Professional Cognitive Education Model for Agricultural Water Conservancy Engineering under the Background of New Agricultural Science

The construction of new agricultural science requires the use of modern scientific and technological means to transform and enhance current agricultural related majors.The agricultural water conservancy engineering major,with its inherent disciplinary advantages,plays an indispensable and important role in the construction of new agricultural science.In recent years,the lack of professional cognitive education has gradually become a significant problem in the training of talents in agricultural water conservancy engineering.Therefore,this paper deeply analyzes the problems and reasons faced by professional cognitive education,and proposes specific educational strategies for several key aspects such as enrollment promotion,freshman enrollment education,construction of teacher team,combination of scientific research and teaching,and strengthening professional cognition through competition activities.It aims to provide reference for improving the quality of professional cognitive education and exploring effective ways.

Agricultural Water Conservation in the High Plains Aquifer and Arikaree River Basin

Yuma County is the top crop producing County in Colorado that is dependent on groundwater supplies from the High Plains aquifer for irrigation. The Arikaree River, a tributary of the Republican River in eastern Colorado, is supplied with water from the High Plains aquifer. The Arikaree River alluvium is also a habitat for many terrestrial invertebrates and the threatened Hybognathus hankinsoni (Brassy Minnow). The constant demand on the High Plains aquifer has created declining water levels at the linear rate of 0.183 m/year with the deepest pool in the Arikaree River drying up in 8 to 12 years. In addition to the demands for habitats, the surrounding irrigated agricultural lands require water for crop production. These challenges are currently confronting farmers in eastern Colorado and this research presents possible alternatives to meet these demands. This research presents a combination water balance model, water conservation model, and water conservation survey results from farmers in eastern Colorado to identify alternatives to extend the life of the Arikaree River. The first alternative was to examine the reduction in irrigation water from removing the 18 alluvial irrigation wells that could extend the Arikaree River pools from drying up for 30 years. The other scenario found that water conservation practices with participation of 43%, 57%, and 62% of farmers would extend the drying time to 20, 30, and 40 years, respectively. The final alternative studied was the required participation in conservation practices to stop the decline of the High Plains Aquifer. The analysis found that 77% participation of farmers in all conservation alternatives or reducing pumping by 62.9% would be necessary to stabilize the High Plains Aquifer.

The Analysis on the Influence of Water Conservancy Investment on Agricultural Economic Growth: An Empirical Study Based on the Boom Period of Shandong Agriculture

This paper uses econometric methods to carry out a Granger causality test on the construction of water conservancy infrastructure construction and agricultural economic growth in the boom period(1981- 2002) of Shandong agriculture. Empirical results indicate that there exists two-way Granger causality between Shandong water conservancy infrastructure construction and Shandong agricultural economic growth.Therefore,water conservancy infrastructure construction has a significant influence on agricultural economic growth in Shandong.

A Study on Cost Control of Agricultural Water Conservancy Projects Based on Activity-based Costing

Based on the theory of activity-based costing and the idea of value chain,activity optimization and cost control are carried out on the whole construction process of agricultural water conservancy projects. Through the use of literature review,case analysis and statistical analysis and other methods,with agricultural water conservancy projects as the research object,and comparing activity-based costing with the traditional model of cost accounting,the writer carries out the corresponding value chain analysis,and comes to the following conclusion: the statistical calculation and analysis of the entire construction process based on activity-based costing can accurately and effectively control the costs of water conservancy projects. Through the use of activity-based costing,the cost data of agricultural water conservancy projects is more detailed and accurate,and cost management personnel can also find non-value-added activities,optimize the enterprise's value chain and achieve cost control objectives through the analysis of the activity chain and value chain of agricultural water conservancy projects.

Extending the Economic Life of the Ogallala Aquifer with Water Conservation Policies in the Texas Panhandle

The continued decline in the availability of water from the Ogallala Aquifer in the Texas Panhandle has led to an increased interest in conservation policies designed to extend the life of the aquifer and sustain rural economies. Four counties were chosen for evaluation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five policies in terms of changes in the saturated thickness, crop mix, water use per acre, and the net present value of farm profits over a 60-year planning horizon. The dynamic optimization models were developed using GAMS for the baseline as well as one for all five of the policy alternatives for each county. Results indicate that the policy scenarios of biotechnology adoption and a water use restriction will conserve the most water among the policies analyzed. In terms of economic returns, the biotechnology adoption policy by far provides the greatest benefit to producers due to yield increases that are estimated with current annual growth rates in new seed varieties. The water use restriction policy, on the other hand, has the lowest net present value of returns, indicating that conservation is accompanied with significant costs to producers. The irrigation adoption technology scenario is the next best policy in terms of net present value of returns (following biotechnology);however, it ranks last in terms of reducing aquifer depletion. It is important to note that while the models do not perfectly predict the factors being evaluated, it is the basis for comparison between the policy scenarios which are important. These comparisons will aid policy makers in determining the most effective strategy to conserve water while simultaneously considering the economic costs to producers. In addition, the results of this study can be applied to other areas facing similar conditions, either currently or in the future, throughout the Texas Panhandle.

Adoption and Scaling-Up of Conservation Agriculture in Tanzania: Case of Arusha and Dodoma Regions

A study was conducted to assess the adoption and scaling-up of Conservation Agriculture in Arumeru district, Arusha region, northern Tanzania and Chamwino and Dodoma Urban districts in Dodoma region, Central Tanzania. The study employed structured questionnaire survey and key informant interviews as the main data collection methods. Data analysis was done descriptively to determine factors that influence the adoption. Results showed that farmers in Arusha have highly adopted terraces, minimum tillage and cover cropping whereas their counterparts in Dodoma have highly adopted large planting pits, minimum tillage, and rippers. The intensity of adoption in Arusha is higher for the wealthy compared to the poor while in Dodoma the wealth status was not a factor that influenced adoption of the Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies. The process of technology adoption should include the use of various participatory methods including farmer field schools, experimental plots, farmer exchange visits, and training of trainers among others. Use of farmer groups, incentives, and support instruments such as Savings and Credit Co-operative Society (SACCOS) or warehouse receipts systems are also important to ensure that farmers realize some acceptable profits from their efforts. Involvement of various stakeholders is also very important including local governments and agricultural change agents at national, regional, district, ward and village levels. Hence, the intention to promote CA technologies should not only look at the economic importance, but also its socio-economic importance to the local people in the area. Their desire to adopt and out-scale a technology should be among the most important investment factors that the government and development partners should consider.

Evaluation of Potential Impacts of Agricultural Policy Reforms on Sustainability of Groundwater Resources of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia has achieved extensive development and expansion in agriculture sector and achieved self sufficiency in a number of agricultural crops including wheat, fodders, dates, some vegetables and fruits. Considering the future growing need for food and water, government of Saudi Arabia has formulated and implemented a number of policy reforms for conservation, optimal utilization and sustainable development of natural resources of the Kingdom. The present study focuses on potential future impacts on natural resources conservations and strategic planning due to recent policy reforms （Council of Ministers （CoM） on Water Resources Management and Conservation （Decision No. 335）） issued on September 2008. The modeling of wheat agriculture was performed based on detailed analysis of water application practices in wheat growing regions/districts and future projection of wheat irrigation in context of recent government water resources conservation strategy. The results clearly indicated a significant positive impact will be occurred in terms of huge relief on highly stressed and limited national strategic groundwater resources. The present study estimated a saving and conservation of more than 51.0 billion cubic meters （BCM） of non-renewable groundwater resources during next 11 years.

Agricultural sustainability in a sensitive environment——a case analysis of Loess Plateau in China

Loess Plateau, an arid and semi arid region in Northwest China, is well known for its most serious soil erosion in terms of sediment yield each year. Soil erosion, which is intensified by agricultural activities, is the major factor influencing sustainable agriculture development in this region. It reduces productivity by removing nutrients and especially reducing water availability that is essential for crop production in the area. It also brings about off site costs by demanding more efforts for maintenance of banks and dams along Yellow River through raising the riverbed with sediment. Climate is capricious and extreme weather conditions occur frequently, which impairs normal agricultural production with erosion and also decrease of water availability. Extensive way of farming still dominates on the Loess Plateau, which cannot produce satisfying economic results and needs to be improved or altered. Conventional agricultural production pattern needs to be reconsidered for husbandry has not been granted its due position. Agriculture is the backbone of economy. Poor agricultural production impedes economic development and vice versa, backward economy also influences the advancement of agriculture. Besides a large population, education status of farmers is another threshold that requires being resolved for a sustainable agriculture. Although conventional agriculture has been practiced there for more than 5000 years, now it cannot meet the demand for food and fiber by the increasing population and some of its farming practices are contributing to environmental degradation directly or indirectly and can sustain no longer. Agriculture on Loess Plateau needs to find its own way of sustainability. To work toward a sustainable agriculture, chances and challenges both indwell on Loess Plateau.

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Developing Irrigation and Water Conservancy in New Era

This paper expounds the great significance of irrigation and water conservancy for the agricultural development. Vigorously developing irrigation and water conservancy can promote high yield and stable yield of grain, effectively increase farmers' income, alleviate the impact of drought on agricultural production, be conducive to the adjustment of agricultural production structure, and promote county economic development. The difficulties of developing irrigation and water conservancy in new era are analyzed as follows: the subject of liabilities defaults seriously; it lacks effective input security system; the quality of project degenerates badly; the agricultural technological development is slow. Corresponding policy suggestions are put forward as follows: make the input subject of irrigation and water conservancy clear; form stable investment channels; strengthen the organizing and guiding functions of grass-roots government; reinforce the coordination and management of capital; strengthen the promotion of agricultural technology; quicken the pace of reform of irrigation and water conservancy.

Agricultural Changes in Xinjiang in the Sixth Year of Guangxu s Reign from the Perspective of the Monument for Building Qarqi Canal

The Monument for Building Qarqi Canal was inscribed in the sixth year of Guangxu s reign in the Qing Dynasty(1880).This inscription made a detailed record of the event when the Qing army expelled the invading army of Mohammad Yaqub Beg,whenever the Qing army regained a place,it immediately started recruiting exiled people,restoring agriculture,building water conservancy and did other rehabilitation works.The army of the Qing Dynasty successively established rehabilitation bureaus in various parts of southern Xinjiang to be responsible for the rehabilitation works.These once again set off a climax in the development of water conservancy in multi-ethnic areas in Xinjiang,and laid the foundation for the rapid development of agricultural development and water conservancy in Xinjiang during the Guangxu s reign in the Qing Dynasty.

休闲农业协同研学旅行课程开发的规划设计研究——以黄河流域休闲农园镶月湖为例

研学旅行能够激发学生学习兴趣,最大化挖掘并发挥其所长。以此为切入点,以黄河流域休闲农园镶月湖为载体,开展理论与实践相结合的研究,探索在黄河流域休闲农业建设中,兼顾文化、生态治理研学课程开发的规划设计方法,以强化学生的水土保持意识,弘扬流域文化,为研学旅行的教育改革服务。

基于OBE理念的农业高校水利类专业人才培养模式改革研究

水利专业属于传统工科专业,各高校在长期教学实践中形成了“以教为中心”的人才培养模式,已经不能满足当代水利行业工程建设与管理的人才要求。自我国加入华盛顿协议以来,我国高校工程教育进入了全新的发展阶段。农业高校水利类专业需兼顾水利工程专业与服务农业特色两方面的要求,在我国智慧水利与智慧农业建设全面开展的大背景下,亟需对传统人才培养方案进行改革。该文从培养目标、课程体系、课程内容及教学方法等方面探讨了基于成果导向教育(OBE)理念的人才培养模式教学改革方案,可为农业类高校水利专业人才培养模式改革提供借鉴。

Agricultural water conservation in China:plastic mulch and traditional irrigation

Plastic mulch is commonly used with micro-irrigation in developed countries;however,Chinese farmers use plastic mulch on a vast scale independent of micro-irrigation.For the past three decades,China’s land area in plastic mulch has exceeded the world’s total land area in micro-irrigation.We report results from the water-scarce region of Minqin County,where 87%of Chinese farmers interviewed responded that they use plastic mulch to conserve water and 53%to increase yields.Survey results indicated the desire to conserve water through the use of plastic mulch to be statistically equivalent to the desire to increase yields.Responses to interviews and surveys indicate that farmers perceive water savings of 24-26%when plastic mulch is used.Interview and survey responses suggest farming families are shifting to purchasing wheat from outside the region;a potential import of"virtual water"into this water-scarce region.

校企合作实践教育基地人才培养模式——以农业水利工程专业校企合作实践教育基地为例

安徽农业大学农业水利工程专业与安徽省水利科学研究院共建校企合作实践教育基地,通过建立协调育人机制,深化教育教学改革,推动教学与科研紧密结合、学校与社会密切合作,促进大学生在科学研究中学习、在社会实践中学习,提高大学生解决实际问题的实践能力和创新创业能力。通过加强内涵建设、成果共享与示范引领,在促进新工科、新农科建设,以及培养德智体美劳全面发展的高质量人才方面取得了一系列实践成果。

农业水利工程节水灌溉效果的要点分析及优化建议

我国新农村建设是一项提高农民生活水平和生活质量的社会建设工程,而农业水利工程节水灌溉建设作为其不容忽视的一部分,对农作物种植和农业规模发展的作用很大。因此,本文着重分析了我国农业水利工程节水灌溉的建设要点,分析了当下农业水利工程中常见的灌溉模式应用效果以及发展趋势,还针对性地提出了对农业水利工程节水灌溉建设的优化建议。

农业科研试验基地农田水利建设实践与思考——以江苏省农业科学院六合动物科学基地为例

农业科研试验基地作为农业科研工作的重要载体,在科技创新、成果转化和科普教育等方面发挥了重要作用。文章以江苏省农业科学院六合动物科学基地(以下简称“六合基地”)为例,结合日常运行管理工作,总结了六合基地农田水利建设现状,分析了基地在农田水利系统设计、建设及管理中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了农田水利系统科学规划、规范建设施工过程、培育专业团队、创新维修期管理制度等加强农业科研基地灌排系统建设及管理的建议和对策。

农业水价改革中初始水权分配研究

农业初始水权分配是实施农业水价综合改革的基础,是县域强化水资源刚性约束的重要举措,是细化用水计划、严格总量控制和定额管理、加强用水调度的具体实践。为保障农民用水权益,推进用水结构调整、高效利用水资源,完善农业水价形成机制、落实节水奖励和精准补贴机制提供支撑。文章总结了农业水价改革中初始水权分配设计思路,梳理了农业初始水权分配的主要内容,并以陆良县恨虎坝项目区及中坝项目区为例,总结分析农业初始水权分配情况及取得的成效,以期为相关地区改革推进提供参考。

农田灌溉调度过程中存在的问题及优化措施

农田灌溉是农业生产和农村经济发展的关键环节。目前农田灌溉调度存在水资源浪费、灌溉方式不合理、调度方法不科学、调度管理政策不健全、化学品使用不当等一系列问题。为解决这些问题,将从水资源的管理、科研和技术支持、节水灌溉技术以及农民的教育与培训等4方面对灌溉调度存在的问题进行优化和加强。通过采取的优化措施,提高农田灌溉水资源的利用效率、推动农业的生产效率和可持续发展,并维持环境的生态平衡。

基于大数据的萧山区智慧农业水利系统设计与应用

推进智慧水利建设是推动新阶段水利高质量发展的实施路径之一,构建基于大数据的系统平台是智慧水利建设的重要举措。如何高效管理并利用农业资源、提升水利部门之间的业务协作性、解决好防汛排涝、促进农业高效发展是当前杭州市萧山区水利信息化建设过程中亟待解决的关键问题。分析智慧农业水利系统的总体架构,研究基于自主研发模型云平台的萧山区智慧农业水利系统主要功能及应用成效,结果表明,系统运行成效显著。

农业灌排一体化ABR管网系统的研发和数值模拟

【目的】设计一种适用于山东平原地区辣椒类旱田作物的农田灌排一体化ABR管网系统。【方法】采用试验测试、CFD数值模拟和试点应用的方法,开展了农田灌排一体化系统的管网优化布置和性能测试。【结果】①与单环和树状管网相比,双环等距管网布局能将系统内各灌排桩出水占比的离散系数从1.327降低至0.766,从而提高系统的供水平衡性;②单套管网系统适宜农田面积为1.5 hm2,且各灌排桩应采用50 m等间距布置;该设置下,各灌排桩灌溉出水口的流速为0.60~0.24 m/s,能够在12 h内完成农田灌溉;③系统的灌排桩单桩排水能力为28.8 m^(3)/h,足以确保在大暴雨期间农田内不会积水。【结论】该系统的实施能显著提高农田灌溉和抗洪排涝能力。