Influence of dc Component during Inadvertent Operation of the High Voltage Generator Circuit Breaker during Mis-Synchronization

This paper analyses the synchronization problem of a generator onto power system without satisfying synchronization condition. The main focus of the paper is on the impact of the dc component of the current in the high voltage circuit breaker during its close-open operating cycle. Using real time measurements of currents/voltages and angles during the close-opening cycle of high voltage generator circuit breaker and the impact of the dc component of current in context of interrupting large magnitude of current from the circuit breaker. In addition, the paper describes a study case model and the results of simulations performed using the software EMTP-ATP of an actual incident that occurred during the inadvertent synchronization of a large 339 MW, 24 kV generator to the grid.

Design of High-voltage Electrostatic Generator Based on STM32

This paper introduced a high-precision high-voltage electrostatic generator which utilized STM32F103 as the main controller.The hardware and software design of the system were detailed.The full use of ample on-chip resources of STM32F103,such as ADC and the PWM output of timer,contributed to the small size and low cost of the system.The 16-bit PWM signals,generated by the timer on chip,served to adjust the output voltage accurately.The touch screen was responsible for the setting and display of output voltage,and the friendly human-computer interaction was built.Experimental results indicated that this high-voltage static generator was of high precision and great practicability for application.

Computer Controlled High Precise, High Voltage Pules Generator

High precise, high voltage pulse generator made up of high-power IGBT and pulse transformers controlled by a computer are described. A simple main circuit topology employed in this pulse generator can reduce the cost meanwhile it still meets special requirements for pulsed electric fields (PEFs) in food process. The pulse generator utilizes a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) to generate trigger signals. Pulse-frequency, pulse-width and pulse-number are controlled via RS232 bus by a computer. The high voltage pulse generator well suits to the application for fluid food non-thermal effect in pulsed electric fields, for it can increase and decrease by the step length 1.

Fully Integrated High-Voltage Generators with Optimized Power Efficiency

This paper describes how the power efficiency of fully integrated Dickson charge pumps in high- voltage IC technologies can be improved considerably by implementing charge recycling techniques, by replacing the normal PN junction diodes by pulse-driven active diodes, and by choosing an appropriate advanced smart power IC technology. A detailed analysis reveals that the combination of these 3 methods more than doubles the power efficiency compared to traditional Dickson charge pump designs.

Theoretical Calculation of Lift Force for General Electric Asymmetric Capacitor Loaded by High Voltage

Lift force of an asymmetric capacitor in arbitrary shape still cannot be precisely calculated. For an irregular surface of a general asymmetric capacitor of which electric charge is nonuniformly distributed, we dedicate effort to filling the gap of lift force calculation problem. Through theoretical derivation, a general formula result is achieved. By applying theoretical formula combining with experimental method based on similarity principle of dimensional analysis, we can almost figure out all types of lift force of asymmetric capacitor. It is really an exciting method which can universally solve the hard thrust force calculation problem completely.

一种低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器

提出了一种应用于新能源发电系统的低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器。在传统交错Boost变换器基础上,该变换器通过引入耦合电感和二极管、电容升压单元提高电压增益,耦合电感在整个开关周期过程中都传递能量,提高了磁芯利用率。输入侧工作在交错模式,两相电感电流纹波可以相互抵消,从而获得较低的输入电流纹波。由于耦合电感自身漏感的存在,减轻了整流二极管反向恢复问题,同时采用有源钳位电路回收利用漏感能量,实现了所有开关管零电压软开关,抑制了开关管关断电压尖峰,提高了变换器转换效率。详细分析了变换器的工作原理、电路特性以及软开关实现方法。最后,搭建了一台200 W的试验样机验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于桨距角控制的永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略

为解决传统永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略存在超速脱网风险问题,提出一种基于桨距角控制的高电压穿越控制策略。高电压穿越期间,首先,按照并网要求向电网提供无功支撑;其次,考虑转子转速限制,当转子转速达到参考值时启动桨距角控制,抑制转子转速上升;最后,通过仿真试验,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。基于桨距角控制的永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略,既能向电网提供无功支撑,又能避免超速脱网。

High voltage generator circuit with low power and high efficiency applied in EEPROM

This paper presents a low power and high efficiency high voltage generator circuit embedded in electrically erasable programmable read-only memory（EEPROM）.The low power is minimized by a capacitance divider circuit and a regulator circuit using the controlling clock switch technique.The high efficiency is dependent on the zero threshold voltage（V_（th）） MOSFET and the charge transfer switch（CTS） charge pump.The proposed high voltage generator circuit has been implemented in a 0.35μm EEPROM CMOS process.Measured results show that the proposed high voltage generator circuit has a low power consumption of about 150.48μW and a higher pumping efficiency（83.3%） than previously reported circuits.This high voltage generator circuit can also be widely used in low-power flash devices due to its high efficiency and low power dissipation.

新能源经柔直送出系统的次同步振荡分析与抑制

2020年9—10月份,我国华北地区某新能源经柔直送出系统出现了2~6 Hz的持续振荡,导致风电机组频繁脱网和设备损坏。该文利用现场录波数据建立系统等效阻抗网络模型,解释次同步振荡的发生原因。为解决该问题,提出在风电机组变流器控制中嵌入次同步陷波环节的振荡抑制方法,依据实测数据进行参数设计,并进行现场实施与测试。多种工况下的实测结果表明,次同步陷波环节可有效抑制振荡且不影响风电机组的正常运行。该方法易于设计和实现,为解决类似问题提供一种高效实用的方案。

基于级间自触发Marx电路的高压阻尼振荡发生器

为了增大输出电压的同时减小高压阻尼振荡发生器的体积和降低其成本,建立了一种4×4级间自触发Marx结构的阻尼振荡发生器模型。该模型每级的主开关采用基于电容触发方式的串联IGBT模块,只需提供一路隔离信号控制一级放电开关管的导通和关断,通过级间电容实现对相邻级放电管的栅极自动充电和放电,使其导通和关断。该模型提高了Marx单级的工作电压和简化了每级的驱动电路,并且通过加入缓冲电路,解决开关管动态、静态均压问题。基于这种拓扑结构搭建了一台高压阻尼振荡发生器样机,在电感负载上输出16 kV、振荡频率1 MHz的阻尼振荡波形,波形上升时间约为75 ns,重复频率500 Hz。样机体积小巧、工作稳定,验证了该方案的可行性。

倍压整流型LCC谐振变换器轨迹控制启动策略

倍压整流型LCC谐振变换器兼顾了串联和并联谐振变换器的优点,具有高电压增益、抗负载短路、兼容变压器寄生参数等能力,已成为医用X光机高压发生器的优选拓扑。然而,倍压整流器中的电容参与谐振,增加了谐振元件数量,导致变换器的动态特性更复杂,进而对建模和控制提出更高的要求。传统的基波近似法和线性控制难以实现精确建模并跟踪控制指标。对此本文采用状态平面分析法,通过分析变换器的工作原理建立各模态归一化状态轨迹方程。在此基础上,提出一种状态轨迹控制启动策略,通过设置谐振电流限幅值,根据输出电压变化规划最优路径,使状态变量在最短时间内跟踪谐振腔最优轨迹,以此计算最佳开关频率。最后,在50 kW/140 kV的样机上验证所提建模方法的准确性和控制策略有效性。实验结果表明,所提方法有效提升了启动速度,实现了不同电压等级之间的快速切换,抑制了谐振腔电流、电压过冲。

电压源型风电比例影响区域电网频率调整研究

随着新能源大比例接入新型电力系统中,区域电网的频率稳定性问题凸显。为了研究风电在区域电网中对新能源系统稳定运行能力的影响,针对电压源型风电占比对区域电网频率调整的影响开展研究。对风电频率需求相应特性和电压源型风电机组控制进行分析,提出了在电压源型风电机组不同占比结构下的区域电网新能源场站容量分配评估方法。在Matlab/Simulink中对不同电压源型风电占比下的电网频率响应特性进行验证。结果表明,随着在混合风电场内配置一定比例的电压源型风电机组,可以有效地改善区域电网的频率稳定性。

大规模风电场高电压穿越控制方法研究综述

大规模发展风电是新能源开发和利用的重大需求,是实现我国“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的关键支撑.由外部电网故障造成的风电场电压安全稳定运行问题成为制约风电大规模、集群化、智能化发展的关键瓶颈之一.主要针对电网电压骤升工况,首先从电磁关系和能量流动角度分析常见的双馈风电机组、永磁直驱风电机组以及风电场的高电压穿越(HVRT)暂态特性;然后,基于风电机组不同控制区域归纳总结风电机组HVRT控制策略和风电场HVRT及故障后电压恢复协调优化控制方法,梳理和比较现有各种控制策略的工作原理和优缺点,并从控制结构的角度归纳分析现有大规模风电场的HVRT控制方法的原理、优缺点和效果,总结风电机组和风电场在HVRT控制上的不同点;最后,探讨和预测未来风电场电压智能安全控制的发展趋势和潜在研究热点,为提升我国风电大规模应用和电网安全运行提供借鉴指导作用.

高海拔地区18 kV水轮发电机定子绕组端部防晕技术研究

为满足海拔高度为2 500 m的某大型水电站18 kV水轮发电机的防晕要求,本文从理论方面分析了目标海拔高度下的空气击穿场强及影响因素,并通过建立定子绕组端部三维仿真模型评估了端部电场特性,分析了间隙距离与绑扎结构对端部斜边电场的影响,确定了定子绕组端部斜边最小间隙距离控制在15 mm的方案。最后,在构建的大型高海拔环境模拟试验室完成了18 kV水轮发电机定子线圈和绕组的防晕性能进行测试验证。结果表明:该18 kV水轮发电机的防晕性能良好,满足在2 500 m海拔高度下的防晕要求。

大容量发电机断路器TRV开断特性及抑制措施研究

发电机断路器(GCB)位于发电机组和升压变压器之间,针对负荷电流高达50 kA、故障电流高达200 kA以上的大容量机组,GCB传导和开断电流远高于线路断路器,在开断过程中,GCB两端会产生非常严重的瞬态恢复过电压,威胁GCB的可靠性。文中基于某大型核电站的实际接线,单机容量为1 722.2 MVA,利用EMTP-RV仿真计算研究了GCB在各种故障下开断时的TRV的电磁暂态特性,分析配置不同容量电容器对TRV幅值和陡度的影响效果。提出了采用辅助断口装设非线性阻尼电阻抑制TRV的方法,并给出了非线性阻尼电阻参数选取原则,并通过仿真验证了其可行性,针对失步故障非线性阻尼电阻可使TRV幅值降低29.2%,具有更高的灵活性与经济性。

基于VSG的永磁风力发电机高/低电压穿越研究

为解决永磁风力发电机在高/低电压穿越期间并网点电压和频率波动问题,提出采用虚拟同步发电机(VSG)控制网侧变流器,提高永磁风力发电系统惯性和阻尼,使其在电压穿越期间支撑并网点电压和频率的恢复。通过VSG的有功-频率调节作用,根据系统频率变化量,调节网侧变流器有功功率输出能力,在转动惯量和阻尼系数的作用下实现对频率波动的抑制;调节VSG的无功功率指令实现对虚拟电动势的调节,使其在电压穿越期间为电网提供动态无功支撑,对并网点电压进行调节。并有效抑制连续高/低电压穿越期间系统功率、频率持续性波动,提高系统在连续高/低电压穿越期间的并网稳定性。最后,通过系统仿真验证所提控制策略的有效性。