Fine Mapping QTLs Affecting Milk Production Traits on BTA6 in Chinese Holstein with SNP Markers

Our previous studies demonstrated that the region around markers BMS470 and BMS1242 on BTA6 showed a linkage to 305-d milk yield and composition traits in the Chinese Holstein population. We herein focused on such narrow region to fine map milk production QTLs with 15 SNPs across 25 Mb with each SNP in 1 Mb within most regions in a Chinese Holstein population with daughter design. 1 449 Holstein cows and 11 sires were genotyped for such SNPs by using TaqMan probe and RFLP assays. Multipoint linkage analysis across family revealed a QTL affecting milk yield between PPARGC1A C4075T and SLC34A2 T1713C. Meanwhile, within family analysis found three milk yield QTLs （two in CR T60984131G-CEP135 C501T and one in PDLIM5 A106C-OPN T3907, a fat yield QTLin UGDH T1670C-CR T60984131G region, and two protein yield QTLs in TBC1D1 G501C-UGDH T1670C and PPARGC1A C4075T-SLC34A2 T1713C, respectively. Associations between aforementioned significant SNP markers and milk production traits were further implemented. We found significant associations of PPARGC1A C4075T, SLC34A2 T1713C with milk yield （P0.05, P0.01, P0.01）, UGDH T1670C, and CR T60984131G with fat yield （P0.01, P0.01）, and PPARGC1A C4075T, SLC34A2 T1713C, UGDH T1670C and OPN T3907 with protein yield （P0.01, P0.01, P0.01, P0.01）. Our findings implied that QTLs affecting milk production traits on BTA6 were pleictropism or multigenic effect and PPARGC1A and OPN may be the causal mutations behind milk production QTLs on BTA6 in the Chinese Holstein population.

Quantifying the agreement and accuracy characteristics of four satellite-based LULC products for cropland classification in China

Various land use and land cover(LULC)products have been produced over the past decade with the development of remote sensing technology.Despite the differences in LULC classification schemes,there is a lack of research on assessing the accuracy of their application to croplands in a unified framework.Thus,this study evaluated the spatial and area accuracies of cropland classification for four commonly used global LULC products(i.e.,MCD12Q1V6,GlobCover2009,FROM-GLC and GlobeLand30)based on the harmonised FAO criterion,and quantified the relationships between four factors(i.e.,slope,elevation,field size and crop system)and cropland classification agreement.The validation results indicated that MCD12Q1 and GlobeLand30 performed well in cropland classification regarding spatial consistency,with overall accuracies of 94.90 and 93.52%,respectively.The FROMGLC showed the worst performance,with an overall accuracy of 83.17%.Overlaying the cropland generated by the four global LULC products,we found the proportions of complete agreement and disagreement were 15.51 and 44.72% for the cropland classification,respectively.High consistency was mainly observed in the Northeast China Plain,the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the northern part of the Middle-lower Yangtze Plain,China.In contrast,low consistency was detected primarily on the eastern edge of the northern and semiarid region,the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and southern China.Field size was the most important factor for mapping cropland.For area accuracy,compared with China Statistical Yearbook data at the provincial scale,the accuracies of different products in descending order were:GlobeLand30,FROM-GLC,MCD12Q1,and GlobCover2009.The cropland classification schemes mainly caused large area deviations among the four products,and they also resulted in the different ranks of spatial accuracy and area accuracy among the four products.Our results can provide valuable suggestions for selecting cropland products at the national or provincial scale and help cropland mapping and reconstruction,which is essential for food security and crop management,so they can also contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals issued by the United Nations.

MAXIMAL ELEMENTS OF A FAMILY OF G_B-MAJORIZED MAPPINGS IN PRODUCT FC-SPACES AND APPLICATIONS

A new family of GB-majorized mappings from a topological space into a finite continuous topological spaces （in short, FC-space） involving a better admissible set-valued mapping is introduced. Some existence theorems of maximal elements for the family of GB-majorized mappings are proved under noncompact setting of product FCspaces. Some applications to fixed point and system of minimax inequalities are given in product FC-spaces. These theorems improve, unify and generalize many important results in recent literature.

An Alternative Way to Mapping Cone: The Algebraic Topology of the Pinched Tensor

In this research, we explore the properties and applications of the mapping cone and its variant, the pinched mapping cone. The mapping cone is a construction that arises naturally in algebraic topology and is used to study the homotopy type of spaces. It has several key properties, including its homotopy equivalence to the cofiber of a continuous map, and its ability to compute homotopy groups using the long exact sequence associated with the cofiber. We also provide an overview of the properties and applications of the mapping cone and the pinched mapping cone in algebraic topology. This work highlights the importance of these constructions in the study of homotopy theory and the calculation of homotopy groups. The study also points to the potential for further research in this area which includes the study of higher homotopy groups and the applications of these constructions to other areas of mathematics.

MAXIMAL ELEMENTS FOR G_B-MAJORIZED MAPPINGS IN PRODUCT G-CONVEX SPACES AND APPLICATIONS (Ⅰ)

A new family of set_valued mappings from a topological space into generalized convex spaces was introduced and studied. By using the continuous partition of unity theorem and Brouwer fixed point theorem, several existence theorems of maximal elements for the family of set_valued mappings were proved under noncompact setting of product generalized convex spaces. These theorems improve, unify and generalize many important results in recent literature.

MAXIMAL ELEMENTS FOR G_B-MAJORIZED MAPPINGS IN PRODUCT G_CONVEX SPACES AND APPLICATIONS (Ⅱ)

A new family of set_valued mappings from a topological space into generalized convex spaces was introduced and studied. By using the continuous partition of unity theorem and Brouwer fixed point theorem, several existence theorems of maximal elements for the family of set_valued mappings were proved under noncompact setting of product generalized convex spaces. These theorems improve, unify and generalize many important results in recent literature.

Mining Elite Alleles of Growth Duration and Productive Panicle Number per Plant by Association Mapping with Conditional Phenotypic Value in Japonica Rice

To provide genetic information and materials for breeding hybrid japonica rice with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield, elite alleles and their carrier varieties of growth duration （GD） and productive panicle number per plant （PN） were detected. A natural population composed of 94 japonica varieties was phenotyped for the GD, PN and plant height （PH） in two environments. The conditional phenotypic data were transferred by the linear model method in software QGAStation 1.0, and association mapping based on the unconditional and conditional phenotype values of GD and PN was analyzed by using general linear model in software TASSEL. A total of 34 simple sequence repeat （SSR） marker loci associated with GD and PN were detected in the two environments. Among them, 15 were associated with GD, and 19 were associated with PN. Four elite alleles of RM8095-120bp, RM7102-176bp, RM72-170bp and RM72-178bp were associated with GD, and their carrier varieties were Hongmangshajing, Nipponbare, Hongmangshajing and Nannongjing 62401, respectively. These elite alleles from the carrier varieties can shorten GD by 2.03-9.93 d when they were introduced into improved materials. RM72-182bp associated with PN was an elite allele, and its carrier variety was Xiaoqingzhong. It can increase PN by three when introduced into improved materials. Moreover, these elite alleles can be used to improve target traits without influencing another two traits.

On Products and Diagonals of Mappings in Generalized Topological Spaces

Based on the theory of products of generalized topologies,we introduce the product mappings and the diagonal mappings in generalized topological spaces in this paper.We investigate some basic properties(especially,the continuity,openness and closedness)of the product mappings and the diagonal mappings in generalized topological spaces.Some applications are given to answer two questions raised in[3].

A bottom-up method for module-based product platform development through mapping,clustering and matching analysis

Designing product platform could be an effective and efficient solution for manufacturing firms. Product platforms enable firms to provide increased product variety for the marketplace with as little variety between products as possible. Developed consumer products and modules within a firm can further be investigated to find out the possibility of product platform creation. A bottom-up method is proposed for module-based product platform through mapping, clustering and matching analysis. The framework and the parametric model of the method are presented, which consist of three steps:(1) mapping parameters from existing product families to functional modules,(2) clustering the modules within existing module families based on their parameters so as to generate module clusters, and selecting the satisfactory module clusters based on commonality, and(3) matching the parameters of the module clusters to the functional modules in order to capture platform elements. In addition, the parameter matching criterion and mismatching treatment are put forward to ensure the effectiveness of the platform process, while standardization and serialization of the platform element are presented. A design case of the belt conveyor is studied to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

A Roadmap to Lean Production Implementation for Small Scale Nigerian Wire and Cable Companies

The increasing customers＇ demands in terms of speed of service and reduced cost at higher quality has generated a new platform on which manufacturing companies compete. This heightened challenge is virtually driving all manufacturing companies to introducing lean manufacturing principles into their production systems. This paper focuses on the analysis of the current state mapping of a case study and then proposes a future state mapping to the company. The extruder 60 production line of Denki wires and cables limited, Akure, Nigeria was carefully evaluated. Data were collected from actual operators on the shop floor and feedbacks from the customers at the Gemba. Denki＇s extruder 60 production line production lead time was massively reduced from 38.42 days to 5.16 days with a 12.86% waste reduction. At the end, a practical way of implementing this aspect of lean manufacturing was suggested.

Similar extrusion and mapping optimization of die cavity modeling for special-shaped products

Aimed at the modeling issues in design and quick processing of extruding die for special-shaped products, with the help of Conformal Mapping theory, Conformal Mapping function is determined by the given method of numerical trigonometric interpolation. Three-dimensional forming problems are transformed into two-dimensional problems, and mathematical model of die cavity surface is established based on different kinds of vertical curve, as well as the mathematical model of plastic flow in extruding deformation of special-shaped products gets completed. By upper bound method, both vertical curves of die cavity and its parameters are optimized. Combining the optimized model with the latest NC technology, NC Program of die cavity and its CAM can be realized. Taking the similar extrusion of square-shaped products with arc radius as instance, both metal plastic similar extrusion and die cavity optimization are carried out.

基于SuperMap iDesktop空间数据库的地形图快速生产

基于SuperMap iDesktop 10软件平台,提出了通过方案定制和协同编辑实现地形图快速生产的技术路线,以全要素1∶10000比例尺地形图数据制作1∶25000比例尺地形图为例,对实现地图快速保障的关键环节进行了阐述。该技术路线能够基于已有的多源地理信息数据和制图方案,快速提供和灵活制作符合要求的标准产品及定制化成果,从而缩短成图周期、实现快速保障应用,对新型测绘体系下的快速精准保障模式进行了有益探索。

Biharmonic product maps between doubly warped product manifolds

The biharmonicity of the product map Φ2=φ×ψ and the two generalized projections φ-and ψ-are analyzed. Some results are obtained, that is, Φ2 is a proper biharmonic map if and only if b is a non-constant solution of -1/f2 Jφ（dφ（grad（lnb）））＋n/2 grad｜dφ（grad（lnb））｜2=0 and f is a non-constant solution of -1/b2Jψ（dψ（grad（lnf）））＋m/2grad｜dψ（grad（lnf））｜2=0, and Φ2=φ×ψ is a proper biharmonic map if and only if φ-and ψ-are proper biharmonic maps.

f-Harmonic maps of doubly warped product manifolds

In this paper,we study f-harmonicity of some special maps from or into a doubly warped product manifold.First we recall some properties of doubly twisted product manifolds.After showing that the inclusion maps from Riemannian manifolds M and N into the doubly warped product manifold M ×（μ,λ） N can not be proper f-harmonic maps,we use projection maps and product maps to construct nontrivial f-harmonic maps.Thus we obtain some similar results given in [21],such as the conditions for f-harmonicity of projection maps and some characterizations for non-trivial f-harmonicity of the special product maps.Furthermore,we investigate non-trivial f-harmonicity of the product of two harmonic maps.

The closed finite-to-one mappings and their applications

In this paper,we discuss the closed finite-to-one mapping theorems on generalized metric spaces and their applications.It is proved that point-G_δ properties,■-snf-countability and csf-countability are invariants and inverse invariants under closed finite-to-one mappings.By the relationships between the weak first-countabilities,we obtain the closed finite-to-one mapping theorems of weak quasi-first-countability,quasi-first-countability,snf-countability,gfcountability and sof-countability.Furthermore,these results are applied to the study of symmetric products of topological spaces.

Conformal mapping modeling of metal plastic deformation and die cavity in special-shaped extrusion

With the help of Complex Function Mapping studied results, the analysis function of Conformal Mapping is set up. Since the complicated three dimension’s deformation problems are transferred into two dimension problems, both the stream function and strain ratio field are analyzed in the metal plastic deformation. Using the upper-bound principles, the theory of metal deformation and die cavity optimized modeling is established for random special-shaped product extrusion. As a result, this enables the realization of intelligent technique target in the die cavity of CAD/CAM integration.

Linear Maps Preserving Idempotency of Products of Matrices on Upper Triangular Matrix Algebras

Let Tn be the algebra of all n × n complex upper triangular matrices. We give the concrete forms of linear injective maps on Tn which preserve the nonzero idempotency of either products of two matrices or triple Jordan products of two matrices.

An Integral Representation of a Family of Slit Mappings

We consider a normalized family F of analytic functions f, whose common domain is the complement of a closed ray in the complex plane. If f(z) is real when z is real and the range of f does not intersect the nonpositive real axis, then f can be reproduced by integrating the biquadratic kernel against a probability measure u(t) . It is shown that while this integral representation does not characterize the family F, it applies to a large class of functions, including a collection of functions which multiply the Hardy space Hp into itself.

Vulnerability assessment of crop production to climate change across Northwest China during 1995–2014

Crop production vulnerability to climate change in Northwest China depends upon multiple socio-ecological factors.Knowledge regarding the specific indicators and methods suitable for assessing crop production vulnerability is limited that address spatiotemporal variations across large and diverse zones.We propose an integrated assessment framework to quantify the vulnerability of crop production derived from crop yield sensitivity,exposure,and adaptive consequences across 338 counties in Northwest China during 1995–2014.Maps on these indices were generated using climatic and socioeconomic data with spatial mapping method.Different clusters of crop production vulnerability were then identified by a k-means cluster method to assess the heterogeneity of vulnerability at a regional scale.Results show that the vulnerability of crop production in 338 counties varies significantly in both geographical and socioeconomic aspects,specifically,vulnerability indicators are generally higher in Minhe,Menyuan,Hualong,and Ledu,and Xayar had the lowest value of vulnerability.This indicates that adaptation strategies for regional crop production need to focus on several levels,from the improvement of adaptive ability to crop yield fluctuation by promoting irrigation agriculture and optimizing limited water resources in typical arid areas,to agriculture-related financial policies incentivizing the capital investment and technology upgrade of crop production on traditional farming regions.This study provides convincing evidence that the factors related to socioeconomic policies are particularly alarming when a crop’s risk is compared to precipitation fluctuations.We recommend these findings be used to facilitate regional agriculture planning to reduce crop production vulnerability and ensure sustainable food security in specific regions.

Autonomous Vehicle Design in Lean Product Development Processes for Value Stream Map

The global automotive industry is giving a difficult and common test in order to create advanced life models in the near future plans or scenarios that include current autonomous vehicle technologies. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to comparatively evaluate the impact of autonomous vehicle technologies, which are newly included in the automotive manufacturing industry under sustainable competition, on lean product development processes, value acquisition and preservation, in different organizational structures in the approach. Although mergers or brand acquisitions in the global automotive industry create joint R & D (Research Development) or joint new P & D (Product Development) process structures for the development of autonomous vehicle technologies, heavy competition continues in the market. These new processes create different needs for the merger and partnership of the renewed traffic infrastructures under national and international regulations, and for the implementation of the new autonomous life model. Firm and brand marriages, mergers or acquisitions in today’s automotive industry have ensured the high diffusion of lean product development processes under the stream of value creation or preservation carried out specific to the company under competition. Brand mergers in automotive industry companies struggling to survive under high competition create new work disciplines, professions, and engineering flow steps in lean product development processes. However, lean product development processes driven by technological innovation under simplification have resulted in the integration of parts and systems within the autonomous vehicle design structure, as well as creating new interdisciplinary value streams or different stakeholders. Therefore, the research revealed the significant effects of lean product development processes on the value stream in the automotive industry, on the mixed and lean product development process structure formed by new or existing vehicle systems (conventional vehicle) under the penetration of each existing and new discipline. This research compares the efficient operation steps of the process stakeholders in the autonomous vehicle design parts or systems containing innovation and new technology together with the value stream in the lean product development process, and the new process stakeholder’s business-oriented global and local automotive industry companies. New autonomous vehicle technologies, together with their unique software, hardware and development analysis, have been involved in the lean product development process with their interdisciplinary studies or expertise. Therefore, the study firstly focused on the technologies in environmental use together with the new basic features of autonomous vehicles, and then examined in depth the new or existing disciplines and interdisciplinary basic structure that these innovations affect under the value stream in the lean product development process. In addition, micro-level results and recommendations were shared, shedding light on how autonomous vehicle levels will create changes in the new product development process.