Effects of Different Analog Water-soluble Fertilizers on Flue-cured Tobacco

This study aimed to investigate the application effect of analog water-soluble fertilizer as an alternative of flue-cured tobacco-specific topdressing fertilizer. A field experiment was conducted, and the dry matter accumulation, intrinsic chemical composition, smoking quality and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco were compared between analog water-soluble fertilizer and conventional fertilizer, The results showed compared with conventional fertilizer, analog water-soluble fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco by 4.90%-16.70%, increased the yield of flue-cured tobacco by 6%-15%, and increased the output of flue-cured tobacco by 5%-14%. In terms of chemical composition, the flue-cured tobacco applied with analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than that applied with conventional fertilizer, except the nicotine content in the upper leaves, the potassium content in the middle leaves and the reducing sugar content. The smoking quality of both the upper and middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the analog water-soluble fertilizer treatment groups was better than that in the conventional fertilizer treatment group. In short, analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than conventional fertilizer, with advantages of lower cost （reduced by 381.60 yuan/hm2）, lower application amount （reduced by 165 kg/hm2） and higher utilization efficiency.

Screening Test of Water-soluble Fertilizers for Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to find water-soluble fertilizers( WSFs) suitable for watermelon cultivation in Hainan area.[Methods] The effects of three WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were studied.[Results]Fahai·Jiabao WSF improved watermelon yield by 7.87% compared with the CK,and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 yuan/667 m^2.And it could significantly improve soluble sugar,Vc and protein contents,and could effectively reduce nitrate content.[Conclusions]Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer,and has the market prospect of large-area application and extension.

Evaluation of Application Effect of Silicon-containing Water-soluble Fertilizer on Fast Vegetables

[Objectives]The study aims to verify the application effect of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on fast vegetables.[Methods]Two vegetable crops,rape and lettuce,were studied,and three treatments were set up,including treatment 1(conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer,treatment 2(conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of the same amount of clear water),and treatment 3(conventional fertilization).[Results]The yield of lettuce and rape in treatment 1 increased by 15.1%and 8.6%,respectively;compared with treatment 3,the yield of lettuce and rape rose by 18.6%and 10.9%,respectively.Variance analysis shows that the F values of lettuce and rape were 20.938 and 35.372,respectively,and the differences among various treatments were extremely significant.[Conclusions]The application of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on lettuce and rape significantly increased their yield.

Study on structural characteristics of pillared clay modified phosphate fertilizers and its increase efficiency mechanism

Three types of new high-efficiency phosphate fertilizers were made when pillared clays at certain proportions were added into ground phosphate rock. Chemical analyses showed that their soluble phosphorus content decreased more than that of superphosphate. Pot experiment showed that, under equal weights, the new fertilizers increased their efficiency by a large margin over that of superphosphate. Researches on their structures by means of XRD, IR and EPR spectrum revealed that their crystal structures changed considerably, improving their activity and preventing the fixation of available phosphorus in the soil, and consequently, greatly improved the bioavailability and became the main cause of the increase of biomass.

Preparation and characterization of controlled-release fertilizers coated with marine polysaccharide derivatives

Encapsulation of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizers by membranes can be used to control the release of nutrients to maximize the fertilization ef fect and reduce environmental pollution.In this research,we formulated a new double-coated controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)by using food-grade microcrystalline wax(MW)and marine polysaccharide derivatives(calcium alginate and chitosan-glutaraldehyde copolymer).The pellets of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer were coated with the marine polysaccharide derivatives and MW.A convenient and eco-friendly method was used to prepare the CRF.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the products.The nitrogen-release properties were determined in water using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The controlled-release properties of the fertilizer were improved dramatically after coating with MW and the marine polysaccharide derivatives.The results show that the double-coated CRFs can release nitrogen in a controlled manner,have excellent controlled-release features,and meet the European Standard for CRFs.

Toxicity evaluation of collagen hydrolysates from chrome shavings and their potential use in the preparation of amino acid fertilizer for crop growth

Resource utilization of chrome shavings(CS)has attracted a lot of attention from scientists and technologists in leather industry.Especially,the collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS are expected to find potential application values in agricultural field.However,there is no biotoxicity analysis of collagen hydrolysates from CS.Herein,the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced from CS by three hydrolysis dechroming methods including alkaline hydrolysis,enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline-enzymatic synergistic hydrolysis,and the optimal hydrolysis process of CS was designed and conducted.To evaluate their toxicity,the three collagen hydrolysates were formulated into a nutrient solution for zebrafish development.The obtained results indicated that the hydrolysates with low concentrations(less than 0.6 mg/mL)were safe and could promote the development for zebrafish embryos.Furthermore,the three collagen hydrolysates were utilized as organic nitrogen sources and formulated into amino acid water-soluble fertilizers(AAWSF)including alkaline type fertilizer(OH),enzymatic type fertilizer(M)and alkaline-enzymatic type fertilizer(OH-M)for the early soilless seeding cultivation of wheat,soybean and rapeseed.It is worth mentioning that the chromium contents in the prepared AAWSF were less than 10 mg/kg,which is far less than the limit value in the standard(China,50 mg/kg).The growth and development of seedlings(germination rate,plant height,fresh weight of leaves,soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content)were investigated.The corresponding results showed that the growth of seedlings watered with AAWSF was better compared with the other treatments,and the OH-M fertilizer had the best promoting effect on the seedlings growth and development,followed by the M and OH fertilizers.The safe toxicity assessment of the collagen hydrolysates will expand their application scope,and the use of collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS for seedlings growth also provides an effective and reason-able way to deal with the chromium-containing leather solid waste,which is an effective way to realize its resource utilization.

Soil Organic Carbon Transformation and Related Properties in Urban Soil Under Impervious Surfaces

Installation of impervious surface in urban area prevents the exchange of material and energy between soil and other environmental counterparts,thereby resulting in negative effects on soil function and urban environment.Soil samples were collected at 0-20cm depth in Nanjing City,China,in which seven sites were selected for urban open soils,and fourteen sites with similar parent material were selected for the impervious-covered soils,to examine the effect of impervious surface on soil properties and microbial activities,and to determine the most important soil properties associated with soil organic carbon(SOC)transformation in the urban soils covered by impervious surfaces.Soil organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)concentrations,potential carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)mineralization rates,basal respiration,and physicochemical properties with respect to C transformation were measured.Installation of impervious surface severely affected soil physicochemical properties and microbial activities,e.g.,it significantly decreased total N contents,potential C mineralization and basal respiration rate(P<0.01),while increased pH,clay and Olsen-P concentrations.Soil organic carbon in the sealed soils at 0-20 cm was 2.35 kg m^(-2),which was significantly lower than the value of 4.52 kg m^(-2)in the open soils(P<0.05).Canonical correlation analysis showed WSOC played a major role in determining SOC transformation in the impervious-covered soil,and it was highly correlated with total N content and potential C mineralization rate.These findings demonstrate that installation of impervious surface in urban area,which will result in decreases of SOC and total N concentrations and soil microbial activities,has certain negative consequences for soil fertility and long-term storage of SOC.