RESEARCH OF THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON A NEW HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC HAMMER

A new typed hydraulic system of electro hydraulic hammer is researched and developed By means of power bond graphs the modeling and simulation to the dynamic characteristics of the new hydraulic system are performed The experimental research which is emphasized on the blowing stroke is also performed It is proved from the result of simulation and experiment that this new hydraulic system possesses such advantages as simplification of structure,flexibleness of operation and reliability of working Especially it possesses better dynamic characteristics

RESEARCH ON THE ENERGY ECONOMIZATION OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC HAMMER

The research on the driving principle and economization of energy of electro-hydraulic hammer is discussed. By means of the balance chart of energy, the method and formulas to calculate every level efficiency and the total efficiency of steam drived hammer are formed.With the aid of actual data of plants,the actual efficiency of steam drived hammer is got. The working principle and the driving system of electro-hydraulic hammer are introduced. The procedure of energy energy of this hammer is analyzed. The utilization ratio of energy of this type of hammer is got. It is shown that the efficiency of electro-hydraulic hammer is 7 times as much as that of steam drived hammer.

Structure Parameters Optimization Analysis of Hydraulic Hammer System

In order to improve the impact performance, the structure of hydraulic hammer should be optimized. In this paper, the ranges of eight vital structure parameters of piston and reversing valve system of hydraulic hammer were selected firstly;and then found the best value of different parameters under experiments with the method of computer optimization and the parametric analysis method provided by ADAMS software. These methods worked and the best design values of parameters of hydraulic hammer were obtained. At last, the optimal impact energy of virtual prototype of hydraulic breaking hammer was calculated and compared with the original impact performance. The results reveal that impact performance of hydraulic hammer has been improved significantly.

Water hammer in coarse grained solid liquid flows in hydraulic hoisting for ocean mining

The particles of polymetallic nodules in hydraulic hoisting flows that are used for mining in deep sea are rather coarse, therefore their flow velocity is smaller than that of the surrounding water. The characteristics of solid liquid flows such as their density, concentration, elastic modulus and resistance were discussed. The wave propagation speed and the continuity and momentum equations of water hammer in coarse grained solid liquid flows were theoretically derived, and a water hammer model for such flows was developed.

Magma chamber growth models in the upper crust: A review of the hydraulic and inertial constraints

Finite volumes of magma moving in confinement, store hydraulic potential energy for the generation,control and transmission of power. The Pascal's principle in a hydraulic jack arrangement is used to model the vertical and lateral growth of sills. The small input piston of the hydraulic jack is equivalent to the feeder dike, the upper large expansible piston equivalent to the magmatic chamber and the inertial force of the magma in the dike is the input force. This arrangement is particularly relevant to the case of sills expanding with blunt tips, for which rapid fracture propagation is inhibited. Hydraulic models concur with experimental data that show that lateral expansion of magma into a sill is promoted when the vertical ascent of magma through a feeder dike reaches the bottom contact with an overlying, flat rigid-layer. At this point, the magma is forced to decelerate, triggering a pressure wave through the conduit caused by the continued ascent of magma further down(fluid-hammer effect). This pressure wave can provide overpressure enough to trigger the initial hydraulic lateral expansion of magma into an incipient sill, and still have enough input inertial force left to continue feeding the hydraulic system. The lateral expansion underneath the strong impeding layer, causes an area increase and thus, further hydraulic amplification of the input inertial force on the sides and roof of the incipient sill, triggering further expansion in a self-reinforcing process. Initially, the lateral pressure increase is larger than that in the roof allowing the sill to expand. However, expansion eventually increases the total integrated force on the roof allowing its uplift into either a laccolith, if the roof preserves continuity, or into a piston bounded by a circular set of fractures. Hydraulic models for shallow magmatic chambers, also suggest that laccolith-like intrusions require the existence of a self-supported chamber roof. In contrast, if the roof of magmatic chambers loses the self-supporting capacity, lopoliths and calderas should be expected for more or less dense magmas, respectively, owing to the growing influence of the density contrast between the host rock and the magma.

基于Bentley Hammer的泵站输水系统管道优化前后的水力过渡过程研究

为了研究泵站输水系统管道优化前后事故停泵的水力过渡过程的特性,基于实际工程,运用Bentley Hammer软件,建立泵站输水系统双泵并联机组数学模型,研究两阶段不同关阀方案下管道优化前后对水锤压力、机组转速等最不利水锤参数的影响。结果表明,管道优化后最大水锤压力降低了3.76%~8.85%,最小水锤压力提升了4.89%~8.85%,最大倒转速度提高了1.47%~81.35%;快关时间对最不利水锤参数有显著影响,管道优化后泵站输水系统最不利水锤参数均比优化前提前发生。表明管道优化有效改善了泵站输水系统的水锤特性,提高了泵站输水系统的安全性。

液压破碎锤活塞横裂机理分析与工艺优化

针对破碎锤中的活塞横裂现象,分析了活塞产生横裂的机理,并提出了一种新的活塞热处理制造工艺。采用硬度计和金相组织显微镜对活塞材料进行分析,得出发生活塞横裂故障部位的材料成分和金相组织符合设计要求,而硬度和硬化层深度低于设计要求。利用ANSYS求解活塞“卡死”情况下的最大应力为1229.8 MPa,超出材料的屈服极限850 MPa,最大应力的位置在活塞横裂处;利用Fluent求解活塞所受的径向不平衡力,在活塞的回油槽中受到的最大径向力为3408 N,最小径向力为10 N,在活塞的进油槽中,最大径向力为15675 N,最小径向力为73 N。结果表明,活塞在径向不平衡力作用下形成的“卡死”现象是活塞发生横裂的主要原因。提出延长活塞的渗碳时间、增加活塞在热处理过程中的校直次数等热处理新工艺,经耐久实验验证,所提工艺可以有效解决活塞横裂问题。

钻井利器的故事之“液动潜孔锤”

在各种钻探方法中,液动冲击回转钻进具有效率高、质量好、回次长、事故少、成本低等优点,而液动潜孔锤又是液动冲击回转钻进的技术核心。本文梳理了各种液动潜孔锤的结构特点及其与绳索取心钻具、孔底动力钻具相结合衍生的各种钻具,简要介绍了这一技术的典型应用案例,总结归纳了其下一步发展方向和技术难点,以期普及液动锤的应用,促进液动冲击回转钻进技术的进步。

C92K型数控全液压模锻锤常见故障分析与维护

数控全液压模锻锤是目前世界上最先进的模锻设备,既可以实现打击能量及工序的数字化控制,也可以实现自动化连线。结合对数控全液压模锻锤工作原理及结构特点,对其常见故障的排除方法及日常维护进行归纳总结。

阻断水锤传播的调压塔水力特性及其应用

安全可控的水锤压力是保障长距离有压输水工程稳定运行的必要条件,然而对于超长有压输水系统,还需要重点关注局部爆管等极端事故产生的超标水锤压强,其在全线蔓延导致整个输水系统瘫痪,可能引发次生危害。为解决极端水锤压力在整个输水系统传播的问题,首先提出一种阻断水锤传播的圆筒式溢流调压塔结构,通过将调压塔进水管竖直向上深入调压塔内部,形成圆筒式溢流调压塔,利用调压塔结构将进出水管道有效分割,以此阻断水锤的传播。随后通过模型试验和数值模拟方法分析了阻断式调压塔的水力特性,发现调压塔内流态均匀,溢流水体能在调压塔内充分消能后进入下游管线。最后将此调压塔应用于引绰济辽有压管线中,发现当管线出现局部爆管事故时,此调压塔能有效阻断负水锤的传播,避免水锤在全线蔓延,缩小事故影响范围。研究成果可为超长距离输水系统的水锤防护措施研究提供借鉴依据。

活塞式蓄能器在超大型液压打桩锤上的应用研究

活塞式蓄能器作为液压打桩锤补偿峰值流量的辅助动力源,对液压打桩锤的动态特性有重要影响。为了优化液压打桩锤的动态特性,对双作用液压打桩锤的工作原理进行了分析,阐述了蓄能器类型的选择依据,对蓄能器容积、充气压力参数计算进行了理论分析。针对液压打桩锤打击过程中流量、压力动态变化大及流量、压力非线性耦合的特性,基于AMESim软件平台建立液压打桩锤仿真模型,以4400 kJ超大型液压打桩锤的相关数据为基础,确定仿真参数,研究蓄能器充气压力分别为18、 14 MPa条件下,对锤芯位移、速度、加速度等动态特性的影响。仿真结果表明,蓄能器充气压力18 MPa,打击过程中液压缸无杆腔峰值流量不足,最大打击速度5.5 m/s,最大打击加速度14.1 m/s^(2);而蓄能器充气压力降低到14 MPa,无杆腔没有出现供油不足现象,最大打击速度6 m/s,最大打击加速度14.2 m/s^(2),实现了打击速度快、系统稳定性好的控制效果。

基于高频水击压力页岩气井暂堵效果评价

高频压力监测技术是一种实时、简单、低成本的压裂监测方法,压裂顶替结束后,地面泵车快速降低排量,在井筒中产生水击波。通过高频采集和分析施工过程中激发的水击压力波,正演获取井下压裂改造进液深度,对段内裂缝起裂位置、暂堵转向效果、桥塞机械封隔等进行有效评估,从而辅助评价压裂施工效果,指导现场施工决策,实现资源合理配置,保证页岩气藏综合开发效益。本文通过在长宁某页岩气水平井暂堵压裂中应用高频压力监测技术,对暂堵转向效果及桥塞机械封隔效果进行评估。同时,根据水击压力波的衰减特性评估了井下裂缝的复杂程度。最后,对比了其在长宁某井和基于暂堵前后压力增的压力曲线暂堵判定法的诊断效果,高频压力监测技术对暂堵转向效果识别能力更强,识别率从45%提升至75%,诊断效果更佳。高频水击压力监测的应用能辅助页岩气水平井压裂工艺参数优化,助力国内页岩气藏高效开发。

事故停泵工况下蝶阀关闭规律对并联大型离心泵组的水锤影响研究

泵后蝶阀是泵站水锤防护的重要装置,采取合适的关阀规律是降低事故停泵时水泵最大反转转速和管线最大压力,保证水泵安全运行的关键,本文以犬木塘输水工程为研究对象,利用一维特征线法对事故停机水锤进行数值模拟计算,分析了液控蝶阀线性关闭规律与两阶段关闭规律对并联大型离心泵组的影响。采取控制变量法,分别以快关时间、慢关时间、快关阀门关闭量作为变量着重分析了两阶段关闭规律下供水系统最大压力和水泵最大反转转速的变化,通过比较2泵同停和1泵运行1泵停止工况下停泵水锤,得到了最佳的关阀规律。结果表明:相比于线性关闭规律,合适的两阶段关闭规律能显著降低管线最大压力,减少水泵最大反转转速,影响水泵最大反转转速的主要因素为快关阀门关闭量,次要因素为阀门快关时间和阀门慢关时间;在合适的阈值内快关阀门关闭量越大、阀门快关时间越短、阀门慢关时间越短为最佳的两阶段阀门关闭规律。

长距离负扬程加压泵站调水工程水力控制方式探讨

事故掉电引发的停泵水锤是泵站调水工程安全运行最主要的威胁之一,而对于下游水位低于上游水位的长距离负扬程加压泵站调水工程而言,事故停泵易造成管道拉空,负水锤防护难度较大,因此,针对其停泵工况的水力控制研究十分重要。以某长距离负扬程泵站调水工程为例,模拟计算了事故停泵、阀门拒动这一控制性工况下的水力过渡过程,并对比分析了空气罐、空气阀与空气阀联合空气阀调压室3种水力控制方案的水锤防护效果。结果表明:对于长距离负扬程加压泵站调水系统而言,当采用空气罐的水力控制方式时,所需的空气罐体积较大,投资高昂;当单纯采用空气阀的水力控制方式时,难以有效解决管道局部高点处负压较大的问题,仍可能诱发弥合性水锤;当将部分空气阀附加一根短管组合成空气阀调压室后,能够有效控制管内负压。空气阀与空气阀调压室联合防护是一种十分经济且有效的水锤防护方案,可为这类负扬程加压调水工程的水力控制方式选取提供参考。

泵站停泵水锤事故溯源分析及防护

为研究两阶段缓闭止回阀关阀时间及类型对停泵水锤的影响,以蓝山县高塘坪分置式抽水蓄能工程中的泵站为例,基于两阶段缓闭止回阀工作原理,采用数值模拟方法溯源分析停泵水锤事故产生原因,并对比不同工况下液控蝶阀及多功能水泵控制阀在相同总关阀时间下的停泵水锤防护效果。结果表明,液控蝶阀关阀规律不合理是导致停泵水锤事故的主要原因;与液控蝶阀相比,多功能水泵控制阀在不同工况下的一阶段零流速的自适应关阀方式,可显著降低停泵工况下的水锤峰;经现场实测获取更换多功能水泵控制阀后的停泵水锤曲线,多功能水泵控制阀有效地解决了泵站水锤防护问题,提升了泵站的安全韧性。

高能液动锤超硬岩快速钻进成套装备与技术

当煤矿井下瓦斯抽放孔钻孔施工中遇到f≥12的岩层时,采用PDC钻头的回转切削效率极低。为解决煤矿井下硬岩钻进的技术难题,提出了煤矿井下高能液动锤的成套配置方案。采用该技术方案开展了井下钻孔试验。试验结果表明,在石英砂岩(10≤f≤12)中,机械钻速18.63~32.84 m/h;在硅质泥岩(12≤f≤17)中,平均机械钻速21.91 m/h。为煤矿井下硬岩钻进提供了一种新技术,可提高煤矿硬岩钻进效率。

某水下打桩锤主控阀缓冲装置建模与仿真

为研究某水下打桩锤缓冲装置的结构对主控阀缓冲性能的影响,介绍缓冲装置的结构组成和缓冲原理,考虑液压油泄漏导致主控阀腔内压力和温度的变化,结合热力学和流体动力学理论建立缓冲装置的动态数学模型,基于MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建仿真模型并进行仿真分析,研究液压系统回油背压、缓冲腔直径、泄漏缝隙高度和长度等参数对缓冲性能的影响规律。结果表明:打桩锤主控阀缓冲装置的泄漏缝隙高度、泄漏缝隙长度和缓冲腔直径对缓冲性能的影响显著,液压系统的回油背压影响相对较小。研究结果为主控阀缓冲装置的设计和结构参数的优化提供理论依据。

云南某铅锌矿区复杂地层钻探施工技术应用研究

云南某铅锌矿区地质条件复杂,岩石松散破碎,泥岩、页岩及煤系层发育,钻探施工中存在孔壁垮塌、缩径、卡钻、埋钻和成孔难度大、岩心采取率低等难题,施工进度慢,效率低。结合矿区复杂地层特点,通过采用金刚石底喷钻头、跟管钻进技术、高密度低失水泥浆等一系列钻探技术措施,应用绳索取心液动锤钻进技术,有效减少了孔内事故的发生,平均四次进尺提高22.97%,为项目的安全、高效和优质完提供了坚实的技术保障,为类似复杂地层的施工积累了经验。

火电厂循泵出口蝶阀热工常见故障分析

循环水泵作为电力生产系统的重要辅机,对火电厂的安全稳定运行有至关重要的作用。对循泵出口蝶阀的液压系统原理、操作方法进行了介绍,总结了循泵出口蝶阀热工常见故障问题以及解决方案,并根据实例逐步解析、拆检和修复、更换失效部件,为后续检修工作提供技术经验支撑,提升设备的运行稳定性。

液控缓闭蝶阀运行中存在的问题及解决方案

文章以长距离输水工程运行为例,介绍了缓闭蝶阀在输水泵站中的应用,阐述了蓄能罐式液控缓闭蝶阀结构和工作原理,分析了其在工程实际应用中的优缺点,并提出改进方案。通过增加液压伺服闭环系统,充分发挥电、液两类伺服的优点,使泵站及输水管线运行更加平稳安全,对高扬程输水管线水锤危害及水泵的倒转现象起到了很好的抑制作用,其改进措施可供其他同类型输水工程借鉴参考。