Removal of Organic Matter and Ammonia Nitrogen in Azodicarbonamide Wastewater by a Combination of Power Ultrasound Radiation and Hydrogen Peroxide

A simple and efficient sonochemical method was developed for the degradation of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in azodicarbonamide wastewater.The effects of initial pH,ultrasound format and peripheral water level on the sonolysis of hydrazine,urea,COD and ammonia nitrogen were investigated.It is found that the initial pH has a significant influence on the degradation of hydrazine and ammonia nitrogen,whereas this impact to urea is relatively small.It also shows that a noticeable enhancement of ammonia nitrogen removal could be achieved in a proper intermittent ultrasound operation mode,i.e.,1/1 min on/off mode.The height difference between the periph-eral water level and the inner water level of the flask affects the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment as well.

Study on Influencing Factors and Kinetics of Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from High Salinity Wastewater by Sodium Hypochlorite Oxidation

The influencing factors and kinetics of oxidative degradation of ammonia nitrogen in high salinity wastewater by sodium hypochlorite oxidation( Na Cl O) were studied. The results showed that the degradation process of ammonia nitrogen by sodium hypochlorite accorded with a pseudo first-order kinetics model,and the influencing factors included Na Cl O dosage,initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen,salinity,temperature,and so on. When Na Cl O dosage was 0. 6%( MCl∶ MN= 13. 76),the reaction rate constant was up to 0. 015 75 min^(-1). The higher the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen was,the worse the effect of oxidation reaction was. When the initial concentration did not exceed 45 mg/L,the effect on oxidation reaction rate constant increased with the increase of the initial concentration. Low salinity had no effect on ammonia nitrogen oxidation.When salinity was higher than 2. 0%,the inhibition effect on ammonia nitrogen oxidation would increase,and the reaction rate constant decreased obviously with the increase of salinity. The improvement of reaction temperature was beneficial to ammonia oxidation degradation. As temperature increased from 10 to 35 ℃,the reaction rate constant rose from 0. 00188 to 0. 01043 min^(-1).

Isolation and Identification of Ammonia Nitrogen Degradation Strains from Industrial Wastewater

Nine strains of ammonia nitrogen degradation strains from C1 to C9 were isolated from industrial wastewater to study their degradation and conversion of ammonia nitrogen. The results showed that C2 strain with a high degradation activiity of ammonia nitrogen, and the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate of the activated C2 strain was 93% within 24 h when the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 200 mg/L under the conditions of inoculation 10%, temperature 35?C, pH 7.0, rotation 200 r/min. And C2 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

Study on the Treatment of High Strength Ammonia Wastewater by Using Inner Circulation Impinging Stream Biofilm Reactor

[Objective] The treatment effect of inner circulation impinging stream biofilm reactor(ICISBR) on high strength ammonia wastewater was studied.[Method] By means of ICISBR,high strength ammonia wastewater was treated by using corncob as biological carrier,and the effect of C/N and dissolved oxygen(DO) on the removal effect of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and ammonia nitrogen(NH+4-N) were discussed in our paper.[Result] When NH+4-N and DO in effluent water were 200 and 2 mg/L,respectively,the removal effect of COD was not affected obviously whether C/N was 1.0 or 1.5,reaching above 92%;when C/N was 1.5,the average removal rate of COD and NH+4-N were the highest,namely 92.7% and 41.2%,respectively;when C/N was 2.0,the average removal rate of COD and NH+4-N decreased obviously to 20% and 10%;when C/N and NH+4-N were 1.5 and 200 mg/L,DO had little effects on the removal of COD and great effects on the removal of NH+4-N,namely the removal rate of NH+4-N decreased to 17.1% from 46.4% with the reduction of DO concentration from 4 to 1 mg/L.[Conclusion] Our study could provide theoretical basis for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater.

Effects of Coagulation and Ozonation Pretreatments on Biochemical Treatment of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Wastewater

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) salty wastewaters, containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), are very difficult to treat by biochemical process. Anoxic/oxic (A/O) biochemical system, based on nitrification and denitrification reactions, was used to assess their possible biodegradation. Because of the negative effects of high salt concentration (3%), heavy metals and toxic organic matter on microorganisms’ activities, some techniques consisting of dilution, coagulation and flocculation, and ozonation pretreatments, were gradually tested to evaluate chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (ammonia-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal rates. In this process of FCC wastewater, starting with university-domesticated sludge, the ammonia-N and TN removal rates were worst. However, when using domesticated SBR’s sludge and operating with five-fold daily diluted influent (thus reducing salt concentration), the ammonia-N removal reached about 57% while the TN removal rate was less than 37% meaning an amelioration of the nitrification process. However, by reducing the dilution factors, these results were inflected after some days of operation, with ammonia-N removal decreasing and TN barely removed meaning a poor nitrification. Even by reducing heavy metals concentration with coagulation/flocculation process, the results never changed. Thereafter, by using ozonation pre-treatment to degrade the detected organic matter of di-tert-butylphenol and certain isoparaffins, COD, ammonia-N and TN removal rates reached 92%, 62% and 61%, respectively. These results showed that the activities of the microorganisms were increased, thus indicating a net denitrification and nitrification reactions improvement.

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system

In this article, coke plant wastewater was treated by a simultaneous nitrifying and denitrifying （SND） fixed biofilm hybrid system. The results showed that suitable parameters of the system were important for the performance of the bio-degradation system. The chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency in this system was satisfactory, higher than 94%, and ammonia nitrogen was higher than 95%. The effluent COD concentration could meet the discharge standard, except for very few situations. The results showed that a sufficient carbon source was important for making ammonia nitrogen concentration meet the discharge standard. Then the TiN removal efficiency in this system can be brought higher than 94%. Dissolved oxygen （DO） is very important to the performance of the SND bio-degradation system, and the suitable DO is about 3.5-4.0 mg/L at the forepart of reactor. In addition, the performance of the system was almost not affected by pH value. The results show that the system is feasible to treat coke plant wastewater.

Reclaimation of petroleum-based wastewater by noval ozone immobilized biological activated carbon process

Wastewater reclamation in the petroleum industries in Northern China is important because of the shortage of water resource. Conventional treatment technology used：in treating petroleum-based wastewater, namely the 3-phase biological process, typically removes COD, BODI grease, volatile hydrobenzenes, cyanides, sulfides and suspended solids. However, the process is often ineffective in ammonia-nitrogen removal, and thus the treated effluent quantity can＇ t meet the required standards for reuse. This paper investigated a novel ozone immobilized biological activated carbon（O3-IBAC） process for ammonia nitrogen removal from petroleum-based wastewater. Operated at a HRT （ Hydraulic Retention Time） of 15 minutes in IBACI and 27 minutes in IBAC2, the O3-IBAC process achieved ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of 91%. In addition, the removal efficiencies 6f COD, volatile hydrobenzenes, suspended solids, turbidity and petroleum-based micropollutants were all above 90%. Competition between the autotrophs and heterotrophs was observed, which was indicated by an increase of ammonia nitrogen removal with a decrease of COD removal, and vise versa. Nitrite accumulation in IBACI followed by erobic shortcut denitrification in IBAC2 led to 28% of the Total Nitrogen removal efficiency. Pollutant reduction in＇ the IBAC process was achieved by a rapid physical adsorption and biodegradation on the activated carbon, which effectively retained the pollutants in the system despite the short hydraulic retention time.

Experimental Research on Coke Wastewater Treatment by Hybrid Biological Reactor

Phase hybrid biological reactor （HBR） was used in treating coke wastewater by adding submerging fiber-ball fillers in suspended growth activated sludge. The optimum operation parameters for the highest performance were determined. It was found that the hybrid biological reactor worked well for the coke wastewater treatment in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD）, NH4＋ -N and other refractory organic compounds removal efficiencies. Compared with conventional activated sludge system, the removal rate of COD and NH4＋ -N and the nitrating rate were higher and more stable in the hybrid biological reactor. COD of effluent was less than 75 mg/L and the removal rate of COD and NH4＋ -N could be up to 95.0% and 92.5% when COD of influent and NH4＋ -N were less than 700 mg/L and 300 rag/L, respectively. In this way, the quality of effluent concentration could reach the first class of integrated wastewater discharge standard （GB8978-1996） （COD ≤100 mg/L）.

Change in genotoxicity of wastewater during chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections and the influence of ammonia nitrogen

The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater samples were studied by umu-test.The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L,the genotoxicity of wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable,while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L,the genotoxicity of wastewater changed diver sely for different samples.It was then found that ammonia nitro-gen did not affect the change of genotoxicity during chlorine dioxide disinfection of wastewater,while it greatly affected the change of genotoxicity during chlorine disin fection of wastewater.When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was low(<10-20 mg/L),the genotoxicity of wastewater decreased after chlorine disinfection,and when the con-centration of ammonia nitrogen was high(>10-20 mg/L),the genotoxicity of wastewater increased after chlorine disinfection.

Leaching kinetics of ionic rare-earth in ammonia-nitrogen wastewater system added with impurity inhibitors

Ammonia-nitrogen wastewater is produced during the dressing and smelting process of rare-earth ores.Such wastewater includes a very high concentration of NH4＋, as well as other ions（e.g., NH4＋, RE3＋, Al3＋, Fe3＋, Ca2＋, Cl–, and Si O32–） with a p H of 5.4–5.6.Its direct discharge will pollute, yet it can be recycled and used as a leaching reagent for ionic rare-earth ores.In this study, leaching kinetics studies of both rare earth ions and impurity ion Al3＋ were conducted in the ammonia-nitrogen wastewater system with the aid of impurity inhibitors.Results showed that the leaching process of rare-earth followed the internal diffusion kinetic model.When the temperature was 298 K and the concentration of NH4＋ was 0.3 mol/L, the leaching reaction rate constant of ionic rare-earth was 1.72 and the apparent activation energy was 9.619 k J/mol.The leaching rate was higher than that of conventional leaching system with ammonium sulfate, which indicated that ammonia-nitrogen wastewater system and the addition of impurity inhibitors could promote ionic rare-earth leaching.The leaching kinetic process of impurity Al3＋ did not follow either internal diffusion kinetic model or chemical reaction control, but the hybrid control model which was affected by a number of process factors.Thus, during the industrial production the leaching of impurity ions could be reduced by increasing the concentration of impurity inhibitors, reducing the leaching temperature to a proper range, accelerating the seepage velocity of leaching solution, or increasing the leaching rate of rare earths.

正渗透膜回收废水中氨氮的研究进展

综述了正渗透(FO)膜技术对废水中的氨氮回收的研究进展。重点介绍了其发展历史、工艺原理、应用现状,将应用现状分为膜制造和改性、膜与其它工艺的耦合工艺、提取液、膜污染、数学建模这五方面进行了综述。在此基础上,对正渗透膜技术的研究前景进行了展望。

鸟粪石沉淀法处理高浓度氮磷废水研究进展

随着节能低碳理念的深入发展,鸟粪石沉淀法因其较高的氮磷回收效率和相对低能耗的优势,近年来成为高浓度氮磷废水处理和资源化利用的热点方向之一。系统地对国内外鸟粪石沉淀法处理污水的相关文献进行了梳理,从新兴处理对象及方案、回收反应器构型开发、低成本镁源开发、高效结晶、晶体分离提纯等方面,总结了相关研究成果。此外,结合环境毒理性、处理成本、综合资源化利用等角度对鸟粪石沉淀法的发展前景和趋势进行预判,为相关研究提供参考。

低氨氮质量浓度废水DPR-SNAD脱氮除磷效能研究

针对低氨氮废水单级自养脱氮系统副产物硝氮残留,有机物耐受能力差,以及缺乏除磷功能等问题,提出反硝化除磷(Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal,DPR)-单级自养脱氮(Simultaneous Partial Nitrification,Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation and Denitrification,SNAD)组合处理技术,重点考察氨氮负荷对单级自养脱氮工艺(Single-stage Nitrogen Removal Using Anammox And Partial Nitritation,SNAP)系统、泥龄对DPR系统构建的影响,以及低氨氮废水DPR-SNAD组合处理系统的脱氮除磷效能与微生物种群。研究结果显示:采用氨氮质量浓度梯度递减方式,氨氮负荷为0.20 kg N/(m^(3)·d)的低氨氮质量浓度的SNAP系统构建时间为63 d,较负荷为0.05 kg N/(m^(3)·d)的系统缩短了37 d。泥龄对构建的DPR系统效能影响显著,泥龄为35 d的系统除磷脱氮效能较高,PO_(4)^(3-)-P、NO_(3)^(-)-N、COD去除率分别为86.25%、98.00%、92.00%,系统释磷、吸磷、反硝化脱氮速率分别达4.60 mg/(L·h)、4.13 mg/(L·h)、5.53 mg/(L·h)。DPR-SNAD组合处理系统的氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)、化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)去除率分别为100%、98.64%、86.00%、93.30%。TN、TP去除率较对照组SNAP分别提高了19.20百分点和86.00百分点。16S rRNA高通量测序结果显示,组合系统脱氮除磷功能菌属主要有Rhodobacter、Candidatus_Brocadia、Nitrosomonas、Gemmobacter,SNAD系统中厌氧氨氧化菌(Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation,AnAOB)相对丰度显著高于对照组SNAP系统,DPR促进SNAD提高了系统脱氮效能。

生物增效技术促进炼油废水降氮效果分析

介绍了针对外排氨氮标准不断提升,炼油含盐废水处理装置出水氨氮控制难度增加,在一段时期常出现波动情况,投加硝化菌进行生物增效处理达标的生产试验。对试验过程和试验前后含盐污水处理装置进、出水数据进行分析,对照出水pH值与硝化系统的关系,找到了出水氨氮异常升高主要是污水处理系统碱度降低引起的根本原因。证明了投加硝化菌进行生物增效的方法可作为恢复污水生化系统快速建立硝化系统,恢复氨氮去除能力的有效应急手段。

废水处理硝酸盐异化还原与厌氧氨氧化/反硝化耦合工艺构建

采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器(EGSB)处理含COD、氨氮和硝氮的模拟废水,旨在高浓度有机废水处理系统中快速构建厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)运行工艺。通过接种少量Anammox污泥和逐步提高氨氮浓度的操作方式,在连续运行58d后,系统成功启动Anammox反应,此时的总氮和COD去除率稳定在97%和98%以上。物料衡算显示,Anammox反应途径对氮的去除贡献逐渐增加,硝酸盐异化还原(DNRA)耦合Anammox和反硝化共同促进了系统的同步脱氮除碳。对微生物群落分析发现,Candidatus Kuenenia相对丰度由0.27%快速升高至35.87%,DNRA菌(Ignavibacterium、Thermogutta)及反硝化菌(Azospira、Gp3)在体系内共存。通过基因注释法,检测出了Anammox、DNRA、硝酸盐还原及亚硝酸盐还原关键基因。运行过程中,颗粒污泥颜色变红且粒径增大;胞外聚合物(EPS)分析表明多糖(PS)和蛋白质(PN)含量增加而PN/PS下降;三维荧光光谱发现腐殖酸类物质增多。研究结果为高浓度有机含氮废水高效处理提供了一种新的工艺途径。

铀尾矿库渗排水中氨氮电氧化去除影响因素研究

氨氮废水是全球水处理难点之一。在铀矿开采、选冶过程中会产生放射性固体废物并存储在铀尾矿库中,由于雨水的作用尾矿库产生大量废水,将有害物质浸出到水中形成渗排水,铀尾矿渗排水具有高盐、高氨氮、可生化性差、含较高氯离子的特点,现有方法无法有效处理此类废水。电氧化法可清洁高效地去除废水中的氨氮,氨氮去除率主要受Cl−浓度、极板材料、电流密度、pH等的影响。本文通过单因素实验对这些因素进行研究,通过正交分析,探索各因素对氨氮去除率的影响程度,根据影响程度由高到低排序为Cl−浓度>极板材料>电流密度;pH为次要影响因素,为电化学反应提供碱性环境。通过比较各条件对氨氮去除率提高的明显程度,推荐使用Ti/RuO_(2)-IrO_(2)-SnO_(2)电极组,其最优条件为Cl−浓度1000 mg/L、电流密度20 mA/cm^(2)、电解时间3 h、pH=9~11,在此条件下氨氮的去除率达100%,氨氮出水满足《铀矿冶辐射防护和辐射环境保护规定》(GB 23727—2020)和《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的要求。

高效氨氧化细菌筛选优化及其应用研究

为了实现水产养殖水质或尾水中氨氮的高效快速降解,开展了氨氧化细菌的筛选优化及其在养殖尾水处理中的应用研究。从池塘活性淤泥中,主要通过应用格里斯试剂显色反应筛选得到一株具有异养硝化作用的氨氧化细菌NH-1,开展了16S rDNA分子生物学菌种鉴定;药敏和溶血性的安全性试验;氨氮降解条件优化及工厂化养殖尾水应用研究。结果表明,菌株NH-1属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.);仅对亚胺培南表现出耐药性其他抗生素敏感,且为γ型溶血菌株不产生溶血素;以葡萄糖为碳源、水温24.9°C、pH 8.1、C/N 9.1和接种量0.7%的实验室条件下,水力停留时间24 h对养殖尾水的氨氮降解率为96.3%;工厂化鳗鲡养殖尾水处理应用实验中,水力停留时间24 h对氨氮降解率为95.9%。表明菌株NH-1能安全高效降解水产养殖尾水中的氨氮,具备良好的应用前景。

电化学介导的氨氮回收:原理、现状与展望

当前的氮循环模式存在人工固氮/脱氮过程重复耗能、可持续性不佳的问题。针对氨氮的污染-资源双重属性特征,污水中氨氮的资源化处理技术亟须研发。在各种氨氮回收技术中,电化学技术具有反应快速、装备简单、操作便捷等优势,已经成为热门研究方向。综述电化学介导氨氮回收技术的研究与发展现状:围绕电化学系统中不同形态氨氮的迁移转化机制,主要介绍3种回收技术的主要原理,包括电驱迁移与界面吸附、阴极还原促进汽化和阳极氧化促进沉淀;进一步聚焦电极与膜材料对氨氮回收性能的强化作用,分析电容去离子与膜技术(基于阳离子交换膜、疏水透气膜、双级膜的工艺)的能效水平,指出多过程耦合的氨氮汽提技术在降低能耗与提升效率方面的良好前景;展望双碳背景下技术革新的内在需求,建议未来从系统高性能元件开发、能量削减与功能拓展/智慧化运行等方向推进电化学介导氨氮回收技术的高质量可持续发展。

沸石原位生物再生强化短程硝化处理高氨氮废水

为解决高浓度游离氨(FA)抑制氨氧化菌而造成高浓度氨氮废水无法进行生物处理的问题,采用添加天然沸石缓解FA的抑制影响。向SBR中添加天然斜发沸石并以短程硝化处理氨氮为2 210 mg/L的铜氨废水,在运行第86天时反应器在1.105 kg/(m^(3)·d)的氨氮负荷下达到98.5%的氨氮去除率。反应过程中原位生物再生保证了天然沸石的持续强化效果,沸石再生率为99.0%~106.3%。通过对污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)含量及成分分析发现进水氨氮的增加导致EPS含量升高,且在铜离子的胁迫下EPS中的蛋白质质量分数升高,促进了污泥颗粒化的形成。高通量测序结果显示亚硝化单胞菌属为主要氨氧化功能菌属,其相对丰度变化范围为10.3%~51.7%。丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)在高浓度氨氮环境下快速增长,其相对丰度从第22天的0.6%增长至第86天的29.9%。短程硝化在天然沸石的强化下实现了对铜氨废水的稳定高效处理。

吹脱法处理高浓度氨氮废水研究进展

高浓度氨氮废水排放量大、毒性强,对环境的污染问题突出。吹脱法具有氨氮去除效率高、操作简便、可实现氨氮资源化回收的优势,合理运用该工艺对处理高浓度氨氮废水具有重要意义。在介绍氨吹脱原理的基础上,分析了pH、温度、气液比3个关键因素对氨吹脱效率的影响规律;从提高氨氮去除效率及降低运行成本的角度回顾了近年来发展的新型氨吹脱工艺;重点分析了将氨吹脱与物理化学或生物处理联用的结合工艺,在去除氨氮的同时实现其余污染物的削减或工艺的强化。最后针对氨吹脱研究目前存在的问题提出展望,认为该工艺未来应面向更加高效化、数字化、集成化及经济化的趋势发展,为今后开展相关研究及应用提供了思路。