Review of the Analysis and Suppression for High-frequency Oscillations of the Grid-connected Wind Power Generation System

High-frequency oscillation(HFO)of gridconnected wind power generation systems(WPGS)is one of the most critical issues in recent years that threaten the safe access of WPGS to the grid.Ensuring the WPGS can damp HFO is becoming more and more vital for the development of wind power.The HFO phenomenon of wind turbines under different scenarios usually has different mechanisms.Hence,engineers need to acquire the working mechanisms of the different HFO damping technologies and select the appropriate one to ensure the effective implementation of oscillation damping in practical engineering.This paper introduces the general assumptions of WPGS when analyzing HFO,systematically summarizes the reasons for the occurrence of HFO in different scenarios,deeply analyses the key points and difficulties of HFO damping under different scenarios,and then compares the technical performances of various types of HFO suppression methods to provide adequate references for engineers in the application of technology.Finally,this paper discusses possible future research difficulties in the problem of HFO,as well as the possible future trends in the demand for HFO damping.

Identification and Analysis of High-Frequency Oscillations in the Eyewalls of Tropical Cyclones

High-frequency oscillations, with periods of about 2 hours, are first identified by applying wavelet analysis to observed minutely wind speeds around the eye and eyewall of tropical cyclones（TCs）. Analysis of a model simulation of Typhoon Hagupit（2008） shows that the oscillations also occur in the TC intensity, vertical motion, convergence activity and air density around the eyewall. Sequences of oscillations in these variables follow a certain order.

Two Types of Potential Oscillation During the Reduction of Dichromate on Gold Electrode in H2SO4 Solution

Two different types of potential oscillations have been identified for the first time during dichromate reduction on a gold electrode in a solution of dilute sulfuric acid. One occurs before hydrogen evolution due to the formation and dissolution of passivating films of low-valence chromium oxides, and the other generates, accompanying periodic hydrogen evolution, from the coupling of electrochemical reactions with diffusive and convective mass transport. More interestingly, these two types of oscillations correspond to two crossing loops in the cyclic voltammogram （CV）. Such a relation of oscillations with crossed CVs will provide a new way to find electrochemical oscillatory systems systematically and rapidly.

OSCILLATION FREQUENCY THEORY OF A PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR INLIQUID PHASE WITH TWO SEPARATED－ELECTRODES

In this paper, an oscillation frequency equation for a pizoelectric sensor with two separated-electrodes is theoretically derived and experimentally verified. The correlatione of the oscillation frequency and the liquid properties are investigated.

Variations in High-frequency Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Variations in the high-frequency oscillations of tropical cyclones （TCs） over the western North Pacific （WNP） are studied in numerical model simulations. Power spectrum analysis of maximum wind speeds at 10 m （MWS10） from an ensemble of 15 simulated TCs shows that oscillations are significant for all TCs. The magnitudes of oscillations in MWS10 are similar in the WNP and South China Sea （SCS）; however, the mean of the averaged significant periods in the SCS （1.93 h） is shorter than that in the open water of the WNP （2.83 h）. The shorter period in the SCS is examined through an ensemble of simulations, and a case simulation as well as a sensitivity experiment in which the continent is replaced by ocean for Typhoon Hagupit （2008）. The analysis of the convergence efficiency within the boundary layer suggests that the shorter periods in the SCS are possibly due to the stronger terrain effect, which intensifies convergence through greater friction. The enhanced convergence strengthens the disturbance of the gradient and thermal wind balances, and then contributes to the shorter oscillation periods in the SCS.

A note for the mechanism of high-frequency oscillation instability resulted from absorbing boundary conditions

In this paper the explanation of the mechanism of high-frequency oscillation instability resulted from absorbing boundary conditions is further improved. And we analytically prove the proposition that for one dimensional discrete model of elastic wave motion, the module of reflection factor will be greater than 1 in high frequency band when artificial wave velocity is greater than 1.5 times the ratio of discrete space step to discrete time step. Based on the proof, the frequency band in which instability occurs is discussed in detail, showing such high-frequency waves are meaningless for the numerical simulation of wave motion.

COMPARISON OF HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION VEN-TILATION WITH CONVENTIONAL MANDATORY VENTILATION IN ANIMAL ARDS MODEL

To compare effect of high-frequency oscillation ventilation （HFOV） and conventional mandatory ventilation （CMV） on lung injury development in rabbit with acute respiratory distress syndrome （ ARDS）. Methods Animals that underwent saline lung lavage to produce lung injury were randomized to one of the two treatment groups （ HFOV or CMV, n =6）. PaCO2 was maintained between 35 -45mmHg and arterial oxygen saturation （ SaO2 ） was maintain 〉 88% by adjusting corresponding ventilator parameters. Ventilation period was 6h. Lung fluids were aspirated before and at the end of ventilation for cell analysis. Then the animals were euthanized, lung tissue was removed for wet/dry weight measurement, light and electron microscopic examination. Besults The difference of artery blood gas analyses（pH, PaO2, PaCO2 ） between HFOV and CMV was insignificant. The difference between HFOV and CMV in cytological examination of lung fluids, wet/dry weight measurement was also insignificant. But compared with CMV, HFOV not only reduced the area of lung injury, but also reduced lung injury score in light and electron microscopic examination. Conclusion When same artery blood gas analysis was obtained, HFOV significantly reduced lung injury development in ARDS animal than CMV. As a lung protection strategy, HFOV can be used in the treatment of ARDS.

Influence of high frequency pulse on electrode wear in micro-EDM

An electromagnetic coupling mathematical model is established by finite element method and is verified by the contrastive experiments of copper matrix Ni-TiN cylindrical coating electrode,copper electrode and Cu50 W electrode.The wear mechanism of Ni-TiN/Cu composite electrode in the case of high-frequency pulse current is studied,and the influence of the fluctuation frequency of discharge current on electrode wear in micro-EDM is found out.Compared with the electrode made from homogeneous material,the high frequency electromagnetic properties of Ni-TiN composite layer can be used effectively to inhibit the effect of high frequency pulse on the electrode and improve the distribution trend of current density.

Simulation of wind-induced near-inertial oscillations in a mixed layer near the east coast of Korea in the East/Japan Sea

Using a simple damped slab model, it was possible to show that a local wind induced 88% （15 of 17） of the near-inertial oscillations （NIO） observed in the mixed layer near the east coast of Korea from 1999 to 2004. The model, however, overestimated the energy level in about two-thirds of the simulated cases, because the slab model was forced with winds whose characteristic period was shorter than the damping time scale of the model at 1.5 d. At the observation site, due to typhoons and orographic effects, high-frequency wind forcing is quite common, as is the overestimation of the energy level in the slab model results. In short, a simple slab model with a damping time-scale of about 1.5 d would be enough to show that the local wind was the main energy source of the near-inertial energy in this area, but the model could not be used to accurately estimate the amount of the work done by the wind to the mixed layer.

利用吸合电极实现亚微米电极间隙的可制造性设计

提出一种利用吸合电极结构的可制造性设计手段,实现亚微米电极间隙的方法。利用静电力拉动可动电极位移实现超出光刻和刻蚀能力的超窄间隙,使得敏感电极间隙由1.3μm减小至300nm,通过该方法获得的亚微米电极间隙对工艺离散性不敏感,电极间隙的不一致性可以下降1个数量级。结合本文提出的I2BAR结构的可制造性设计方法,可以实现完整的微机电系统(MEMS)振荡器可制造性设计。

Prognostic value of high-frequency oscillations combined with multimodal imaging methods for epilepsy surgery

Background:The combination of high-frequency oscillations(HFOs)with single-mode imaging methods has been proved useful in identifying epileptogenic zones,whereas few studies have examined HFOs combined with multimodal imaging methods.The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of ripples,an HFO subtype with a frequency of 80 to 200 Hz is combined with multimodal imaging methods in predicting epilepsy surgery outcome.Methods:HFOs were analyzed in 21 consecutive medically refractory epilepsy patients who underwent epilepsy surgery.All patients underwent positron emission tomography(PET)and deep electrode implantation for stereo-electroencephalography(SEEG);11 patients underwent magnetoencephalography(MEG).Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy in predicting surgical outcome were calculated for ripples combined with PET,MEG,both PET and MEG,and PET combined with MEG.Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted in each group to estimate prognostic value.Results:The study included 13 men and 8 women.Accuracy for ripples,PET,and MEG alone in predicting surgical outcome was 42.9%,42.9%,and 81.8%,respectively.Accuracy for ripples combined with PET and MEG was the highest.Resection of regions identified by ripples,MEG dipoles,and combined PET findings was significantly associated with better surgical outcome(P<0.05).Conclusions:Intracranial electrodes are essential to detect regions which generate ripples and to remove these areas which indicate good surgical outcome for medically intractable epilepsy.With the assistance of presurgical noninvasive imaging examinations,PET and MEG,for example,the SEEG electrodes would identify epileptogenic regions more effectively.

Expert consensus on clinical applications of high-frequency oscillations in epilepsy

Studies in animal models of epilepsy and pre-surgical patients have unanimously found a strong correlation between high-frequency oscillations(HFOs,>80 Hz)and the epileptogenic zone,suggesting that HFOs can be a potential biomarker of epileptogenicity and epileptogenesis.This consensus includes the definition and standard detection techniques of HFOs,the localizing value of pathological HFOs for epileptic foci,and different ways to distinguish physiological from epileptic HFOs.The latest clinical applications of HFOs in epilepsy and the related findings are also discussed.HFOs will advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of epilepsy.

High-frequency oscillations detected by electroencephalography as biomarkers to evaluate treatment outcome,mirror pathological severity and predict susceptibility to epilepsy

High-frequency oscillations(HFOs)in the electroencephalography(EEG)have been extensively investigated as a potential biomarker of epileptogenic zones.The understanding of the role of HFOs in epilepsy has been advanced considerably over the past decade,and the use of scalp EEG facilitates recordings of HFOs.HFOs were initially applied in large scale in epilepsy surgery and are now being utilized in other applications.In this review,we summarize applications of HFOs in 3 subtopics:(1)HFOs as biomarkers to evaluate epilepsy treatment outcome;(2)HFOs as biomarkers to measure seizure propensity;(3)HFOs as biomarkers to reflect the pathological severity of epilepsy.Nevertheless,knowledge regarding the above clinical applications of HFOs remains limited at present.Further validation through prospective studies is required for its reliable application in the clinical management of individual epileptic patients.

Electrode type membrane diffusion oscillator

PERIODIC and chaotic phenomena in the living system are closely related with the diffusion process through a membrane. In order to understand the relation, the exploration has been carried out continuously. So far, several types of membrane oscillators have been found, such as solid membrane oscillator, liquid membrane oscillator and salt-water oscillator. But the relationships between these various oscillators and experimental conditions of the transition from

脉冲GMAW熔滴过渡动态过程的解析模型

在脉冲GMAW过程中,电流的突然转变会引起熔滴在焊丝末端的明显振荡,合理的利用向下振荡的动量可控制熔滴过渡。该文基于熔滴受力分析,建立了脉冲GMAW熔滴过渡的解析模型,并对熔滴的振荡和脱离过程进行分析,定量计算焊接工艺参数对熔滴过渡过程动态行为的影响,可用于指导脉冲GMAW主动控制模式下一脉一滴过渡工艺参数的优化设计。

修饰电极化学振荡计时电流法应用于苯胺的检测

提出并建立一种新的分析方法──化学振荡计时电流法。本文研究并比较了各种噻吩烷基衍生物修饰电极对Br-的电催化作用，成功地将聚乙基噻吩修饰电极应用于“苯胺－H2SO4－KBrO3”化学振荡体系计时电流法的研究，发现振荡周期的对数与苯胺浓度呈良好的线性关系，线性相关系数为0．9985。用于废水中苯胺的测定，取得满意的结果。

三电极电导率传感器测量电路的研制

三电极电导率传感器是用于海洋环境测量的重要仪器之一。三电极电导率传感器主要由三电极电导池和信号转换电路组成。主要论述高精度三电极电导率传感器测量电路的工作原理和实现方法,分别从振荡器、自动增益控制和抗干扰设计三个方面进行阐述。此外,为了实现传感器测量电路的高精度,还要对电路板进行温度补偿,消除整个线路器件带来的测量误差。最后选用自行研制的5#三电极电导率传感器与海鸟SBE49三电极电导率传感器进行比测实验。通过5#传感器与海鸟SBE49的比测数据可得,5#电导率传感器的重复性误差均在±0.003 mS/cm以内,说明电路的性能良好,可实现电导率传感器的高精度测量。

使用双电极Mach-Zehnder调制器产生毫米波的新型mm-ROF系统

针对光学倍乘法生成的毫米波幅度难以调整到最佳的问题,提出使用双电极Mach-Zehnder调制器生成毫米波的方案。光波进入双电极调制器分为两路分别由两反相的微波信号调相,叠加后产生FM-IM转换效应,经光电转换后产生的高次谐波含有毫米波成分,只需调整调相指数就可使所需的毫米波幅度最大。另外还提出用子载波调制并充分利用MZ强度调制器的非线性特性实现为上行链路提供远程本振的方法。仿真系统实现了数据在上下行链路的传输,证明基于该毫米波生成技术和远程本振产生方法的毫米波ROF系统的可行性。

磷酸溶液中铜阳极溶解的电流混沌振荡行为

采用循环伏安、动电位扫描和旋转电极方法研究磷酸溶液中铜的阳极过程 ,并对其电化学行为采用非线性方法进行表征。结果表明 ,铜在常温下阳极过程溶解中存在复杂的电流振荡现象 ,铜的振荡行为受电极转速影响 ,电流振荡存在最小的旋转速率 ,低速旋转时扩散速率过小 ,电流不呈现振荡行为。电极旋转速率加大 ,导致振荡电势范围拓宽。电流振荡呈现出混沌特征 ,恒定电势值的改变能显著影响电流的振荡行为 ,电化学振荡与电极溶液界面的特定膜有关 ,文章对阳极溶解过程的反应机理进行了探讨。

硫代硫酸盐在铂电极上的电化学氧化行为

用循环伏安法测定了硫代硫酸盐在铂电极上的电化学氧化行为,结果表明,其电化学氧化行为与体系的pH和扫描速度密切相关.当pH为5￣6时,硫代硫酸盐的循环伏安曲线出现三个氧化峰,峰电位分别在0.05V、0.58V和1.02V附近,随pH值升高和扫描速度的降低,0.05V附近的氧化峰逐渐变得明显,同时各氧化峰的峰电位与扫描速度的对数,峰电流与扫描速度的平方根均成很好的线性关系;当pH为8￣9时,硫代硫酸盐的循环伏安曲线出现三个明显的氧化峰,峰电位分别在0.05V、0.91V和1.22V附近.随扫描速度降低,循环伏安曲线出现交叉,体系呈现明显的电化学振荡行为;但当pH=10时,1.22V附近的氧化峰消失.硫代硫酸盐的电化学氧化行为非常复杂,电化学氧化机制随体系pH的变化而变化.