Performance Analysis of Compound Parabolic Concentration Photothermal and Photoelectricity Device for Soil Heating in Facility Agriculture

It is difficult for solanum crops to grow continuously during winter in severe cold regions. Thus, a soil heating system for facility agriculture based on solar concentration technology was proposed, and a novel compound parabolic concentration photothermal and photoelectricity device(CTPV) equipped in the system was designed to address this problem. In accordance with the structure of the device, LightTools optical software was selected to analyze the variation trend of the light escape rate of the device with the diff erent incident angles. On the basis of the calculation results, an experimental test system was used to investigate the relationship of the air temperature of the inlet and the outlet, total output power of the solar cells, and photothermal and photoelectricity efficiency of the device with the operation time during a sunny day. Research results reveal that the light escape rate of the device is 5.36% at an incidence angle of 12°. At a velocity of 1.5 m/s, the maximum air temperature of the outlet can reach 55.6 ℃, and the total output power of the solar cells is 474.4 W. The variation of the total power of the solar cells is consistent with the simulation results. The maximum instantaneous heat collection and the maximum photothermal and photoelectricity efficiency of the device are 306 W and 60.4%, respectively, and the average efficiency is 44.9%. This study can serve as a reference for compound parabolic concentration technology applied for soil heating in facility agricultural soil heating systems.

Analysis on the Impact of Facility Agriculture Development on Climate Change in Weifang

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of facility agriculture development on the climate variation in Weifang. [Method] Shouguang was selected as the representative station of greenhouse shed planting zone. By using the precipitation, temperature and relative humidity, etc. in Weifang City during 1961-2010, the climatic variation situations in the whole city and the greenhouse shed planting zone were analyzed. The variation trend and evolution characteristics of climate in the different seasons before and after the facility agriculture plantation were contrasted and analyzed. [Result] The annual rainfall and relative humidity presented the declining trend in the whole city in recent 50 years. The annual average, maximum and minimum temperatures all presented the rising trend. Since the large-scale plantation of greenhouse shed, the declining range of annual rainfall in the greenhouse shed planting zone was lower than that in the whole city, and the declining range of relative humidity was obviously higher than that in the whole city. The rising ranges of annual average, maximum and minimum temperatures were higher than that in the whole city. [Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for the development of facility agriculture.

Overview of the Development of Facility Agriculture

This paper reviewed the meaning of facility agriculture and the development status and trends of facility agriculture at home and abroad,analyzed the development status and existing problems of facility agriculture in Guangxi,and proposed corresponding solutions to the problems in the development of facility agriculture in Guangxi,aiming to provide reference for promoting the sustainable development of facility agriculture in Guangxi.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Contents in Facility Agriculture of Guangxi

[Objectives]To study the characteristics of soil heavy metal contents in facility agriculture of Guangxi and analyze its risks.[Methods]The heavy metal content of 30 surface soil samples taken from facility agriculture in Guangxi was analyzed.The status of soil heavy metal pollution in facility agriculture of Guangxi was evaluated by the single factor index method,geo-accumulation index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method with reference to the soil background value in Guangxi.[Results]Compared with the soil background value in Guangxi,the over-limit rates of heavy metals cadmium,lead,arsenic,chromium,mercury,copper and zinc in soil samples were 56.67%,56.67%,16.67%,30.00%,50.00%,60.00%and 80.00%,respectively.Compared with the screening values of the Soil Environmental Quality-Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(for trial implementation)(GB15618-2018),the overlimit rates of the heavy metals cadmium,arsenic,copper and zinc in the surface soil of agricultural facilities in Guangxi were 56.67%,10.00%,16.67%and 23.33%,respectively.Except for the average content of soil cadmium exceeding the screening value,the evaluation content of the other six soil heavy metals did not exceed the screening value.According to the evaluation results of the single factor pollution index method,the surface soil arsenic and chromium of the agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to the clean level,lead,mercury,and copper belonged to mild pollution,and cadmium and zinc belonged to moderate pollution.According to the evaluation results of the geo-accumulation index,the lead,arsenic,chromium and mercury in the surface soil of the agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to the pollution-free level,while the cadmium,copper and zinc belonged to the mild-moderate pollution.According to the evaluation results of the potential ecological risk index method,the potential ecological risks of the heavy metals of lead,arsenic,chromium,copper and zinc in the soil of agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to low potential ecological risk level,and the potential ecological risks of cadmium and mercury belonged to moderate risk level.The potential ecological risk index(RI)of the seven heavy metals in the soil was 132.46,which belonged to moderate potential ecological risk.The largest contribution of soil heavy metals to the potential ecological risk index was cadmium and mercury.[Conclusions]Taking the soil of facility agriculture in Guangxi as the object,this paper studied the characteristics of heavy metal content in facility agricultural soil and its risk assessment,in order to provide a scientific basis for facility soil heavy metal risk prevention and control and provide safe technology for facility agriculture.

Research Advances in Mechanization of Pesticide Spraying Technology for Facility Agriculture

Firstly,this paper introduced the special requirements of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture. Secondly,it analyzed domestic situation of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture. Then,it discussed existing controlled droplet pesticide sprayer from operating principle,structural characteristics,and innovation points,and pointed out existing research findings and future research modules of the controlled droplet pesticide sprayer. Finally,in line with main research points and development direction of controlled droplet pesticide sprayer for the facility agriculture,it came up with pertinent recommendations and measures. It is intended to provide references for the application and development of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture in China.

Current Situation and Development Proposals of Agricultural Facilities(Planting)Application in Beijing

Facility agriculture is an essential carrier for promoting stable production and supply.In2020,the planting area of facility agriculture in Beijing(290098000 m2)accounted for 29.06%of the total planting area of crops(998078000 m2),and the output value accounted for 46.56%.In2022,Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station organized relevant departments to summarize and evaluate the agricultural facilities in Beijing through consultation materials,interviews,questionnaires,and field trips,combining survey data and statistical data to draw the following conclusions.Facilities play a major supporting role in stabilizing production and ensuring supply.The number of traditional greenhouses is extensive and covers a large area,so special planning and classification upgrades are urgently needed.Facilities are rich in scientific and technological resources,but the mode of production is out of date.It is of great significance to improve the comprehensive production capacity of facility agriculture and promote the healthy and stable development of facility industry in Beijing to increase the utilization rate of facility agriculture land,strengthen the support of facility science and technology,and cultivate the socialized service organization of facility.

Study on Early Warning Service of Low-Temperature Chilling Injury Risk in Shenyang Facilities Agriculture

On the basis of summarizing the research on disaster risk at home and abroad, Shenyang, one of the cities with the most frequent meteorological disasters, was taken as an example. Cold chilling injury is one of the major agricultural meteorological disasters, which poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of agriculture and food security in Jilin and Shenyang. Based on meteorological observation data of recent 65 years in Shenyang and microclimate monitoring data of agricultural facilities in two years, this paper makes statistical analysis by mathematical statistics and calculates the highest outdoor temperature, the lowest indoor air temperature and the highest ceiling temperature according to the meteorological grade index of agricultural facilities’ low temperature chilling damage, low temperature and other meteorological elements of grade indicators, analysis of greenhouse production trend of greenhouse climate change, and to discuss the relationship between temperature inside and outside the greenhouse and the facility microclimate conditions in agricultural cold weather disastrous and early warning services. The results showed that in the 21st century, the number of days with low temperature of ≤-20°C increased significantly compared with those in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The risk of low temperature chilling injury in facility agriculture in Shenyang was dominated by mild and moderate low temperature risk. Shenyang low temperature cold damage warning services standards to reduce the impact of chilling injury on agricultural facilities and development.

Efficient Green Modern Agriculture of Fenlong Cultivation and Its Application Prospects

Based on the evolution of farming revolution in Fengyan aiming to create a healthier and more beautiful human existence and a harmonious coexistence with nature, this study introduced Fenlong green agriculture, which had the characteristics of natural yield increase of more than 10% with zero fertilization, and yield increase of 10%-30%, quality improvement of 5% and doubled land water holding capacity with the conventional fertilization in over 20 crops in more than 20 provinces, and significant reforming efficiency on salinized land and grassland; for the first time made a comprehensive description of high efficient application of Fenlong green modern agriculture to explore natural resources, realizing the sustainable develop- ment of quality improvement, yield increase and efficiency enhancement; for the first time clarified the scientific basis and theoretical system of the green efficient mod- ern agricultural technique-Fenlong cultivation, as well as the basic connotations and concepts of Fenlong cultivation, green efficient modern agricultural technical system; created a new model of efficient modern agricultural production and new technology system, and 6 major technical projects like cultivated land improvement to increase yield and transformation of salinized land and grassland, which could play a role in relieving the climatic disasters like haze, transformation of farmland with medium to low yield as well as the construction of high standard farmland, sucrose industry and ＂One Road One Belt＂ strategy; for the first time proposed Fenlong cultivation as the ＂China technology card＂ in China and even the whole world, so as to make people understand the particular significance of this technology to green develop- ment, which could benefit the future generations.

Study on the Tourism Facilities Construction in Agricultural Demonstration Zone——A Case Study of Southern Jiangsu Area

[Objective] To investigate and analyze the existing problems in the agricultural tourism facilities construction in southern Jiangsu area,and put forward the improvement measures so as to effectively promote the overall development of agricultural tourism and the construction of new rural area. [Method] Adopting questionnaire survey and analyzing the differences of tourism facilities. [Result] The overall satisfaction of tourists in tourism facilities is 47.2%,a basically satisfying level; the least satisfaction level is 31.8% in public sanitation facilities after the satisfaction in recreation and explanation facilities. [Conclusion] With experiencing the ecology and returning to the nature as characteristics,the construction of facilities should comply with the theme of agricultural tourism to demonstrate the characteristics of agriculture and the local area,and in the scale of planning,architectural style and subject selection also should follow this principle. Investigations about the tourists resources should be carried on,the construction and management of transportation,greening and public sanitation facilities should be proceeded effectively to attract tourists to stay or come again and to realize the sustainable development of agricultural tourism.

莴笋+鲜食玉米轮作模式下高效设施栽培模式探讨

天津市为了有效利用当地独特的地理气候资源,丰富蔬菜供给,提高土地利用率及种植效益,在多年生产实践基础上总结了“莴笋-鲜食玉米-鲜食玉米”和“莴笋—鲜食玉米—莴笋”两种一年多茬的轮作栽培模式,包括作物茬口安排、田间种植管理技术要点、病虫害防治、适时采收等,利用冷棚设施栽培,大大提高土地复种指数,减少病虫害发生,提高种植经济收益。通过2年的试验示范,收到了良好效果,可为京津冀地区发展设施农业种植区提供有益参考。

新农科背景下设施农业科学与工程专业的实践教学体系研究

随着产业的发展,对于人才的要求也在不断提高。实践教学在应用型人才培养的过程中起着至关重要的作用,是培养学生动手和创新能力的重要途径,尤其是对于应用性较强的设施农业科学与工程专业。通过对该专业实践教学中的一些问题进行分析,然后从课程教材建设、教学基地、教学团队、教学方式、教学评价等几个方面对实践教学体系优化进行探讨,希望可以提高学生的实践动手能力,提高人才培养质量,增强毕业生就业竞争力,适应新农科发展需要。

数字普惠金融对现代设施农业发展的影响研究

发展现代设施农业是突破资源环境约束、满足食物消费升级、培育农业新质生产力的关键抓手,是农业高质量发展和供给侧结构性改革的必由之路。然而,已有文献针对数字普惠金融支持现代设施农业发展的研究关注较少。论文基于要素市场和产品市场双向分析视角出发,建立了区域经济体农业生产经营投资收益模型,理论剖析了数字普惠金融对现代设施农业发展的影响,并运用县域层面统计数据进行了实证检验;且进一步结合实践场景,阐释了数字普惠金融支持现代设施农业发展的赋能机制。研究发现,数字普惠金融能够有效促进现代设施农业优化发展;县域普惠金融市场发育显著带动了该地区设施农业建设面积增长,且受到当地财政预算投入的正向调节;数字普惠金融能够基于数字授信、专项基金、市场撮合、“保险+期货”等金融工具和服务创新,打造融资拓宽机制、回报激励机制、服务优化机制和市场稳定机制,支持现代设施农业可持续发展。基于此,文末提出创新金融服务结构、强化金融科技工具应用、以财政投入引导金融社会资本注入、立足产业协同视角推动现代设施农业高质量发展等政策启示。

四川盆地设施番茄宜机化栽培模式试验研究

针对四川盆地设施番茄生产通常采用现有的宽窄双行栽培的模式,种植中后期会产生过道狭窄、不利于机械化作业及管理效率低的问题,以扩大宽行行距能实现机械化作业为前提,在连栋塑料薄膜温室内栽培密度一致的条件下,调整番茄栽培株行距对比试验,试验共设计3个处理:T_(1)株距0.34 m,宽行行距1.6 m;T_(2)株距0.40 m,宽行行距1.3 m;T_(3)株距0.45 m,宽行行距1.11 m,测定不同处理植株群落光照情况,植株生长、产量及品质指标。结果表明:扩大宽行行距,缩小株距会显著地提高种植行间中下部的光合有效辐射强度和全株光照时长,降低种植行内部的光合有效辐射强度。综合种植行内外来看,番茄群落光合有效辐射强度有所提升。扩大宽行行距,缩小株距会增加番茄植株的叶片生物量,但对茎粗和茎长无显著影响。不同处理单果重0.18~0.19 kg,产量为101 625~103 140 kg/hm^(2),均无显著差异;番茄果实糖酸比为6.6,无显著差异。四川盆地设施番茄采用株距0.34 m,窄行行距0.4 m,宽行行距1.6 m,栽培密度为29 430株/hm^(2)的栽培模式,可以进行打药,运输及植株管理等机械化作业,实现在不影响产量和品质的前提下,提高作业效率、降低生产成本。

基于职业院校教学能力比赛的植物工厂环境调控项目教学设计与实践

为深入贯彻落实职业教育“三教”改革,提高人才培养质量,推动职业教育高质量发展,在全国职业院校技能大赛教学能力比赛背景下,以设施农业环境监控技术课程中植物工厂环境调控项目为例,从教学整体设计、教学实施过程、学生学习效果和反思改进措施4个方面介绍教学设计与实践效果。实施此项教学改革能有效提升设施农业与装备专业人才培养质量。

高素质职业农民高职课程教学探索与实践——以设施农业生产技术与装备课程为例

基于高素质职业农民学生学习特点,以北京农业职业学院高素质职业农民招生专业设施农业与装备的核心课程之一——设施农业生产技术与装备为例,从课程教学目标、课程内容、教学模式、课程思政、考核方案等方面对课程教学总体方案进行了详细阐述,并通过“无土栽培设施安装与运维”学习模块任务的教学实施过程分析,展示了课程教学团队对于该课程的教学探索与实践,为更深层次的课程改革提供经验借鉴。

设施农业机器人导航关键技术研究进展与展望

[目的/意义]随着科学技术的快速发展和劳动力成本的不断提高,机器人在设施农业领域的应用越来越广泛。设施环境复杂多样,如何让机器人实现稳定、精准、快速地导航仍然是当前需要解决的问题。[进展]本文基于设施农业智能机器人的自动导航关键技术展开综述。在自主定位与地图构建方面,详细介绍了信标定位、惯性定位、即时定位与建图技术,以及融合定位方法。其中,依据使用的传感器不同,即时定位与建图技术可进一步划分为视觉、激光和融合三种不同类型。在全局路径规划方面,探讨了点到点局部路径规划和全局遍历路径规划在设施农业中的应用。针对规划目标数量的不同,详细介绍了单目标路径规划和多目标路径规划。此外,在机器人的自动避障技术方面,讨论了一系列设施农业中常用的避障控制算法。[结论/展望]总结了当前设施农业智能机器人自动导航技术面临的挑战,包括复杂环境、遮挡严重、成本高、作业效率低、缺乏标准化平台和公开数据集等问题。未来研究应重点关注多传感器融合、先进算法优化、多机器人协同作业,以及数据标准化与共享平台的建设。这些方向将有助于提升机器人在设施农业中的导航精度、效率和适应性,为智能农业的发展提供参考和建议。

地方本科院校植物生理学课程模块化教学路径探索

为培养设施植物生产类专业技术科研、设计与建造等专业人才,本文对地方本科院校植物生理学课程模块化教学路径进行探索。对该课程教学现状进行分析,将教学内容划分为5个模块,对模块化教学思路进行设计。并从教学目标重塑、内容模块划分和模块化教学设计及应用3个方面对其具体实施路径进行分析。实践结果表明,该教学方式有效激发了学生的学习兴趣,提升了其对理论知识的实际应用能力,提高了教学效果,为推动该课程教学质量及学生培养质量提升提供参考。

不同生长条件下切花向日葵生产效益和碳足迹分析

为探究切花向日葵种植碳足迹和经济效益,调研切花向日葵种植企业,利用生命周期评价法评估露地、拱棚和日光温室3种不同生长条件下切花向日葵碳排放,核算生产成本和效益。结果表明,露地切花向日葵种植碳足迹2174.46 kg/hm^(2)、种植成本51994元/hm^(2)、收入178608元/hm^(2);拱棚切花向日葵种植碳足迹2041.13 kg/hm^(2)、种植成本59443元/hm^(2)、收入175973元/hm^(2);日光温室切花向日葵种植碳足迹2038.92 kg/hm^(2)、生产成本58465元/hm^(2)、收入179544元/hm^(2)。3种不同生长条件下切花向日葵种植的主要成本均来自人工、种子、土地、肥料和设施租金,碳排放最主要的来源均为有机肥和氮肥。在未来切花向日葵种植中,可通过优化生产技术提高肥料利用率,研发专用机械降低劳动力投入,增加轮作等途径来实现减排增收的目的。

设施智能装备在农业生产中的应用与发展

目前,设施智能装备在农业生产领域的应用日益广泛。设施智能装备未来的发展方向将涵盖设备的智能化、互联化、数据可视化、自动化及人工智能化等领域。其发展趋势预示着设施智能装备将成为现代农业生产中的主流技术,不仅能够推动传统农业向现代化农业转型升级,还将促进设施农业的高质量发展,进而实现农业生产方式创新和效率提升。

设施农业生物质高效节能热风炉的研究与应用

结合设施农业增温设备的发展现状,开发一种新型生物质高效节能热风炉,使其具有省工省力、高效节能的优点。使用生物质双炉双燃专利技术,可使生物质颗粒燃烧充分,燃料利用率高,且无烟排放、节能环保。从经济效益看,占地面积667m^(2)的标准百米棚中的冬季蔬菜生产需要加温设备具有热效率高、升温较快、抑制病害等特点,而试验设计的热风炉可满足设施农业冬春季节的增温需求,同时也可实现节能减排和省力化作业。