Review of the Analysis and Suppression for High-frequency Oscillations of the Grid-connected Wind Power Generation System

High-frequency oscillation(HFO)of gridconnected wind power generation systems(WPGS)is one of the most critical issues in recent years that threaten the safe access of WPGS to the grid.Ensuring the WPGS can damp HFO is becoming more and more vital for the development of wind power.The HFO phenomenon of wind turbines under different scenarios usually has different mechanisms.Hence,engineers need to acquire the working mechanisms of the different HFO damping technologies and select the appropriate one to ensure the effective implementation of oscillation damping in practical engineering.This paper introduces the general assumptions of WPGS when analyzing HFO,systematically summarizes the reasons for the occurrence of HFO in different scenarios,deeply analyses the key points and difficulties of HFO damping under different scenarios,and then compares the technical performances of various types of HFO suppression methods to provide adequate references for engineers in the application of technology.Finally,this paper discusses possible future research difficulties in the problem of HFO,as well as the possible future trends in the demand for HFO damping.

Cortico-striatal gamma oscillations are modulated by dopamine D3 receptors in dyskinetic rats

Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

Identification and Analysis of High-Frequency Oscillations in the Eyewalls of Tropical Cyclones

High-frequency oscillations, with periods of about 2 hours, are first identified by applying wavelet analysis to observed minutely wind speeds around the eye and eyewall of tropical cyclones（TCs）. Analysis of a model simulation of Typhoon Hagupit（2008） shows that the oscillations also occur in the TC intensity, vertical motion, convergence activity and air density around the eyewall. Sequences of oscillations in these variables follow a certain order.

Variations in High-frequency Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Variations in the high-frequency oscillations of tropical cyclones （TCs） over the western North Pacific （WNP） are studied in numerical model simulations. Power spectrum analysis of maximum wind speeds at 10 m （MWS10） from an ensemble of 15 simulated TCs shows that oscillations are significant for all TCs. The magnitudes of oscillations in MWS10 are similar in the WNP and South China Sea （SCS）; however, the mean of the averaged significant periods in the SCS （1.93 h） is shorter than that in the open water of the WNP （2.83 h）. The shorter period in the SCS is examined through an ensemble of simulations, and a case simulation as well as a sensitivity experiment in which the continent is replaced by ocean for Typhoon Hagupit （2008）. The analysis of the convergence efficiency within the boundary layer suggests that the shorter periods in the SCS are possibly due to the stronger terrain effect, which intensifies convergence through greater friction. The enhanced convergence strengthens the disturbance of the gradient and thermal wind balances, and then contributes to the shorter oscillation periods in the SCS.

A note for the mechanism of high-frequency oscillation instability resulted from absorbing boundary conditions

In this paper the explanation of the mechanism of high-frequency oscillation instability resulted from absorbing boundary conditions is further improved. And we analytically prove the proposition that for one dimensional discrete model of elastic wave motion, the module of reflection factor will be greater than 1 in high frequency band when artificial wave velocity is greater than 1.5 times the ratio of discrete space step to discrete time step. Based on the proof, the frequency band in which instability occurs is discussed in detail, showing such high-frequency waves are meaningless for the numerical simulation of wave motion.

A kW Continuous-Wave Ytterbium-Doped All-Fiber Laser Oscillator with Domestic Fiber Components and Gain Fiber

We demonstrate a kW continuous-wave ytterbium-doped all-fiber laser oscillator with M1 domestic fiber compo- nents： a 7× I fused fiber bundle combiner, a fiber Bragg grating and a double-clad gain fiber. The oscillator operates at 1079.48nrn with 80.94% slope efficiency and shows no limit of temperature and nonlinear effects. These indicate that the passive fiber components and the gain fiber are all qualified for the high power environ- ment. No evidence of the signal power roll-over shows that this oscillator possesses the capacity to higher output with available pump power.

Simulation of wind-induced near-inertial oscillations in a mixed layer near the east coast of Korea in the East/Japan Sea

Using a simple damped slab model, it was possible to show that a local wind induced 88% （15 of 17） of the near-inertial oscillations （NIO） observed in the mixed layer near the east coast of Korea from 1999 to 2004. The model, however, overestimated the energy level in about two-thirds of the simulated cases, because the slab model was forced with winds whose characteristic period was shorter than the damping time scale of the model at 1.5 d. At the observation site, due to typhoons and orographic effects, high-frequency wind forcing is quite common, as is the overestimation of the energy level in the slab model results. In short, a simple slab model with a damping time-scale of about 1.5 d would be enough to show that the local wind was the main energy source of the near-inertial energy in this area, but the model could not be used to accurately estimate the amount of the work done by the wind to the mixed layer.

An Integrated Approach to Oscillation Propagation Identification and Source Locating in Process Multi-loop Systems

为识别多环过程摆动和他们的来源地点的繁殖的一个综合方法在这份报纸被建议。摆动的进程循环变量自动地基于部件相关的比率索引和一个混合矩阵被选择，哪个在数据预处理被获得由光谱独立部件分析。在摆动的过程变量之中的复杂诱发性然后被 Granger 诱发性测试揭示并且在诱发性图形式被设想。在图的原因的连接的简化根据理解知识和最后的最简单的诱发性图，代表主要摆动繁殖路径，被自动化切断的阀值搜索，与更少，重要诱发性小径被滤出完成过程被执行。摆动骚乱的来源能通过最后的诱发性图直觉地被识别。模仿了，真实植物数据测试被介绍表明建议方法的有效性和可行性。

Relative Roles of Intraseasonal and Above-seasonal Components in the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset

Multi-scale contributions are involved in the South China Sea(SCS)summer monsoon(SCSSM)onset process.The relative roles of intraseasonal oscillation and above-seasonal component in the year-to-year variation of the SCSSM onset are evaluated in this study.The 30-90-day and above-90-day components are major contributors to the year-to-year variation of the SCSSM onset,and the former contributes greater portion,while the 8-30-day component has little contribution to the onset.In the early onset cases,the 30-90-day westerly winds move and extend eastward from the tropical Indian Ocean(TIO)to the SCS monsoon region relatively earlier,and replace the easterly winds over the SCS with the cooperation of the 30-90-day cyclone moving southward from northern East Asia.The westerly anomalies of the above-90-day component in spring jointly contribute to the early SCSSM onset.In the late onset cases,the late eastward expansion of 30-90-day westerly wind over the TIO,accompanied by the late occurrence and weakening of the 30-90-day anticyclone over the SCS,and its late withdraw from the SCS,as well as the persistent easterly anomalies of above-90-day component,suppress the SCSSM onset.However,the SCSSM outbreaks in the obvious weakening stage of 30-90-day easterly anomalies.The easterlies-to-westerlies transition of the 30-90-day 850-hPa zonal wind over the SCS in spring is closely associated with sea surface temperature in the tropical western Pacific in preceding winter and spring,while the interannual variation of the above-90-day zonal wind in April-May is closely related to the decaying stage of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation events.

用比湿数据及独立成分分析研究ENSO在对流层上层的响应

基于2006—2016年气象、电离层与气候卫星观测系统(COSMIC)提供的level 2‘wetPrf’比湿数据集,首次提出了独立成分分析(ICA)联合低通滤波的方法提取对流层上层的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)信号。结合现有的气象学研究与传统方法主成分分析(PCA)的结果,分析了ENSO信号在对流层上层的响应。结果表明:ICA提取的ENSO信号具有更高的可靠性、有效性和可解释性,且得到了现有气象研究很好的支撑。该方法很好地分离出具有不同区域特征的源信号,凸显了这种基于信息理论的方法在ENSO信号提取方面的潜力。

Prognostic value of high-frequency oscillations combined with multimodal imaging methods for epilepsy surgery

Background:The combination of high-frequency oscillations(HFOs)with single-mode imaging methods has been proved useful in identifying epileptogenic zones,whereas few studies have examined HFOs combined with multimodal imaging methods.The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of ripples,an HFO subtype with a frequency of 80 to 200 Hz is combined with multimodal imaging methods in predicting epilepsy surgery outcome.Methods:HFOs were analyzed in 21 consecutive medically refractory epilepsy patients who underwent epilepsy surgery.All patients underwent positron emission tomography(PET)and deep electrode implantation for stereo-electroencephalography(SEEG);11 patients underwent magnetoencephalography(MEG).Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy in predicting surgical outcome were calculated for ripples combined with PET,MEG,both PET and MEG,and PET combined with MEG.Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted in each group to estimate prognostic value.Results:The study included 13 men and 8 women.Accuracy for ripples,PET,and MEG alone in predicting surgical outcome was 42.9%,42.9%,and 81.8%,respectively.Accuracy for ripples combined with PET and MEG was the highest.Resection of regions identified by ripples,MEG dipoles,and combined PET findings was significantly associated with better surgical outcome(P<0.05).Conclusions:Intracranial electrodes are essential to detect regions which generate ripples and to remove these areas which indicate good surgical outcome for medically intractable epilepsy.With the assistance of presurgical noninvasive imaging examinations,PET and MEG,for example,the SEEG electrodes would identify epileptogenic regions more effectively.

Expert consensus on clinical applications of high-frequency oscillations in epilepsy

Studies in animal models of epilepsy and pre-surgical patients have unanimously found a strong correlation between high-frequency oscillations(HFOs,>80 Hz)and the epileptogenic zone,suggesting that HFOs can be a potential biomarker of epileptogenicity and epileptogenesis.This consensus includes the definition and standard detection techniques of HFOs,the localizing value of pathological HFOs for epileptic foci,and different ways to distinguish physiological from epileptic HFOs.The latest clinical applications of HFOs in epilepsy and the related findings are also discussed.HFOs will advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of epilepsy.

High-frequency oscillations detected by electroencephalography as biomarkers to evaluate treatment outcome,mirror pathological severity and predict susceptibility to epilepsy

High-frequency oscillations(HFOs)in the electroencephalography(EEG)have been extensively investigated as a potential biomarker of epileptogenic zones.The understanding of the role of HFOs in epilepsy has been advanced considerably over the past decade,and the use of scalp EEG facilitates recordings of HFOs.HFOs were initially applied in large scale in epilepsy surgery and are now being utilized in other applications.In this review,we summarize applications of HFOs in 3 subtopics:(1)HFOs as biomarkers to evaluate epilepsy treatment outcome;(2)HFOs as biomarkers to measure seizure propensity;(3)HFOs as biomarkers to reflect the pathological severity of epilepsy.Nevertheless,knowledge regarding the above clinical applications of HFOs remains limited at present.Further validation through prospective studies is required for its reliable application in the clinical management of individual epileptic patients.

THE COMPONENT OF 29.8 YEARS IN POLAR MOTION AND △ l. o.d. AND OSCILLATION OF EARTH'S INNER CORE

This paper deals with the components of pcriod of 29.8 yr in polar motion and △ I. o. d. The oscillation of inner core (OIC), as a most possible cause of them, is proposed. Parameters of oscillation are found and its effects on Earth’s mass center (EMC), distance of observatories to EMC, gravity and latitude are estimated.

瓷砖抛光机圆周摆动式横梁的结构设计

瓷砖抛光机横梁大都采用直线往复摆动式,这种形式的抛光机结构较为简单,但其磨出的瓷砖存在诸多不足:一是光泽度不均匀、平整度不稳定;二是瓷砖不能被磨头完全覆盖,产生所谓的“空白三角”现象;三是叠件、缺陷瓷砖进入抛光区后,在磨头的强力作用下易出现瓷砖瞬间爆裂的所谓“炸机”现象。为了克服这些问题,设计了一种圆周摆动式横梁,采用这种横梁的抛光机磨出的瓷砖光泽度达到50°-65°,平整度偏差小于±0.2%。

基于VMD的小电流接地故障融合选线方法

针对目前煤矿配电网故障选线方法在相关故障特征不明显时存在故障选线失效,基于单一模态分量和单一故障特征的故障选线方法的选线准确度较低等问题,提出了一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)的小电流接地故障融合选线方法。利用VMD将母线中各出线的故障零序电流分解为多个模态分量,根据模态分量的故障特征确定VMD层数,并选取故障特征明显的模态分量作为故障选线的有效模态分量;分别计算各出线故障零序电流有效模态分量的暂态能量和波形相似度;根据各出线有效模态分量的暂态能量占比和波形相似度占比,构建基于暂态能量的故障选线判据和基于波形相似度的故障选线判据,并将2种故障选线判据融合,形成基于VMD的故障融合选线算法。利用电磁暂态仿真软件ATP/EMTP搭建煤矿配电网模型,在不同接地故障电阻、故障初相角和故障位置的单相接地故障场景下,对所提出的故障融合选线方法进行验证,结果表明:在配电网发生各种单相接地故障时,基于VMD的小电流接地故障融合选线方法不受故障位置的影响,较能量法和相关性聚类法的故障选线正确率分别提高了17%和50%,且不受故障类型影响,可应用于小电流接地故障选线。

并网变换器的多频率耦合等幅振荡分析

电压源型并网变换器与交流电网相互作用会引发新型电磁振荡现象。受控制器非线性环节的影响,该振荡不能持续发散,最终将形成等幅振荡。目前,已有研究多利用描述函数法对系统的限幅环节进行建模,从而计算振荡的幅值和频率。但是这些模型都忽略了非线性环节导致的高阶振荡分量。对现有方法进行了改进,提出了一种计及高阶振荡分量的并网变换器等幅振荡分析方法,推导了考虑高阶振荡分量后非对称限幅的描述函数,及考虑高阶分量后等幅振荡频率和幅值的计算方法,并将该方法应用于单轴限幅和双轴限幅的振荡分析。最后,利用仿真验证了所提改进方法的准确性。理论分析和仿真验证表明,所提方法提高了并网变换器等幅振荡的分析精度,并且能够计算高阶振荡分量的幅值。

孤岛新能源场站接入柔性直流高频振荡机理及抑制策略

大规模新能源孤岛经柔性直流送出系统的高频振荡问题在近期工程中日渐突出。文中建立了考虑一次主电路设备内部动态过程、控制链路延时、序分量分离环节、内外环控制环节的不同频率耦合特性的柔性直流换流器阻抗数学模型,并对数学模型进行简化,确定孤岛新能源场站接入柔性直流换流器的高频振荡机理为控制链路延时与内环电流反馈、电压前馈环节共同形成了柔性直流系统高频负阻尼,进一步得到了影响柔性直流换流器高频阻抗特性的关键因素。针对关键影响因素设计了孤岛新能源场站接入柔性直流系统的高频振荡抑制方案。相应解决方案在PSCAD模型中得到验证,同时解决了中国张北、如东新能源经柔性直流送出工程现场的高频振荡问题。

Localization of Oscillation Source in DC Distribution Network Based on Power Spectral Density

Direct current(DC)bus voltage stability is essential for the stable and reliable operation of a DC system.If an oscillation source can be quickly and accurately localized,the oscillation can be adequately eliminated.We propose a method based on the power spectral density for identifying the voltage oscillation source.Specifically,a DC distribution network model combined with the component connection method is developed,and the network is separated into multiple power modules.Compared with a conventional method,the proposed method does not require determining the model parameters of the entire power grid,which is typically challenging.Furthermore,combined with a novel judgment index,the oscillation source can be identified more intuitively and clearly to enhance the applicability to real power grids.The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using the MATLAB/Simulink software and PLECS RT Box experimental platform.The simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed method can accurately identify oscillation sources in a DC distribution network.

基于广域测量数据驱动的电力系统强迫振荡源定位

强迫振荡具有随机性强、振幅大、起振快、传播范围广等特点,为预防其引起的电力系统解列和大停电事故,快速、准确地定位振荡源是十分重要且紧急的任务。文章基于广域测量数据,提出数据驱动的强迫振荡源定位方法,首先,使用孤立森林算法进行原始数据清洗;然后,利用强迫振荡数据的稀疏性和原系统数据的低秩性,将原问题转化为鲁棒主成分分析问题,通过增广拉格朗日乘子法求解。最后,在WECC 240节点系统验证所提方法的有效性。