Hot cracking susceptibility research in BTW1 austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel

Baosteel’s first BTW1 austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel exhibits strong deformation-induced hardening characteristics.Compared with common low-alloy martensitic wear-resistant steels in the market, it has improved impact wear resistance, hard abrasive wear, erosion wear performance, and impact toughness.The metallurgical properties of such austenitic wear-resistant steel lead to the risk of failure because of hot cracking defects in the welded structure.In wear-resistant applications, evaluating hot cracking susceptibility is necessary to avoid the effect of welding defects.In this study, the Varestraint test is used to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the hot cracking susceptibility of BTW1 austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel.The test results show that by controlling the content of impurity elements and grain refinement, BTW1 austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel effectively reduces hot cracking tendency and has a low incidence of hot cracking under small strain conditions.The developed matching welding process can effectively avoid the influence of hot cracking susceptibility.

Effect of short-time low-temperature austenitizing on microstructure and mechanical properties of DT300 ultra-high strength steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

To address the inhomogeneous microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of DT300 ultra-high strength steel specimens fabricated by laser powder bed fusion,different post-heat treatment schedules are performed.With the increase in austenitizing temperature and time,the migration rate of austenite grain boundaries continuously increases with the dissolution of nano-carbides,and the formation of nano-oxides and twin martensite is also inhibited accordingly.The rapid growth in the size of prior austenite grains and martensite laths,as well as the decrease in the content of nano-oxides and twin martensite,led to a rapid decrease in the strength(yield strength and ultimate tensile strength)from HT2 to HTF specimens.The HT1 specimens(austenitizing at 830℃for 30 min,then oil quenching and tempering at 300℃for 120 min and finally air cooling)display excellent mechanical properties of yield strength of 1572 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of 1847 MPa,elongation of 9.84%,and fracture toughness of 106 MPa m^(1/2),which are counterparts to those of conventional DT300 steel forgings after heat treatment.

Tensile deformation behavior of nickel-free high-manganese austenitic cryogenic-temperature steel

Nickel-free high-manganese austenitic Fe–24.4Mn–4.04Al–0.057C steel was produced by smelting,and the homogenized forged billet was hot-rolled.The plastic deformation mechanism was investigated through tensile testing of the hot-rolled sample.Different characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron backscattered diffraction,and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructural evolution of steel under different strain levels.The steel had a single austenite phase,which was stable during deformation.After hot rolling,annealing twins were observed in the microstructure of the steel.The steel showed an excellent combination of mechanical properties,like a tensile strength of 527 MPa,impact energy of 203 J at−196℃,and an elongation of 67%till fracture.At the initial deformation stage,the dislocations were generated within the austenite grains,entangled and accumulated at the grain boundaries and annealing twin boundaries.Annealing twins participated in plastic deformation and hindered the dislocation movement.As the deformation progressed,the dislocation slip was hindered and produced stress concentration,and the stacking faults evolved into mechanical twins,which released the stress concentration and delayed the necking.

Effect of low-temperature ausforming on bainitic transformation and mechanical properties in ultrahigh-strength bainitic steel

Low-temperature ausforming(LT-AF)prior to bainitic transformation leads to a noticeable acceleration of bainitic transformation kinetics;however,the effect of LT-AF on the retained austenite(RA)features and the resulting mechanical properties is still unclear.LT-AF was applied to ultrahigh-strength bainitic steel before austempering.The deformation behavior and the resulting dislocation substructures were investigated by thermomechanical simulator and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The planar dislocation structures produced during deformation at 350℃ accelerate the bainitic transformation kinetics during isothermal holding.The effect of LT-AF on the bainitic transformation kinetics and the features of RA was elucidated via dilatometer measurement,TEM,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.It is observed that LT-AF not only retains more RA content but also facilitates improved RA stability.This trend is mainly due to the large amounts of planar dislocations in RA and bainitic laths inherited from undercooled austenite caused by LT-AF,the decrease in bainitic sheaves size,and the increase in filmy RA content compared to the sample without ausforming.A large fraction of filmy RA with high stability and the refinement of bainitic sheaves obtained by LT-AF remarkably enhance the strain hardening capacity and achieve significantly better ductility compared to the directly austempered sample.

Crevice Corrosion of Several Supper Stainless Steels in the Simulated LT-MED Environment

Susceptibility and morphological characteristics of crevice corrosion for SS316, SS904L, SS254sMo and SS2507 in thesimulated low-temperature multi-effect distillation environment were investigated by cyclic polarization test, scanningelectron microscope and laser microscope. The results show that the crevice corrosion resistance of four kinds of stainlesssteel is ranked as SS254sMo ≈ SS2507 〉 SS316 〉 SS904L. There are ＂cover＂ structures over the edge of active crevicecorrosion regions of SS904L, SS254sMo and SS2507, but SS316 is an exception. Galvanic corrosion characteristicsappeared in the crevice of duplex supper stainless steel SS2507.