in two years, this paper makes statistical analysis by mathematical statistics and calculates the highest outdoor temperature, the lowest indoor air temperature and the highest ceiling temperature according to the meteorological grade index of agricultural facilities’ low temperature chilling damage, low temperature and other meteorological elements of grade indicators, analysis of greenhouse production trend of greenhouse climate change, and to discuss the relationship between temperature inside and outside the greenhouse and the facility microclimate conditions in agricultural cold weather disastrous and early warning services. The results showed that in the 21st century, the number of days with low temperature of ≤-20°C increased significantly compared with those in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The risk of low temperature chilling injury in facility agriculture in Shenyang was dominated by mild and moderate low temperature risk. Shenyang low temperature cold damage warning services standards to reduce the impact of chilling injury on agricultural facilities and development.

Efficient Green Modern Agriculture of Fenlong Cultivation and Its Application Prospects

Based on the evolution of farming revolution in Fengyan aiming to create a healthier and more beautiful human existence and a harmonious coexistence with nature, this study introduced Fenlong green agriculture, which had the characteristics of natural yield increase of more than 10% with zero fertilization, and yield increase of 10%-30%, quality improvement of 5% and doubled land water holding capacity with the conventional fertilization in over 20 crops in more than 20 provinces, and significant reforming efficiency on salinized land and grassland; for the first time made a comprehensive description of high efficient application of Fenlong green modern agriculture to explore natural resources, realizing the sustainable develop- ment of quality improvement, yield increase and efficiency enhancement; for the first time clarified the scientific basis and theoretical system of the green efficient mod- ern agricultural technique-Fenlong cultivation, as well as the basic connotations and concepts of Fenlong cultivation, green efficient modern agricultural technical system; created a new model of efficient modern agricultural production and new technology system, and 6 major technical projects like cultivated land improvement to increase yield and transformation of salinized land and grassland, which could play a role in relieving the climatic disasters like haze, transformation of farmland with medium to low yield as well as the construction of high standard farmland, sucrose industry and ＂One Road One Belt＂ strategy; for the first time proposed Fenlong cultivation as the ＂China technology card＂ in China and even the whole world, so as to make people understand the particular significance of this technology to green develop- ment, which could benefit the future generations.

Study on the Tourism Facilities Construction in Agricultural Demonstration Zone——A Case Study of Southern Jiangsu Area

[Objective] To investigate and analyze the existing problems in the agricultural tourism facilities construction in southern Jiangsu area,and put forward the improvement measures so as to effectively promote the overall development of agricultural tourism and the construction of new rural area. [Method] Adopting questionnaire survey and analyzing the differences of tourism facilities. [Result] The overall satisfaction of tourists in tourism facilities is 47.2%,a basically satisfying level; the least satisfaction level is 31.8% in public sanitation facilities after the satisfaction in recreation and explanation facilities. [Conclusion] With experiencing the ecology and returning to the nature as characteristics,the construction of facilities should comply with the theme of agricultural tourism to demonstrate the characteristics of agriculture and the local area,and in the scale of planning,architectural style and subject selection also should follow this principle. Investigations about the tourists resources should be carried on,the construction and management of transportation,greening and public sanitation facilities should be proceeded effectively to attract tourists to stay or come again and to realize the sustainable development of agricultural tourism.

莴笋+鲜食玉米轮作模式下高效设施栽培模式探讨

天津市为了有效利用当地独特的地理气候资源,丰富蔬菜供给,提高土地利用率及种植效益,在多年生产实践基础上总结了“莴笋-鲜食玉米-鲜食玉米”和“莴笋—鲜食玉米—莴笋”两种一年多茬的轮作栽培模式,包括作物茬口安排、田间种植管理技术要点、病虫害防治、适时采收等,利用冷棚设施栽培,大大提高土地复种指数,减少病虫害发生,提高种植经济收益。通过2年的试验示范,收到了良好效果,可为京津冀地区发展设施农业种植区提供有益参考。

数字普惠金融对现代设施农业发展的影响研究

发展现代设施农业是突破资源环境约束、满足食物消费升级、培育农业新质生产力的关键抓手,是农业高质量发展和供给侧结构性改革的必由之路。然而,已有文献针对数字普惠金融支持现代设施农业发展的研究关注较少。论文基于要素市场和产品市场双向分析视角出发,建立了区域经济体农业生产经营投资收益模型,理论剖析了数字普惠金融对现代设施农业发展的影响,并运用县域层面统计数据进行了实证检验;且进一步结合实践场景,阐释了数字普惠金融支持现代设施农业发展的赋能机制。研究发现,数字普惠金融能够有效促进现代设施农业优化发展;县域普惠金融市场发育显著带动了该地区设施农业建设面积增长,且受到当地财政预算投入的正向调节;数字普惠金融能够基于数字授信、专项基金、市场撮合、“保险+期货”等金融工具和服务创新,打造融资拓宽机制、回报激励机制、服务优化机制和市场稳定机制,支持现代设施农业可持续发展。基于此,文末提出创新金融服务结构、强化金融科技工具应用、以财政投入引导金融社会资本注入、立足产业协同视角推动现代设施农业高质量发展等政策启示。

新农科背景下设施农业科学与工程专业的实践教学体系研究

随着产业的发展,对于人才的要求也在不断提高。实践教学在应用型人才培养的过程中起着至关重要的作用,是培养学生动手和创新能力的重要途径,尤其是对于应用性较强的设施农业科学与工程专业。通过对该专业实践教学中的一些问题进行分析,然后从课程教材建设、教学基地、教学团队、教学方式、教学评价等几个方面对实践教学体系优化进行探讨,希望可以提高学生的实践动手能力,提高人才培养质量,增强毕业生就业竞争力,适应新农科发展需要。

四川盆地设施番茄宜机化栽培模式试验研究

针对四川盆地设施番茄生产通常采用现有的宽窄双行栽培的模式,种植中后期会产生过道狭窄、不利于机械化作业及管理效率低的问题,以扩大宽行行距能实现机械化作业为前提,在连栋塑料薄膜温室内栽培密度一致的条件下,调整番茄栽培株行距对比试验,试验共设计3个处理:T_(1)株距0.34 m,宽行行距1.6 m;T_(2)株距0.40 m,宽行行距1.3 m;T_(3)株距0.45 m,宽行行距1.11 m,测定不同处理植株群落光照情况,植株生长、产量及品质指标。结果表明:扩大宽行行距,缩小株距会显著地提高种植行间中下部的光合有效辐射强度和全株光照时长,降低种植行内部的光合有效辐射强度。综合种植行内外来看,番茄群落光合有效辐射强度有所提升。扩大宽行行距,缩小株距会增加番茄植株的叶片生物量,但对茎粗和茎长无显著影响。不同处理单果重0.18~0.19 kg,产量为101 625~103 140 kg/hm^(2),均无显著差异;番茄果实糖酸比为6.6,无显著差异。四川盆地设施番茄采用株距0.34 m,窄行行距0.4 m,宽行行距1.6 m,栽培密度为29 430株/hm^(2)的栽培模式,可以进行打药,运输及植株管理等机械化作业,实现在不影响产量和品质的前提下,提高作业效率、降低生产成本。

高素质职业农民高职课程教学探索与实践——以设施农业生产技术与装备课程为例

基于高素质职业农民学生学习特点,以北京农业职业学院高素质职业农民招生专业设施农业与装备的核心课程之一——设施农业生产技术与装备为例,从课程教学目标、课程内容、教学模式、课程思政、考核方案等方面对课程教学总体方案进行了详细阐述,并通过“无土栽培设施安装与运维”学习模块任务的教学实施过程分析,展示了课程教学团队对于该课程的教学探索与实践,为更深层次的课程改革提供经验借鉴。

不同生长条件下切花向日葵生产效益和碳足迹分析

为探究切花向日葵种植碳足迹和经济效益,调研切花向日葵种植企业,利用生命周期评价法评估露地、拱棚和日光温室3种不同生长条件下切花向日葵碳排放,核算生产成本和效益。结果表明,露地切花向日葵种植碳足迹2174.46 kg/hm^(2)、种植成本51994元/hm^(2)、收入178608元/hm^(2);拱棚切花向日葵种植碳足迹2041.13 kg/hm^(2)、种植成本59443元/hm^(2)、收入175973元/hm^(2);日光温室切花向日葵种植碳足迹2038.92 kg/hm^(2)、生产成本58465元/hm^(2)、收入179544元/hm^(2)。3种不同生长条件下切花向日葵种植的主要成本均来自人工、种子、土地、肥料和设施租金,碳排放最主要的来源均为有机肥和氮肥。在未来切花向日葵种植中,可通过优化生产技术提高肥料利用率,研发专用机械降低劳动力投入,增加轮作等途径来实现减排增收的目的。

设施智能装备在农业生产中的应用与发展

目前,设施智能装备在农业生产领域的应用日益广泛。设施智能装备未来的发展方向将涵盖设备的智能化、互联化、数据可视化、自动化及人工智能化等领域。其发展趋势预示着设施智能装备将成为现代农业生产中的主流技术,不仅能够推动传统农业向现代化农业转型升级,还将促进设施农业的高质量发展,进而实现农业生产方式创新和效率提升。

设施农业生物质高效节能热风炉的研究与应用

结合设施农业增温设备的发展现状,开发一种新型生物质高效节能热风炉,使其具有省工省力、高效节能的优点。使用生物质双炉双燃专利技术,可使生物质颗粒燃烧充分,燃料利用率高,且无烟排放、节能环保。从经济效益看,占地面积667m^(2)的标准百米棚中的冬季蔬菜生产需要加温设备具有热效率高、升温较快、抑制病害等特点,而试验设计的热风炉可满足设施农业冬春季节的增温需求,同时也可实现节能减排和省力化作业。

基于OBE理念的《设施农业工程工艺》课程思政教学改革

海南现代农业产业急需培养热带高效农业科技人才,高等教育要求思政教育融入专业课程,为此有必要开展基于OBE理念的《设施农业工程工艺》课程思政教学改革探讨。通过学情分析确立思政目标,将思政元素和案例融入到课程教学中,同时注重因材施教和个性化培养,鼓励学生创新精神,以实现新型交叉学科农业复合型人才培养的目标。

基于模糊控制的设施菜心生产环境管控模型及系统

【目的】为实现设施菜心生产环境的实时监控和精准调控,设计一种基于模糊控制的设施菜心生产环境管控模型及系统。【方法】采用物联网设备实时监测菜心各生长阶段(种子发芽期、叶片生长期、菜薹形成期)的环境因子(空气温度、土壤温度、土壤湿度和土壤电导率),将参数的监测值与适宜范围进行对比,获得各环境因子的偏差及变化率。管控模型利用模糊推理与定性分析结合的方法优化环境因子控制量,确定环境调控设备的调控决策,达到对环境因子的精准调控。【结果】管理模式对比试验表明:在菜心3个生长阶段,管控系统模式的平均调控实时性指标分别为0.10、0.17和0.18,平均准确性指标分别为0.78、0.68和0.74;人工管理模式的平均调控实时性指标分别为0.37、0.41和0.43,平均准确性指标分别为0.31、0.34和0.30。管控系统的平均实时性和准确性与人工管理模式相比分别有62.50%和1.34倍的提升。【结论】管控系统模式实现了菜心生产环境信息的实时获取与精准调控,能帮助用户更好地进行设施菜心的生产管理。

不同连作年限设施农用地土壤有机碳与细菌群落功能特征

为探明不同连作年限设施农用地土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon,SOC)与细菌群落功能变化及其动态响应关系,以北京市南郊设施农业集中地为研究区,采用时空替代法系统分析了未种植(CK)、连作年限0~5年(0~5 a)、5~10年(5~10 a)、10~20年(10~20 a)和20年以上(20 a+)SOC、细菌群落结构及其代谢功能的变化。结合冗余分析(RDA)、典型相关分析(CCA)、PICRUSt2功能预测及Mantel test探究了SOC及其活性组分与细菌优势菌群的动态响应,以及与细菌代谢功能的相互关系。结果表明:连作使研究区微生物生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon,MBC)、易氧化有机碳(Easily oxidizes organic carbon,EOC)、SOC含量及土壤有机碳密度(Soil organic carbon density,SOCD)均随种植年限先增后减,可溶性有机碳(Dissolved organic carbon,DOC)含量在20 a+时最高,微生物熵(Q)随连作年限增加而减小。连作降低了土壤细菌的多样性,但提高了细菌种群间差异,PICRUSt2预测不同连作年限土壤细菌功能均以新陈代谢为主,5~20 a土壤细菌二级代谢功能丰度明显高于0~5 a、20 a+、CK。相对丰度前10的细菌群中Acidobacteriota与SOC及其活性组分含量均呈负相关,主导和参与SOC累积循环的关键菌群在连作20 a+后出现由富营养型菌群向寡营养和致病类菌群转变的趋势;Mantel分析显示,第3层级有53类与土壤有机碳含量呈显著相关的代谢功能(p<0.05),其中23类隶属于第1层级的新陈代谢,与EOC呈显著相关的代谢功能高达51类。本研究结果可为优化碳循环相关细菌功能群,提升小尺度设施农用地土壤碳汇功能提供参考。