A New Theoretical Technique for the Measurement of High-Frequency Relic Gravitational Waves

Under most models of the early universe evolution, high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) were produced. They are referred to as “relic” high-frequency gravitational waves or HFRGWs and their detection and measurement could provide important information on the origin and development of our Universe – information that could not otherwise be obtained. So far three instruments have been built to detect and measure HFRGWs, but so far none of them has achieved the required sensitivity. This paper concerns another detector, originally proposed by Baker in 2000 and patented, which is based upon a recently discovered physical effect (the Li effect);this detector has accordingly been named the “Li-Baker detector.” The detector has been a joint development effort by the P. R. China and the United States HFGW research teams. A rigorous examination of the detector’s performance is important in the ongoing debate over the value of attempting to construct a Li-Baker detector and, in particular, an accurate prediction of its sensitivity in the presence of significant noise will decide whether the Li-Baker detector will be capable of detecting and measuring HFRGWs. The potential for useful HFRGW measurement is theoretically confirmed.

High-frequency gravitational waves having large spectral densities and their electromagnetic response

Various cosmology models, brane oscillation scenarios, interaction of interstellar plasma with intense electromagnetic radiation, and even high-energy physics experiments （e.g., Large Hadron Collider （LHC）） all predict high frequency gravitational waves （HFGWs, i.e., high-energy gravitons） in the microwave band and higher frequency region, and some of them have large energy densities. Electromagnetic （EM） detection to such HFGWs would be suitable due to very high frequencies and large energy densities of the HFGWs. We review several typical EM detection schemes, i.e., inverse Gertsenshtein effect （G-effect）, coupling of the inverse G effect with a coherent EM wave, coupling of planar superconducting open cavity with a static magnetic field, cylindrical superconducting closed cavity, and the EM sychro-resonance system, and discuss related minimal detectable amplitudes and sensitivities. Furthermore, we give some new ideas and improvement ways enhancing the possibility of measuring the HFGWs. It is shown that there is still a large room for improvement for those schemes to approach and even reach up the requirement of detection of HFGWs expected by the cosmological models and high-energy astrophysical process.

Application of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves to the Cataclysmic Event of Our First Encounter with Intelligent Extraterrestrial Beings

Three advances are proposed as a pathway to the cataclysmic event of our first encounter with intelligent extraterrestrial beings. First, discovery of very large numbers of extraterrestrial planets, “exoplanets” (possibly as many as1023 in our Universe);second, introduction of electronic components into the human body evolving into a cybernetic and biological “cyborg,” a model for an extraterrestrial being Cyborgs might allow advanced civilizations to endure hundreds of thousands of years. Third, the recent development of high-frequency gravitational wave (HFGW) detectors, the communication means of choice for an advanced cyborg civilization since they are not easily absorbed like electromagnetic radiation. Six HFGW detectors are presented for application to our first encounter with intelligent extraterrestrial beings. Numerical estimates are made for the failure of extraterrestrial civilizations such that no two exist at the same time (Fermi’s Paradox). It is concluded that there might remain at least ≈1.48 × 108 Worlds intercommunicating with HFGWs at any one time in any one region of our Universe. The predicted form of extraterrestrial beings is by means of animaginary, but based upon comprehensively documented and detailed projection of the evolution of “Earthling” homosapiens, to become “cyborgs.” It is proposed that such long-living cyborg forms of intelligent beings would be encountered by us. The first cataclysmic encounter with them is expected to be interception of their interstellar communications. The predicted frequency of intercepted messages under one set of assumptions is at least 1500 per day. After decoding the intercepted messages, keys may be found to improve vastly the present and future quality of life for us earthlings. Advanced beings might utilize direct brain-to-brain communication and it is concluded that research into brain-to-brain communication and HFGW detection are encouraged.

Value of High-Frequency Relic Gravitational Wave (HFRGW) Detection to Astrophysics and Fabrication and Utilization of the Li-Baker HFRGW Detector

Up to the present time gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO and Virgo, have been sensitive to frequencies on the order of a few thousand to a small fraction of an Hz. They have been most effective in the study of black-hole mergers. We suggest that high-frequency relic gravitational wave (HFRGW) detectors be developed, especially the Li-Baker HFRGW detector, in the gigahertz and higher frequency range. We believe collecting cosmological, primordial observational data especially generated during the first few seconds after the beginning of our Universe is extremely important. One motivation for this paper is, therefore, that we are confident that observation of relic gravitational waves will provide vital information about the birth of our Universe and its early dynamical evolution. Other astrophysical applications of HFRGW detectors involve the entropy growth of the early Universe, an ability to study alternatives to inflation and to provide clues about the symmetries underlying new physics at the highest energies. A working hypothesis or theory, based upon the rollout of our Universe from infinitesimal Planck Length and Planck Time is presented. This theory involves the rapid motion of time and matter during that early time having frequencies on the order of trillions of cycles per second or more. Several alternative HFRGW detectors are described and the proposed Li-Baker HFRGW detector, which is theoretically sensitive to GW amplitudes, A, as small as 10-32, is discussed in detail. Such sensitivity may provide a means for verifying or falsifying the rollout of our Universe working hypothesis. Essentially a combination of theory and experimentation is presented. It is recommended that plans and detailed specifications for the Li-Baker HFRGW detector be prepared in order to expedite its fabrication.

Symmetries in Evolving Space-Time and Their Connection to High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Production

We claim that the linking of a shrinking prior universe to our own via a wormhole bridge solution of about ten to the minus forty four power seconds permits the formation of a short-term quintessence scalar field. Symmetries allow for creating high-frequency gravitational waves at the onset of inflation, which has consequences in our present cosmological era. This instantaneous energy transfer between prior to present universes permits relic graviton production which we claim is a viable candidate for future propulsion technologies in space craft design. The Big Bang started as the passage of thermal energy from an existing universe into ours resulting in another Big Bang, and helps us understand how a graviton burst can occur in the first place.

How a Laser Physics Induced Kerr-Newman Black Hole Can Release Gravitational Waves without Igniting the Black Hole Bomb (Explosion of a Mini Black Hole in a Laboratory)

Note, that micro black holes last within micro seconds, and that we wish to ascertain how to build, in a laboratory, a black hole, which may exist say at least up to 10^?1 seconds and provide a test bed as to early universe gravitational theories. First of all, it would be to determine, if the mini black hole bomb, would spontaneously occur, unless the Kerr-Newmann black hole were carefully engineered in the laboratory. Specifically, we state that this paper is modeling the creation of an actual Kerr Newman black hole via laser physics, or possibly by other means. We initiate a model of an induced Kerr-Newman black Holes, with specific angular momentum J, and then from there model was to what would happen as to an effective charge, Q, creating an E and B field, commensurate with the release of GWs. The idea is that using a frame of reference trick, plus E + i B = ?function of the derivative of a complex valued scalar field, as given by Appell, in 1887, and reviewed by Whittaker and Watson, 1927 of their “A Course of Modern Analysis” tome that a first principle identification of a B field, commensurate with increase of thermal temperature, T, so as to have artificially induced GW production. This is compared in part with the Park 1955 paper of a spinning rod, producing GW, with the proviso that both the spinning rod paper, and this artificial Kerr-Newman Black hole will employ the idea of lasers in implementation of their respective GW radiation. The idea is in part partly similar to an idea the author discussed with Dr. Robert Baker, in 2016 with the difference that a B field would be generated and linked to effects linked with induced spin to the Kerr-Newman Black hole. We close with some observations about the “black holes have no hair” theorem, and our problem. Citing some recent suppositions that this “theorem” may not be completely true and how that may relate to our experimental situation. We close with observations from Haijicek, 2008 as which may be pertinent to Quantization of Gravity. Furthermore as an answer to questions raised by a referee, we will have a final statement as to how this problem is for a real black hole being induced, and answering his questions in his review, which will be included in a final appendix to this paper. The main issue which is now to avoid the black hole bomb effect which would entail an explosion of a small black hole in a laboratory. Furthermore as an answer to questions raised by a referee, we will have a final statement as to how this problem is for a real black hole being induced, and answering his questions in his review, which will be included in a final appendix to this paper. In all, the main end result is to try to avoid the so called black hole bomb effect, where a mini black hole would explode in a laboratory setting within say 10^?16 or so seconds, i.e. the idea would be to have a reasonably stable configuration within put laser energy, but a small mass, and to do it over hopefully 10^15 or more times longer than the 10^?16 seconds where the mini black hole would quickly evaporate. I.e. a duration of say up to 10^?1 seconds which would provide a base line as to astrophysical modeling of a Kerr-Newman black hole.

Does a Restricted Quintic Polynomial in Minimum Time Step (Planck Time Interval) Being Solvable in a Galois Theory Sense Affect the Closing of a Wormhole Throat if (Kaluza Klein Theory) Is Assumed and Impact Admissible Gravitational Wave Polarization?

In a prior paper, the d = 1 to d = 7 sense of AdS/CFT solutions were described in general whereas we did not introduce commentary as to GW polarization of gravitational radiation from a worm hole. We will discuss GW polarization, for d = 1 and in addition say concrete facts as to the strength of the GW radiation, and admissible frequencies. First off, the term Δt is for the smallest unit of time step. Note that in the small Δt limit for d = 1 we avoid any imaginary time no matter what the sign of Ttemp is. And when d = 1 in order to have any solvability one would need X = Δt assumed to be infinitesimal. To first approximation, we set X = Δt as being of Planck time, 10-31 or so seconds, in duration.

Simulation of high-frequency gravitational wave detection using modulated Gaussian beam

This paper investigates the feasibility of using a Li-Baker detector based on a modulated Gaussian beam to detect gravitational waves in the GHz band.The first-order perturbation photon fluxes(PPF,signal of the detector)and the background photon fluxes(BPF,main noise of the detector),which vary with time,and the transverse distance are calculated.The results show that their propagation directions and energy densities are much different in some areas.Apart from BPF,we also consider two other important noises:diffraction noise and shot noise.In the simulation,it is found that the diffraction noise and shot noise are both lower than the signal level.Meanwhile,the main noise(BPF)can be eliminated when the receiving screen is located in certain special transverse areas where the BPF direction is opposite to that of PPF.Thus,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)obtained using our detection method can reach up to 320 in some transverse areas.These results are beneficial for the design of the Li-Baker detector.

Does the Transition to Planckian Space Time Physics Allow Octonionic Gravity Conditions to Form?

We are in this document asking if Octonionic gravity [1] is relevant near the Planck scale. Furthermore, we ask if gravitational waves would be generated during the initial phase, of the universe when an increase in degrees of freedom that have in setting is used. We demonstrate how a Gaussian mapping, combined with a strange attractor will enable quantum gravity to form. The key development would be in using a strange attractor [2]. In addition, the supposition R. Penrose made: is presented with a more traditional cosmological constant, not varying over time? Does the Penrose model directly allow us to form a much simpler Entropy expression? However, in doing so, we make note of how a quartic phase transition initially may impose a level of precision in parameters impossible to verify with present experimental equipment.

Octonionic Gravity Formation, Its Connections to Micro Physics

We ask if Octonionic quantum gravity is a relevant consideration near the Planck scale. Furthermore, we examine whether gravitational waves would be generated during the initial phase, , of the universe when triggered by changes in spacetime geometry;i.e. what role would an increase in degrees of freedom have in setting the conditions during , so that the result of these conditions can be observed and analyzed by a gravitational detector. The micro physics interaction is due to the formation of a pre Planckian to Planckian space time transition in spatial dimensions at and near the Planck dimensional values, i.e. 10–33 centimeters in spatial dimensions. This transition would be abrupt and arising in micro physics regimes of space time.

Does a Fine Tuning of a Quartic Potential Allow for an Invariant Cosmological Constant? How This Supposition Could Lead to a Macro Model of Pressure in the Start of Inflation?

Our assumptions in this paper are for a more traditional cosmological constant, not varying over time, which has the result of forming a much simpler entropy expression. But in doing so, we have to make note of how a quartic phase transition initially may impose a level of precision in parameters impossible to verify with present experimental equipment. We also have the conundrum of how this may be linked to macroscopic interpretation of pressure in the initial phases of the universe, using black hole physics in Pre Planckian to Planckian physics domains.

高频引力波的应用前景、产生机制和探测方案

较为全面地论述了高频引力波的应用前景、产生机制和探测方案 .

A Theory of Our Universe

Contemporary theories of our Universe, such as the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model of the cosmos, assume that time marches on at a uniform, constant pace from its very beginning. But what if that is not the case? It is proposed that our Universe is not a “Big Bang”, but rather a “Big Rollout” in space and time, spacetime, from the shortest meaningful length, Planck Length, and the shortest meaningful measure of time, Planck Time. It is speculated that time and dimensions, spacetime, grow in concert very rapidly at first. The fundamental equation, which relates the change in the space dimensions to the change in the speed of time at the beginning of time for the new Theory, is derived. Spacetime rolls out initially at light speed. As time increases, the rate of change of the speed of time could be erratic, that is although in general, it slows (rate of time slows approaching zero at the end of time), its rate of change could decelerate, pause or perhaps accelerate for a while, no need however, for dark matter or dark energy.

Detection and Determination of the Variation of the Speed of Time

Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study speed-of-time variation observational data in three processes: muon decay, galaxy rotation (related to dark matter) and the separation speed of celestial objects as our Universe progresses (related to dark energy). Each of these processes will have an “observed value” of their time of completion Po from an observation of the process at time t1 and an “expected value” Pe of that time at time t2. Their difference is attributed to the variation of the speed of time. We provide a possible explanation for the anomalous separation of the observed and the expected galactic velocity curves. Our conclusion is that it is unnecessary to introduce dark matter or dark energy.

How (Δt)^(5)+A_(1)⋅(Δt)^(2)+A_(2)=0 Is Generally,in the Galois Sense Solvable for a Kerr-Newman Black Hole Affect Questions on the Opening and Closing of a Wormhole Throat and the Simplification of the Problem,Dramatically Speaking,If d=1(Kaluza Klein Theory)and Explaining the Lack of Overlap with the Results When Applying the Gauss-Lucas Theorem

First off,the termΔt is for the smallest unit of time step.Now,due to reasons we will discuss we state that,contrary to the wishes of a reviewer,the author asserts that a full Galois theory analysis of a quintic is mandatory for reasons which reflect about how the physics answers are all radically different for abbreviated lower math tech answers to this problem.i.e.if one turns the quantic to a quadratic,one gets answers materially different from when one applies the Gauss-Lucas theorem.So,despite the distaste of some in the physics community,this article pitches Galois theory for a restricted quintic.We begin our analysis of if a quintic equation for a shift in time,as for a Kerr Newman black hole affects possible temperature values,which may lead to opening or closing of a worm hole throat.Following Juan Maldacena,et al.,we evaluate the total energy of a worm hole,with the proviso that the energy of the worm hole,in four dimensions for a closed throat has energy of the worm hole,as proportional to negative value of(temperature times a fermionic number,q)which is if we view a worm hole as a connection between two black holes,a way to show if there is a connection between quantization of gravity,and if the worm hole throat is closed.Or open.For the quantic polynomial,we relateΔt to a(Δt)^(5)+A_(1)·(Δt)^(2)+A_(2)=0 Quintic polynomial which has several combinations which Galois theoretical sense is generally solvable.We find that A_(2)has a number,n of presumed produced gravitons,in the time intervalΔt and that both A_(1)and A_(2)have an Ergosphere area,due to the induced Kerr-Newman black hole.If Gravitons and Gravitinos have the relationship the author purports in an article the author wrote years ago,as cited in this publication,then we have a way to discuss if quantization of gravity as affecting temperature T,in the worm hole tells us if a worm hole is open or closed.And a choice of the solvable constraints affects temperature,T,which in turn affects the sign of a worm hole throat is far harder to solve.We explain the genesis of black hole physics negative temperature which is necessary for a positive black hole entropy,and then state our results have something very equivalent in terms of worm ding(Δt)^(5)+A_(1)·(Δt)^(2)+A_(2)=0 we will be having X=Δt assumed to be negligible,We then look at a quadratic version in the solution of X=Δt so we are looking at four regimes for solving a quintic,with the infinitesimal value ofΔt effectively reduced our quintic to a quadratic equation.Note that in the smallΔt limit for d=1,3,5,7,we cleanly avoid any imaginary time no matter what the sign of T_(temp)is.In the case where we have X=Δt assumed to be negligible,the connection in our text about coupling constants,if d=3,may in itself for infinitesimalΔt lend toward supporting d=3.This is different from the more general case for general Galois solvability of(Δt)^(5)+A_(1)·(Δt)^(2)+A_(2)=0.d≠1 means we need to consider Galois theory.If d=2,4,6,need T_(temp)A_(1)to be greater than zero.If d≠1 and is instead d=3,5,7,there is an absence of general solutions in the Galois solution sense.This because if.d≠1 A_(1)<0 whenever d=3,5,7.And when d=1 in order to have any solvability one would need X=Δt assumed to be infinitesimal in(Δt)^(5)+A_(1)·(Δt)^(2)+A_(2)=0.

How a Kerr-Newman Black Hole Leads to Criteria about If Gravity Is Quantum Due to Questions on If (Δ<i>t</i>)⁵+ <i>A</i>₁&#8901;(Δ<i>t</i>)²+ <i>A</i>₂= 0 Is Solvable

Note, in a prior paper, we ascertained physics thought experiment configuration for a black hole, which may exist say at least up to 10-1 seconds. Our idea was to experimentally provide a test bed as to early universe gravitational theories. In doing so, we as follow up to that black hole paper come up with a criteria as to Quintic polynomial with regards to Δt which is the interval of time for which we can measure (down to Planck time) the production of Gravitational waves and gravitons, from an induced Kerr-Newman black hole. In doing so we access what is given in an AdS/CFT rendition of black hole entropy written by Pires which gives an input strategy as to how to relate Δt to a (Δt)5 + A1 ? (Δt)2 + A2 =0 Quintic polynomial which has only a few combinations which may be exactly solvable. We find that A2 has a number, n of presumed produced gravitons, in the time interval Δt and that both A1 and A2 have an Ergosphere area, due to the induced Kerr-Newman black hole. Finally, we extract information via the use of the Uncertainty Principle, as to ΔEΔt ≥ ? with ΔE ∝ E0 ≡ mc2, so if we have a mass m, we will be able to extract Δt. This due to very complete arguments as to Kerr-Newman black holes, which when we have entropy, due to the Infinite quantum statistics argument given by Ng, leads to a counting algorithm, of n gravitons, which is proportional to entropy during which is then leading directly to fixing Δt directly via us of (Δt)5 + A1 ? (Δt)2 + A2 =0, with the Quintic evaluated according to Blair K. Spearman and Kenneth S. Williams, in the Rocky mountain journal of mathematics, as of 1996. i.e. if this polynomial, as by our described Quintic polynomial, in Δt, (Δt)5 + A1 ? (Δt)2 + A2 =0 is exactly solvable, then our Kerr Newman black hole is leading to quantum gravity. Otherwise, gravity in its foundations with respect to the Kerr Newman blackhole is classical to semi classical. In its characterization of gravity. Note that specifically, we state that this paper is modeling the creation of an actual Kerr Newman black hole via laser physics, or possibly by other means and that our determination of Δt as being solved, exactly by (Δt)5 + A1 ? (Δt)2 + A2 =0 is our way of determining if the Kerr Newman black hole leads to quantum gravity.

静磁场中引力子转化成光子的概率研究(英文)

运用费曼微扰方法计算了由超导墙和分形膜组成的电磁谐振系统中引力子转化成光子的转化概率。理论推导表明，当超强激光产生的高频引力波（high—frequencygravitationalwaves，HFGW）通过耦合开放腔时，在一段持续的时间内将产生扰动光子流（perturhativephotonflux，PpF）。通过引入相关实验参数以及运用转化表达式，针对吉赫兹频带的高频遗迹引力波（high—frequencyrelicgravitationalwaves，HFRGWS），计算了在1s的持续时间内。在耦合开放腔中产生的扰动光子流（～1011），这些光子流通过分型膜传输，光子流的产生直接证明了引力子的存在。同时，也对超高强度激光作为引力子产生源作了简短的评论。