Corrosion performance and tribological behavior of diamond-like carbon based coating applied on Ni−Al−bronze alloy

The effect of diamond-like carbon(DLC)coating(fabricated by cathodic arc deposition)on mechanical properties,tribological behavior and corrosion performance of the Ni−Al−bronze(NAB)alloy was investigated.Nano-hardness and pin-on-plate test showed that DLC coating had a greater hardness compared with NAB alloy.Besides,the decrease in friction coefficient from 0.2 for NAB substrate to 0.13 for the DLC-coated sample was observed.Potentiodynamic polarization and EIS results showed that the corrosion current density decreased from 2.5μA/cm2 for bare NAB alloy to 0.14μA/cm2 for DLC-coated sample in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.Moreover,the charge transfer resistance at the substrate−electrolyte interface increased from 3.3 kΩ·cm2 for NAB alloy to 120.8 kΩ·cm2 for DLC-coated alloy,which indicated an increase in corrosion resistance due to the DLC coating.

Experimental study of electron beam welded titanium alloy to chromium bronze joint with a vanadium sheet

Electron beam welding experiment of titanium alloy to chromium bronze with a vanadium filler metal was carried out. Microstructure of the joint was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile strength of the joint was evaluated. The fracture surface of the joint was also analyzed. The results showed that the addition of vanadium filler metal reduced the brittleness of joint by increasing the amount of vanadium-based solid solution in the weld. But the melting point of vanadium.filler metal was so high that large heat input was needed to completely melt the filler metal. Thus, a large amount of interfacial compounds were produced. The tensile strength of joint was 280 MPa with a brittle fracture mode.

Corrosion Behavior of Heat Treated Nickel-Aluminum Bronze Alloy in Artificial Seawater

The effect of microstructure of nickel-aluminum bronze alloy (NAB) on the corrosion behavior in artificial seawater is studied using linear polarization, impedance and electrochemical noise tests. The alloy was heat treated in different heating cycles including quenching, normalizing and annealing. Microstructure of the specimens was characterized before and after heat treatment by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the value of pearlite phase in the normalized alloy is much more than other specimens, leading to higher corrosion resistance. Polarization test showed that starting point of passivation in the polarization of the normalized alloy is lower than other specimens. The dissolution of Mn and Fe rich phases increased the Mn and Fe contents in solid solution, and this enhanced the passivation power of the surface of the alloy. The effect of the alloying elements was seen by a lower corrosion potential and an inflexion at around 280 mV (SCE) in the polarization curve, indicating the preferential dissolution of some elements beyond that potential. The polarization curve showed that the anodic polarization behavior of the alloy in the solution was essentially controlled by the intermetallic phases, mainly containing Cu. Two types of corrosion, pitting and selective corrosion, were observed in the specimens after being exposed to artificial seawater.

Effect of Annealing Atmosphere on the Mechanical Property of Free-cutting Phosphor Bronze Alloy

The present work is focused on the influence of annealing atmosphere on the microstructure and mechanical property of free-cutting phosphor bronze alloy.The annealing of the alloy was conducted in the three kinds of annealing atmosphere such as air,vacuum and nitrogen.After annealing,a discernable difference in recystallized grain size and lead particle size was not appeared with different annealing atmosphere.The tensile strength of the alloy annealed in air or nitrogen atmosphere was higher than that of those annealed in vacuum atmosphere.In thecase of the alloy annealed in vacuum atmosphere,the mechanical strength was reduced by vaporization of zinc.In the case of annealing in nitrogen and in air atmosphere,the sweating of lead was occurred.However,the inverse segregation of lead was suppressed by copper oxide layer on the surface annealed in air.This copper oxide layer leads to a decrease of the yield during fabrication process. Therefore,annealing of the alloy in nitrogen atmosphere is favorable in terms of the mechanical strength and yield.

Diffusion bonding of titanium alloy to tin-bronze

The vacuum diffusion bonding of titanium alloy to tin bronze has been studied and the feasibility and appropriate processing parameters have been investigated. The maximum tensile strength of the joints is 168 MPa , and a firm joint is obtained. The microstructure of diffusion bonded joint has been observed by SEM, X ray and EPMA, and the main factors affecting diffusion bonding have been analyzed. The intermetallic compounds Ti 2Cu and TiCu were formed near the interface. The width and quantity of the intermetallic compound increases with the increase of the bonding time. The formation of the intermetallic compounds results in embrittlement of the joint and the poor joint properties.

Size effects on deformation behavior of C5210 phosphor bronze thin sheet

To investigate the effects of thickness and grain size on mechanical and deformation properties of C5210 phosphor bronze thin sheets, samples with different grain sizes were obtained through annealing heat treatment at different temperatures; and then tensile tests of samples with different thicknesses and grain sizes were conducted at room temperature. The results show that yield strength increases with decreasing thickness from 800 to 50 μm, but work hardening exponent and total elongation decrease, and a modified model was proposed to describe the relation between yield strength and thickness; yield strength decreases as the grain size increases, but work hardening exponent shows an increasing trend, total elongation increases to a peak and then decreases. Fracture morphology of tensile specimens was observed by SEM, which indicates that all tensile specimens are ductile fracture. The dimple intensity increases as the specimen thickness increases but reduces with the specimen grain size increasing.

湖北荆州张大冢战国楚墓出土青铜器的成分与金相研究

利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、金相显微镜对荆州市纪南镇雨台村张大冢战国墓地出土12件青铜器进行成分与金相分析。结果表明,12件青铜器分别为铅锡青铜、锡铅青铜和锡青铜3种材质,铅锡(或锡铅)青铜器普遍含铅量较高,青铜器多以铸造成形,铜盘均采用热锻加工技术。不同类型及使用功能的器物,其合金成分与金相组织存在明显差异。张大冢墓地作为战国中晚期的楚国下等级贵族家族墓地,出土青铜容器也多为素面薄壁,锈蚀较为严重,但其出土青铜器的合金配比、制作技术及机械性能均展现出战国中晚期楚国工匠已经拥有成熟的青铜合金、铸造以及加工技术,也揭示出当时工匠有意识地在青铜明器与实用器的合金技术上存在区别对待,为全面认识东周时期楚都纪南城青铜冶铸业的发展状况提供科学依据。

AMT及其复配剂对青铜合金的缓蚀机理研究

青铜文物是国之瑰宝,其组织成分主要是青铜合金,本工作以青铜合金为研究对象,对合金表面的缓蚀效率及机理进行实验探索,为青铜文物保护材料的性能研究提供实验支持。采用失重法和电化学极化测试研究了2-氨基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑(AMT)复配尿素和三聚氰胺作为青铜合金缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率。失重实验结果表明,随着AMT浓度的增大,试样在三组实验腐蚀溶液中缓蚀效率均上升,其中1%AMT复配尿素组在NaCl溶液中的缓蚀效率为最大。电化学分析结果表明,随着加入电解液中AMT浓度的增加,1%AMT复配尿素组的腐蚀电位比1%AMT组上升了0.08 V,缓蚀效率为89.8%。采用SEM和XPS对试样表面含Cu的AMT缓蚀膜进行了分析,并对缓蚀机理进行探讨,结果表明,铜离子与AMT反应生成Cu(I)-AMT络合物,吸附在青铜表面起到缓蚀作用。

双级时效工艺对QAl9-4铝青铜力学性能的影响

采用正交实验研究双级时效工艺对QAl9-4铝青铜组织与性能的影响。发现不同工艺参数对合金性能影响强度不同,影响顺序由大到小为二级时效温度>一级时效温度>一级时效时间>二级时效时间。对正交实验结果进行方差分析得到最优双级时效工艺为(150℃/2h)+(500℃/2.5h),并以此工艺对合金进行处理。与单级时效处理相比,双级时效处理后的合金抗压强度、极限压缩率、硬度分别提升了14.79%、25.59%和5.28%。最后对不同时效工艺处理的合金进行显微结构表征,发现性能差异来源于双级时效处理后的合金含有更多弥散分布的强化相和更少的γ2相,因此对QAl9-4铝青铜进行双级时效处理可以获得比单级时效处理更优异的性能。

电弧增材镍铝青铜的组织与性能

镍铝青铜合金由于其在海水中的高耐腐蚀性能、抗生物污染性能和良好的抗空化冲击性能,被广泛运用于船舶螺旋桨的制造,但传统的铸造镍铝青铜由于材料成本过高,并且性能已不再适用于现今越来越高的要求.为了获得性能优异的镍铝青铜构件,采用了电弧增材制造技术成功制造了镍铝青铜合金构件,研究了铸造镍铝青铜和电弧增材的镍铝青铜的微观组织和力学性能的差异.结果表明,与铸态镍铝青铜合金相比,电弧增材制造的镍铝青铜合金有更细小的微观组织,κⅠ相的析出被抑制,绝大多数的β′相转变为α+κⅢ的共析组织,元素分布更均匀.与铸态镍铝青铜相比(545 MPa,20%),电弧增材制造的镍铝青铜构件展现了更加优异的力学性能,极限抗拉强度达到700 MPa,断后伸长率达到38%.

ZSnSb11-6巴氏合金与ZQSn10-1锡青铜耐磨性对比研究

采用MFT-5000型摩擦磨损试验机,对比研究了ZSnSb11-6巴氏合金和ZQSn10-1锡青铜在不同载荷下的耐磨性。结果表明:当载荷为20 N时,锡青铜的磨损率较巴氏合金低78.3%,当载荷为140 N时,锡青铜的磨损率较巴氏合金仍低36.3%;ZSnSb11-6巴氏合金由于硬度较低,磨痕和犁沟较深,同时随着载荷的增加,易在硬质相β相(SnSb)处发生剥落;ZQSn10-1锡青铜由于硬度较高,磨痕和犁沟较浅,同时由于(α+δ)硬质相的尺寸较小,无尖锐的棱角,剥落程度轻。因此,在20~140 N载荷下ZQSn10-1锡青铜的耐磨性优于ZSnSb11-6巴氏合金。

异种材料不锈钢和铝合金焊接技术研究及应用

应急放试验工装采用异种材料304不锈钢和6061铝合金焊接而成。在采用熔钎焊工艺焊接时,由于这两种材料的化学成分不同以及熔点的差异,在焊缝中形成多种Fe-Al脆性金属间化合物以及共晶体混合组织,导致出现严重的裂纹和气孔缺陷。本文进行了304不锈钢/6061铝合金对接和T形结构的焊接工艺研究。首先在304不锈钢侧采用铝铁青铜材料焊接制作中间过渡层,然后采用ER5356焊丝对6061铝合金和过渡层进行焊接,从而使钢和铝之间相互熔合。采用交流方波TIG焊和合适的焊接参数,控制钢和铝异种材料焊接过程中脆性金属间化合物及共晶体混合组织的形成,解决了不锈钢和铝合金异种材料无法熔融焊接的问题。所得到的焊缝力学性能优良,该工艺已成功用于应急放试验工装的焊接加工制造中。

成都金沙遗址出土圆角方孔形铜器研究

通过对金沙遗址祭祀区出土的15件圆角方孔形铜器的形制特征、合金成分和金相组织的分析,认为圆角方孔形铜器的用途应为祭祀中的礼仪用器,其形制与合金成分具有一定的相关性,锡铅比越小,矩形度越大。金沙遗址出土的圆角方孔形铜器与三星堆文化有着密切的联系,本文研究的15件圆角方孔形铜器应为三星堆文化与十二桥文化过渡时期的产物。

广西民族博物馆馆藏十五面铜鼓合金成分及显微组织分析

为了解不同类型铜鼓合金成分及显微组织特征,使用扫描电镜、金相显微镜对广西民族博物馆馆藏15面铜鼓进行分析检测,并结合前人研究成果,讨论各类型铜鼓合金配比与铸造工艺特征。分析结果显示,石寨山型鼓为铜锡合金;北流型、冷水冲型与灵山型鼓为铜锡铅合金且铅锡含量较高,合金配比稳定;麻江型鼓锡含量均高,铅含量波动较大。显微组织观察显示,1面石寨山型鼓局部有滑移带及再结晶组织,2面麻江型鼓局部有滑移带,其余鼓全为铸态组织,α固溶体晶间分布(α+δ)共析体,皆有硫化物夹杂,多数存在数量不等的铅颗粒弥散或聚集分布,部分样品可见富铁相、氧化亚铜、自由铜颗粒。7面麻江型鼓均见较多缩松,位于样品截面中部。分析结果反映的不同类型铜鼓合金配比、夹杂物、铸造缺陷特征,可为铜鼓铸造技术研究提供基础资料。

Diversified manufacturing processes and multiple mineral sources:Features of Warring States bronze vessels excavated from Chutai Cemetery M1,Anhui Province

Northern Anhui was an important region for diverse bronze culture convergence and extensive metal resource circulation in the Pre-Qin Period.In this paper,metallographic microstructure analysis,chemical composition analysis,and lead isotope ratio analysis were conducted on 12 samples of 6 Warring States Period(476–221 BCE)bronze vessels excavated from Chutai Cemetery M1,Fuyang,Anhui Province,revealing the integrated application of diversified manufacturing processes,such as casting,forging,cold working,and welding and multiple metal minerals.The analytical results showed that 2 Ding vessels(鼎)were made by casting,and 2 He vessels(盒)and 2 Dui vessels(敦)were made by forging followed by cold working.These two types of bronze vessels made by different manufacturing processes have significantly distinct alloy ratios and mineral sources,among which the Cu and Sn contents of the 2 cast bronze vessels are lower and the Pb content is higher,while the Cu and Sn contents of the 4 forged bronze vessels are higher and the Pb content is lower.The lead minerals of the two types of bronze vessels might come from Western Henan and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,respectively.In addition,the 3 pieces of solder used to weld bronze vessels were all made of pure Sn,their metal minerals should come from the densely distributed area of tin ore in Southern China,and Sn solders were mainly discovered in the Chu culture area during the Eastern Zhou Period.

广西馆藏古代含砷麻江型铜鼓初步科学研究

通过对比便携式荧光分析仪(pXRF)、扫描电子显微镜能谱仪(SEM-EDS)与能量色散型X射线荧光光谱仪(ED-XRF)测定铜鼓基体的成分数据,差异较小,显示pXRF在检测锈蚀程度较低的麻江型铜鼓可靠性较高。使用pXRF对广西民族博物馆馆藏221面麻江型铜鼓进行系统地检测,砷含量≥2%麻江型铜鼓共53面,占比高达24%,可确认铜锡砷铅四元合金是麻江型铜鼓(含砷麻江型)重要的合金类型。研究表明,含砷麻江型铜鼓是中国南方重要的青铜器之一,其生产专业且复杂,是研究广西乃至南方砷铜矿开发与利用的重要材料。

CuAl9Ni3Fe2铝青铜合金CMT增材修复工艺研究

针对核电厂循环水冲洗泵盖板表面结构完整性破坏失效的工程问题,基于冷金属过渡技术(Cold metal transfer,CMT),开展了CuAl9Ni3Fe2铝青铜合金电弧增材修复工艺的研究。通过单层单道成形、单层多道搭接成形以及多层多道试验研究,确定并固化了一套CuAl9Ni3Fe2铝青铜合金CMT增材修复工艺的关键参数;并借鉴已有成熟的核电设备制造工程实践,参考RCC-M规范要求,制定了该修复工艺的验证试验要求,明确了试验项目、试验标准及验收指标,并按要求完成试件的制备及试验。结果表明:采用研发的CMT增材修复工艺制备的熔敷金属外观成形优良,内部致密无缺陷且与母材熔合良好,力学性能与母材相当,各项试验结果均满足验收指标。可用于CuAl9Ni3Fe2铝青铜合金的CMT增材制造及修复。

紫铜及铝青铜合金高耐蚀性阳极氧化工艺研究与生产应用

为改良T1紫铜、QAl9-4铝青铜合金的外观并提高耐腐蚀性能,使用氢氧化钠、钼酸铵的水溶液作为工作溶液,对T1紫铜、QAl9-4铝青铜合金进行阳极氧化处理。采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱和金相显微镜测试2种材料表面的阳极氧化膜层的显微形貌、主要成分和金相组织,从而优化阳极氧化工艺参数。通过外观检测、附着强度测试、耐高温、中性盐雾试验等检测方法考核了阳极氧化膜层的综合性能。结果表明:阳极氧化电流密度为1.0 A/dm^(2),时间为25~30 min,温度为80~90℃时,可以获得厚度为1~3μm、可耐温400℃的黑色氧化膜。经适当封闭处理的2种材料表面的阳极氧化膜层阻碍了腐蚀介质的扩散,T1紫铜耐腐蚀性提高6.0倍,QAl9-4铝青铜合金耐腐蚀性提高2.5倍。生产应用表明该工艺稳定、操作简便,适用于T1紫铜、QAl9-4铝青铜合金材料产品大批量生产,能够满足产品装饰性、消光性、耐高温性和耐腐蚀性要求。

新型弹性合金研究

阐述了铍青铜弹性合金的发展和应用,讨论了它的优点和缺点所在。同时,讨论了新型弹性合金如 Cu-Ni-Sn 合金的发展状况,阐述了 Cu-Ni-Sn 合金的制备工艺和组织性能,最后讨论了新型 Cu-Ni-Sn 合金的研究发展方向。

新型模具铝青铜合金材料的研制

进行了新型模具铝青铜合金材料的试制研究。结果表明 ,高铝 (13%～ 15 % Al)青铜合金中加入 Fe、Mn、Ni、Co等多元合金 ,通过 85 0～ 880℃油淬固溶 +5 80～ 6 0 0℃空冷时效处理 ,可以获得高强韧性 β相中弥散分布有 (α+γ2 )沉淀相 +κ相的组织。其性能优于国家最高牌号 QA110 - 3- 1.5 ,是替代铁基合金材料制作拉伸、挤压模具的理想材料。