Chinese Scientists Have Obtained Great Achievements in Comprehensive Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The China Geological Survey carried out 1：250000 regional geological surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1999 to 2005. With a total investment of 300 million yuan, more than 1000 geologists were involved annually to conduct mapping at a grid of one line to every four km along the Kunlun Mts-Altyn Shan-Tanggula Shah, Kokoxili-Qiangtang, Gangdese, Yalun Zangbu River, and finally to the Himalayan ranges. The extensive mapping culminated in a total of 112 maps covering an area of 152 square kilometers. Based on this success, the China Geological Survey launched another program, the ＂Integration and Comprehensive Study of Basic Geological Survey Result（s） in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau＂. The program lasted from 2006 to 2010 and has yielded copious research results, making big strides in upgrading our understanding of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The achievements are manifold. Around 100 maps have been drafted, including the 1：1500000 geological map, tectonic, tectono-magmatic, metamorphic rocks, Precambrian geology, lithofacies palaeogeography, Cenozoic geology, geophysical-geochemical maps and others.

RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS ON ADVANCED NDTS

omestudyprogressesonadvancednon-destructivetest(NDT)methodologyandtechnologyarepresented.ThesignalprocessingandfeatureanalysisofNDT,ultrasonicdigitalimagingandimageprocessing,defectpattermrecognition,NDTvisualizationandcomputervisionutilizationinNDTNon-destructive test,Ultrasonic,Computer applicati

Great Achievements of China's Space Scientific Research

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INSPIRATIONS DRAWN FROM ONE OF OUR RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS

In January 1985, our Institute formed a topic research team aimed at treating underwater soft foundations with explosive techniques. Its research target was the West Seawall in the Harbour of Lianyungang in northern Jiangsu Province. The West Seawall is a key engineering project in the construction and development of the Harbour.

MY RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION & PHASE DIAGRAMS

I graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University in 1955, majoring in physical chemistry. I went to the Institute of Metallurgy under the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1956 as a Ph.D.candidate in thermochemistry and crystal chemistry of metal alloys,and got my Ph.D.degree in 1960.In the following 30 years, I did basic and applied research in interdisciplines,including crystal chemistry,materials science and solid state physics.My main achievements can be listed in two aspects as follows:

CAS ACHIEVEMENTS IN BASIC RESEARCH DURING THE NATIONAL 8TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN

Since its founding in 1949,the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has committed itself to gaining honor for our nation by successfully scaling heights of contemporary science.To this end.Chinese scientists have striven to exert themselves from generation to generation in a courageous and unflagging way. During the period of the national Eighth Five-year Plan(1991—1995), the scientists with the CAS went on working at the frontiers of international science.According to statistics,there were 205 key R&D projects

CAS ACHIEVEMENTS IN RESEARCH INTO GOLD

The gold reserve (gold holding) means the total amount of gold needed for the international balance of payments of the central bank or other official organizations of a country.As the chief form of international reserve,it plays a significant role in stabilizing the national economy,controlling currency inflation and enhancing international credit,a role obvious in both developed and developing countries. Gold, areserve asset with great authority,enjoys special importance from the governments of countries all over the world.In 1985,then Vice-Premier Wang Zhen took charge of gold affairs in China,

MY RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN MOLECULAR THERMODYNAMICS

I have been engaged in teaching and research work in physical chemistry ever since I graduated from university.Starting from the early 1970s,I have focused my research on molecular thermodynamics,which deals with thermodynamic problems in engineering practice at the molecular level.Based on statistical mechanics, computerized simulation and experimental results,the establishment of molecular thermodynamic models for fluid mixtures is the centerpiece of my work. Theoretically,it expounds the structure of fluid mixtures,and the effect of intermolecular interactions on structural and

MY RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF NEURO-ANATOMY

In 1929, I was born in Shanghai. I graduated from the former Hsiang Ya Medical College (a Yale-affdiated medical school in China before Liberation in 1949, and the predecessor of today’s Hunan Medical University) in 1952. My aspiration to be a clinical doctor was strongly influenced by my father Sophie (his pen name) whereas my devotion for all my life to neuro-anatomy resulted from the interaction between the mandatory system of work assignment by the State and my personal selfdevelopment. In the year of my graduation, the Ministry of Public Health under the National Military Commission was in need of a human anatomy lecturer and asked its civil counterpart to select a nominee for the vacancy. At the time, Ihad chosen basic medical research as my career and anatomy was definitely not one of my options, nor was any of my classmates in favor of it. However, the solution to this issue was simple enough: the

Hybrid rice achievements, development and prospect in China

This article reviews the history and progress of hybrid rice development. Hybrid rice research was initiated back in 1964, and commercialized in 1976. Three-line and two-line system hybrid rice were developed in 1974 and 1995, respectively. Research on super hybrid rice, which was first launched by Ministry of Agriculture, China in 1996, is discussed, and the great progress of super hybrid rice had been achieved with a new yield record by 15.4 t ha^-1 in the 6.84 ha demonstration location in Xupu, Hunan Province, China in 2014. And the mechanism of heterosis, the techniques of hybrid seed production and the modern field managements in hybrid rice over the past decades are also discussed. Additionally, this article dealt with the intellectual property protection（IPR） and development of hybrid rice seed industry in China. Major factors that constrain hybrid rice development are analyzed and possible solutions to this problems are proposed. Finally, the authors present methods to further increase production yield, and propose an improvement for breeding super high-yielding hybrid rice based on these methods.

The Beishan underground research laboratory for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China:Planning, site selection,site characterization and in situ tests

With the rapid development of nuclear power in China, the disposal of high-level radioactive waste（HLW） has become an important issue for nuclear safety and environmental protection. Deep geological disposal is internationally accepted as a feasible and safe way to dispose of HLW, and underground research laboratories（URLs） play an important and multi-faceted role in the development of HLW repositories. This paper introduces the overall planning and the latest progress for China＇s URL. On the basis of the proposed strategy to build an area-specific URL in combination with a comprehensive evaluation of the site selection results obtained during the last 33 years, the Xinchang site in the Beishan area,located in Gansu Province of northwestern China, has been selected as the final site for China＇s first URL built in granite. In the process of characterizing the Xinchang URL site, a series of investigations,including borehole drilling,geological mapping, geophysical surveying,hydraulic testing and in situ stress measurements, has been conducted. The investigation results indicate that the geological,hydrogeological, engineering geological and geochemical conditions of the Xinchang site are very suitable for URL construction. Meanwhile, to validate and develop construction technologies for the Beishan URL, the Beishan exploration tunnel（BET）, which is a 50-m-deep facility in the Jiujing sub-area, has been constructed and several in situ tests, such as drill-and-blast tests, characterization of the excavation damaged zone（EDZ）, and long-term deformation monitoring of surrounding rocks, have been performed in the BET. The methodologies and technologies established in the BET will serve for URL construction.According to the achievements of the characterization of the URL site, a preliminary design of the URL with a maximum depth of 560 m is proposed and necessary in situ tests in the URL are planned.

On area-specific underground research laboratory for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China

Underground research laboratories （URLs）, including ＂generic URLs＂ and ＂site-specific URLs＂, are un- derground facilities in which characterisation, testing, technology development, and/or demonstration activities are carried out in support of the development of geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste （HLW） disposal. In addition to the generic URL and site-specific URL, a concept of ＂areaspecific URL＂, or the third type of URL, is proposed in this paper. It is referred to as the facility that is built at a site within an area that is considered as a potential area for HLW repository or built at a place near the future repository site, and may be regarded as a precursor to the development of a repository at the site. It acts as a ＂generic URL＂, but also acts as a ＂site-specific URL＂ to some extent. Considering the current situation in China, the most suitable option is to build an ＂area-specific URL＂ in Beishan area, the first priority region for China＇s high-level waste repository. With this strategy, the goal to build China＇s URL by 2020 mav be achieved, but the time left is limited.

Effective use of scientific cum technologically achievements and financing innovative projects in the agricultural sphere

Justified the urgency of modernization and re-tooling of production in agriculture, which is an important sector in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author describes the prob-lems of extending the research in agriculture, the implementation of its results into production and increasing innovation activity. Also has considered the possibility of extra-budgetary funding of research in agrarian sector, and given a recommendation on the use of bank loans by (dehkan) private households, farmers and other stakeholders in the financing of sci-entific research. The findings based on socio-logical survey, among the different farms on the use of innovative ideas for development of production. Offered mechanism of funding, the implementation of scientific production, as well as providing market participants of the scientific and technical products allows removing the shortage of financial resources. The main direc-tions of investment mobilization has been iden-tified in the research process from extra-budgetary funds. Statistical data reflecting the amount of agricultural land use in Uzbekistan has adduced and its structure in key areas. Here is given the number of farms operating as a major agricultural producer of the leased land area and the state long-term basis. Also, de-scribes the main problems of agricultural pro-ducers, hindering the development of produc-tion of marketable products. In this paper, the main attention is shown the importance of in-novative ideas for further development of the agricultural sector as a basis for providing peo-ple with food today and in the future.

China's Manganese Geological Research and Prospecting have Achieved Great Breakthrough

Data announced by the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources in 2015 suggest that China has discovered more than 480 manganese ore-producing areas, with manganese ore resource reserves up to 1.22 billion tons, including 0.303 billion tons of basic reserves and 0.915 billion tons amount of resource. Among these reserves, manganese carbonate ores account for 56%, manganese oxide ores （including spongy manganese ores） accounts for 25%, and other types of manganese ore occupy 19%. Rich ores with 〉30% manganese content only account for 5% of the total resource amount, and the remaining 95% are poor manganese ores. Since 1983 when China first began to import, the imported manganese ores have increased annually by 25%. In 2001, the annual imported manganese ores reached 1.71 million tons. From 2010, the annual imported manganese ores increased by greater than 45%, reaching up to 12 million tons in 2015. Thus it seemed that the shortage of manganese ore resources will be a longterm phenomenon for China＇s economic development.

Current Situation and Thinking of Introduction,Cultivation and Use of High-level Talents in Agricultural Research Institutes under the New Era:A Case Study of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

Current situation of introduction,cultivation and use of high-level talents in agricultural research institutes are analyzed,and the optimized development strategy of further strengthening the construction,introduction,cultivation and use of high-level talent team is thought.It plays a positive role in provincial agricultural research institutes discovering,cultivating and gathering a number of high-quality talents and high-level innovation teams.

National Engineering Research Center for Refractories Got “Excellent Achievement Prize” from National Development and Reform Commission

In 2012, on the occasion of 20th anniversary, National Engineering Research Center for Refractories, registered in Sinosteel LIRR, got ＂ Excellent Achievement Prize＂ from National Development and Reform Commission for its demonstration function and outstanding achievments.

Achieve Research Excellence through Improvement of Science Assessment System

With the support of the Consultation and Evaluation Committee of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),a task force headed by CAS Member FANG Rongxiang recently conducted a project entitled Science Value Assessment in an Increasingly Globalized World.Based on the study,the researchers presented a report on the improvement of China’s science assessment system.The following paragraphs present the major ideas of this report.

Top 10 research achievements of traditional Chinese medicine in 2023

In order to fulfill the requirements of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Opinions on Promoting the Inheritance,Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine,regularly summarize the research achievements of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),present the academic progress of TCMdynamically,and give full play to the leadership of academic groups in research,the China Association of ChineseMedicine organized the selection of the top 10 academic achievements of TCMin 2023.The selection work adhered to the“4 orientations”;eliminated the“4 only”;highlighted the solution of clinical problems and scientific questions,the development of the industry,and the exploratory,forward-looking,innovative,and breakthrough research;and focused on new laws,new discoveries,new methods,new products,and new theories in the basic research and applied basic research of TCM.After dynamic collection,preliminary examination,review,and final judgment,the top 10 academic achievements of TCMin 2023 were determined.First,breakthroughs have been achieved in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction by Tongxinluo.Second,evidence has been gained regarding the efficacy of acupuncture in treating chronic spontaneous urticaria and vomiting in pregnancy.Third,evidence has been gained regarding the improvement of neurological function outcomes by Xuesaitong soft capsules in treating patients with ischemic stroke.Fourth,the mechanisms of Huashi Baidu Powder and Pien Tze Huang in clinical treatment have been revealed.Fifth,the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of astragaloside and capsaicin have been revealed for the first time.Sixth,new technologies represented by spatial metabolomics assist in elucidating the material basis of the complex systems ofTCM.Seventh,network medicine framework reveals the genericmechanism underlying the effectiveness of TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation.Eighth,a comprehensive platform for multidimensional nucleic acid data of TCM promotes data sharing inmolecular pharmacognosy.Ninth,multiprocess transfer and information fusion provide solutions for digitalmanufacturing of big honeyed pills.Tenth,the scientific system of TCM regulatory science has been preliminarily built and applied.

E-Research环境下高校图书馆科研成果开放获取政策体系构建

介绍了开放获取政策的产生背景与发展,分析了E-Research环境下高校图书馆建设科研成果开放获取政策体系的意义。探究了E-Research环境下高校图书馆科研成果开放获取政策体系的构建路径,提出高校图书馆科研成果开放获取政策的推广措施。

Main outcomes from in situ thermo-hydro-mechanical experiments programme to demonstrate feasibility of radioactive high-level waste disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone

In the context of radioactive waste disposal,an underground research laboratory(URL)is a facility in which experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing and operating a radioactive waste disposal facility within a geological formation.The Meuse/Haute-Marne URL is a sitespecific facility planned to study the feasibility of a radioactive waste disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone.The thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)behaviour of the host rock is significant for the design of the underground nuclear waste disposal facility and for its long-term safety.The French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency(Andra)has begun a research programme aiming to demonstrate the relevancy of the French high-level waste(HLW)concept.This paper presents the programme implemented from small-scale(small diameter)boreholes to full-scale demonstration experiments to study the THM effects of the thermal transient on the COx claystone and the strategy implemented in this new programme to demonstrate and optimise current disposal facility components for HLW.It shows that the French high-level waste concept is feasible and working in the COx claystone.It also exhibits that,as for other plastic clay or claystone,heating-induced pore pressure increases and that the THM behaviour is anisotropic.