High-Yield High-Efficiency Positron Generation in High-Z Metal Targets Irradiated by Laser Produced Electrons from Near-Critical Density Plasmas

An improved indirect scheme for laser positron generation is proposed. The positron yields in high-ZZ metal targets irradiated by laser produced electrons from near-critical density plasmas and underdense plasma are investigated numerically. It is found that the positron yield is mainly affected by the number of electrons of energies up to several hundreds of MeV. Using near-critical density targets for electron acceleration, the number of high energy electrons can be increased dramatically. Through start-to-end simulations, it is shown that up to 6.78×10106.78×1010 positrons can be generated with state-of-the-art Joule-class femtosecond laser systems.

High-Power and High-Efficiency Operation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers at 3.3 THz

A high-power and high-effciency GaAs/A1GaAs-based terahertz （THz） quantum cascade laser structure emitting at 3.3 THz is presented. The structure is based on a hybrid bound-to-continuum transition and resonant-phonon extraction active region combined with a semi-insulating surface-plasmon waveguide. By optimizing material structure and device processing, the peak optical output power of 758mW with a threshold current density of 120 A/cm2 and a wall-plug effciency of 0.92% at 10K and 404mW at 77K are obtained in pulsed operation. The maximum operating temperature is as high as llS K. In the cw mode, a record optical output power of 160roW with a threshold current density of 178A/cm2 and a wall-plug efficiency of 1.32% is achieved at 1OK.

Laser scribed graphene for supercapacitors

Supercapacitors,with the merits of both capacitors for safe and fast charge and batteries for high energy storage have drawn tremendous attention.Recently,laser scribed graphene has been increasingly studied for supercapacitor applications due to its unique properties,such as flexible fabrication,large surface area and high electrical conductivity.With the laser direct writing process,graphene can be directly fabricated and patterned as the supercapacitor electrodes.In this review,facile laser direct writing methods for graphene were firstly summarized.Various precursors,mainly graphene oxide and polyimide were employed for laser scribed graphene and the modifications of graphene properties were also discussed.This laser scribed graphene was applied for electrochemical double-layer capacitors,pseudo-capacitors and hybrid supercapacitors.Diverse strategies including doping,composite materials and pattern design were utilized to enhance the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors.Featured supercapacitors with excellent flexible,ultrafinestructured and integrated functions were also reviewed.

MOF-Like 3D Graphene-Based Catalytic Membrane Fabricated by One-Step Laser Scribing for Robust Water Purification and Green Energy Production

Increasing both clean water and green energy demands for survival and development are the grand challenges of our age.Here,we successfully fabricate a novel multifunctional 3D graphene-based catalytic membrane(3D-GCM)with active metal nanoparticles(AMNs)loading for simultaneously obtaining the water purification and clean energy generation,via a“green”one-step laser scribing technology.The as-prepared 3D-GCM shows high porosity and uniform distribution with AMNs,which exhibits high permeated fluxes(over 100 L m^(−2) h^(−1))and versatile super-adsorption capacities for the removal of tricky organic pollutants from wastewater under ultra-low pressure-driving(0.1 bar).After adsorption saturating,the AMNs in 3D-GCM actuates the advanced oxidization process to self-clean the fouled membrane via the catalysis,and restores the adsorption capacity well for the next time membrane separation.Most importantly,the 3D-GCM with the welding of laser scribing overcomes the lateral shear force damaging during the long-term separation.Moreover,the 3D-GCM could emit plentiful of hot electrons from AMNs under light irradiation,realizing the membrane catalytic hydrolysis reactions for hydrogen energy generation.This“green”precision manufacturing with laser scribing technology provides a feasible technology to fabricate high-efficient and robust 3D-GCM microreactor in the tricky wastewater purification and sustainable clean energy production as well.

基于激光雕刻石墨烯电极的伏安法实验教学新方案

伏安法是仪器分析课程的重要章节和教学难点,其现有实验教学方案在理论融合和应用拓展等方面存在不足。本文通过引入较为前沿的激光雕刻石墨烯电极体系,丰富内容如扩散电流理论和电催化现象模拟,延伸应用如奶粉香兰素检测,帮助学生深入理解方法的基本原理、研究动向和应用价值。实验综合成本低、电极可批量制备,适合教学开展。

取向硅钢细化磁畴技术研究进展

细化磁畴技术是取向硅钢生产过程中重要的技术手段之一,可有效降低带材损耗。介绍了取向硅钢损耗的影响因素、细化磁畴降低铁损的原理,同时对两种类型细化磁畴技术的原理和研究现状进行了综述。非耐热型细化磁畴技术相对成熟稳定,已实现工业应用。耐热型细化磁畴技术目前被少数企业所垄断,国内仅宝钢掌握大功率激光刻痕细化磁畴技术,而其他耐热型细化磁畴技术更多处于实验室研发阶段,无法应用于工业生产。在能源结构调整、电工装备要求不断提升的背景下,对耐热型取向硅钢提出了更多的需求,未来耐热型细化磁畴技术将成为取向硅钢细化磁畴技术的一个重点研究方向。

面向晶圆划刻的兆声辅助激光加工实验研究

针对晶圆划刻中激光加工易产生重铸层且得到的沟槽深宽比小等问题,提出了兆声辅助激光加工方法,对激光烧蚀与兆声振动理论进行分析,并利用响应面分析法对加工参数进行优化。结果表明,兆声波能够将烧蚀产生的液相材料和熔融碎屑击出烧蚀区,从而减小重铸层面积,改善晶圆的表面形貌;附加兆声辅助后,沟槽划刻后晶圆表面重铸层面积减小约25%,烧蚀深宽比由2.65增加到3.82。基于上述研究,在晶圆表面划刻得到了形貌良好的网格结构,证明此方法能有效改善晶圆划刻的表面形貌,减少重铸层的产生,提高晶圆划刻的效率与精度。

石墨烯微超级电容的制备和光伏组件储能性能

采用滴注法制备了氧化石墨烯薄膜进行激光光刻,通过显微观察证实了还原态氧化石墨烯的生成,根据薄膜的方阻测试确定了最优的光刻参数。然后,在非晶硅组件电池的背面制备氧化石墨烯薄膜,光刻出平面叉指状电极。5个单节微超级电容的超薄电极进行串联,具有高工作电压,实现了对光伏电能的存储。结果表明该储能器件具有高循环稳定性,50次充放电循环的容量保持率为99.85%。该研究为设计制作用于光伏组件的一体化储能系统提供了新思路。

High-rate metal-free MXene microsupercapacitors on paper substrates

MXene is a promising energy storage material for miniaturized microbatteries and microsupercapacitors(MSCs).Despite its superior electrochemical performance,only a few studies have reported MXene-based ultrahigh-rate(>1000 mV s^(−1))on-paper MSCs,mainly due to the reduced electrical conductance of MXene films deposited on paper.Herein,ultrahigh-rate metal-free on-paper MSCs based on heterogeneous MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)-stack electrodes are fabricated through the combination of direct ink writing and femtosecond laser scribing.With a footprint area of only 20 mm^(2),the on-paper MSCs exhibit excellent high-rate capacitive behavior with an areal capacitance of 5.7 mF cm^(−2)and long cycle life(>95%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s^(−1),outperforming most of the present on-paper MSCs.Furthermore,the heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS electrodes can interconnect individual MSCs into metal-free on-paper MSC arrays,which can also be simultaneously charged/discharged at 1000 mV s^(−1),showing scalable capacitive performance.The heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS stacks are a promising electrode structure for on-paper MSCs to serve as ultrafast miniaturized energy storage components for emerging paper electronics.

A 658-W VCSEL-pumped rod laser module with52.6% optical efficiency

A high-efficiency and high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL) side-pumped rod Nd:YAG laser with temperature adaptability are demonstrated. The VCSEL side-pumped laser module is designed and optimized. Five VCSEL arrays are symmetrically located around the laser rod and a large size diffused reflection chamber is designed to ensure a uniform pump distribution. Furthermore, the absorbed pump power distribution of the rod is simulated to verify the uniformity of the pump absorption. Finally, a proof-of-principle experiment is performed in short linear cavity laser with single laser module. A continuous-wave output power of 658 W at 1064 nm is obtained, the corresponding optical-to-optical efficiency is 52.6%, and the power variations are ±0.7% over 400 s and ±3.1% over the temperature range from 16 ℃ to 26 ℃. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power and the highest optical-to-optical efficiency ever reported for VCSEL pumped solid-state lasers. By inserting a telescopic module into the cavity and optimizing the TEM_(00) mode volume, the average beam quality is measured to be M~2= 1.34 under an output power of 102 W. The experimental results reveal that such a high power rod laser module with temperature stability is appropriate for field applications.

激光刻痕工艺对取向硅钢铁损降幅影响规律研究

以0.27 mm规格高磁感取向硅钢为研究对象,研究了激光刻痕功率、刻痕频率、刻痕速度及刻痕间距等参数对取向硅钢铁损降幅及磁畴结构的影响。结果表明,不同工艺刻线形貌及磁畴结构存在差异性,其中低刻痕功率、高刻痕频率和刻痕速度下,刻线呈现浅轻形貌,磁畴呈不均匀散乱分布。该牌号优化刻痕工艺参数为:刻痕功率30%、刻痕频率50 kHz、刻痕速度500 mm/s、刻痕间距5 mm,磁畴细化效果好,相应铁损降幅达9.47%。此外,在激光刻痕参数交互作用下,铁损降幅随激光能量密度增大而显著增加,但激光能量过大会加剧破坏取向硅钢应力涂层,不利于磁畴细化和提高铁损降幅。

基于三维激光扫描的金属基航空模线样板自动检测算法

虽然数字化制造已成必然趋势,但在未来很长一个时期内,模线样板依然将在飞机制造中扮演重要角色。如何以先进的数字化技术提升传统模式下的生产效率和质量,是需要认真研究的课题。针对模线样板的检测需求,结合模线样板的几何特征,提出基于三维激光扫描的金属基航空模线样板自动检测算法。对于样板刻线,将样板点云粗栅格化后,根据点云高度信息进行刻线的粗提取,再根据刻线的特性利用法矢信息优化提取结果;对于外形轮廓,将点云转换成二值图像并计算其边缘,实现外形特征提取;将特征提取结果与CAD数模进行配准并去除噪声,最后计算与数模的误差,实现样板检测,输出误差分布。试验结果显示,本文算法在精度和效率上优于现有算法,相较人工检测提升了可靠性和效率,在实际工程中具有应用价值。

激光刻痕对高磁感取向硅钢板耐蚀性的影响

通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对激光刻痕后高磁感取向硅钢表面进行形貌观察和化学成分分析,并采用硫酸铜点滴试验、加速腐蚀试验(交变湿热试验及动态接触湿热试验)研究了激光刻痕对取向硅钢耐蚀性的影响。结果发现:激光刻痕对取向硅钢表面涂层厚度均匀性和平整性造成破坏,使取向硅钢基体出现裸露的情况,耐蚀性大幅降低。

Ultrafast z-scanning for high-efficiency laser micro-machining

High-throughput laser micro-machining demands precise control of the laser beam position to achieve optimal efficiency,but existing methods can be both time-consuming and cost-prohibitive.In this paper,we demonstrate a new high-throughput micromachining technique based on rapidly scanning the laser focal point along the optical axis using an acoustically driven variable focal length lens.Our results show that this scanning method enables higher machining rates over a range of defocus distances and that the effect becomes more significant as the laser energy is increased.In a specific example of silicon,we achieve a nearly threefold increase in the machining rate,while maintaining sharp side walls and a small spot size.This method has great potential for improving the micro-machining efficiency of conventional systems and also opens the door to applying laser machining to workpieces with uneven topography that have been traditionally difficult to process.

激光刻痕取向硅钢底层损伤效应研究

以激光刻痕取向硅钢为研究对象,研究了刻痕过程表面层损伤效应。结果表明,取向硅钢表面层由1.5μm左右的绝缘层、2.5μm左右硅酸镁底层组成,刻痕处理使表面层烧损形成刻线,并在内部形成裸露铁基体和Mg_(2)SiO_(4)的微小孔洞。在刻痕功率较低情况下,刻线为直径50μm的浅轻状断续斑痕,未形成有效刻线。此外,通过提高刻痕功率、降低刻痕频率和速度、增加激光光源能量和作用时间,可使刻线宽度和深度增加,但刻线内部裸露基体和Mg_(2)SiO_(4)的增加以及孔洞密度的增加,不利于产品绝缘性和耐蚀性。

取向硅钢激光刻痕对绝缘层的影响及刻痕耐热性分析

研究了不同输入电流下激光刻痕对取向硅钢表面绝缘涂层的影响,分析了刻痕宽度、刻痕深度和磁性能随电流的变化规律及刻痕对绝缘涂层的破坏程度,并对刻痕后的取向硅钢样品进行退火,研究刻痕后磁畴粗化规律,对激光刻痕的耐热性进行分析。结果表明:随着电流的增大,刻痕的宽度和深度增大,刻痕对绝缘涂层的损伤严重。激光刻痕样品在500℃以上的温度下进行去应力退火,磁畴开始粗化,铁损较刻痕后升高。确定了磁畴粗化定量关系。随着退火温度升高,磁畴宽度增大,铁损升高的幅度增大。

取向硅钢细化磁畴技术的研究现状及展望

细化磁畴技术可有效降低变压器用取向硅钢的铁损。综述了国内外取向硅钢细化磁畴技术的原理及研究现状,评价了目前机械加工法、等离子喷射法、放电处理法、超声波法以及激光刻痕法等细化磁畴技术存在的技术优缺点,并对未来细化磁畴技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

激光刻痕对取向硅钢铁损和磁畴的影响规律研究

激光刻痕是一种降低取向硅钢片铁损的有效方法。选取激光功率、扫描速度、激光频率、刻痕间距作为工艺变量,对取向硅钢片进行刻痕实验,并利用磁性能测试系统和磁畴观测仪研究了不同工艺参数对激光刻痕后取向硅钢铁损和磁畴的改善效果。结果表明,取向硅钢片的平均铁损降低率随激光功率和刻痕间距增大而先增大后减小,随激光频率和扫描速度增大而减小。经不同工艺参数刻痕后,硅钢片的磁畴宽度均有所减小,且磁畴宽度的变化规律与铁损降低率的变化规律相吻合。优化了取向硅钢片的激光刻痕工艺参数,利用此工艺刻痕后,取向硅钢片的平均铁损降低率达8%。

脉冲绿激光划切蓝宝石基片的工艺参量研究

为了提高划切蓝宝石的成品率和划切效率,研究了脉冲绿激光(波长532nm)的偏振性、脉冲激光能量、激光焦点位置、扫描速率、扫描次数等工艺参量对蓝宝石基片划切质量的影响。结果表明,脉冲绿激光划切蓝宝石基片时,扫描方向平行于入射面线偏振方向,焦点位置为负离焦50μm,可以获得良好的微划槽;脉冲激光能量增加,划槽深度和宽度增加;扫描速率增加,切槽深度减小,划槽宽度先增加后减小;扫描次数增加,划槽深度和宽度增加。这些结果对合理选择激光划切蓝宝石基片工艺参量以获得较好质量的刻槽有一定帮助。

空间用三结砷化镓太阳电池激光划片技术研究

以空间用三结砷化镓太阳电池激光划片为研究对象,对激光光源、功率、脉冲频率、划片速度等参数进行试验研究。研究结果表明：选用功率4 W、频率120 k Hz的355 nm紫外激光光源,采用50 mm/s的切割速度,对三结砷化镓太阳电池有良好的划片效果,切割宽度约14μm、深度约195μm,为激光切割技术用于三结砷化镓太阳电池的批量生产提供可能。