Effect of High-Order Aberrations and Satisfaction on Cataract Patients Implanted with Four Types of AcrySof Blue Light Filtering Intraocular Lens

Objective: The objective is to evaluate the visual acuity, high-order aberrations and satisfaction in the cataract patients with the implantation of different types of AcrySof blue light filtering intraocular lens, which would provide the clinical guidance for the selection of individualized intraocular lens. Methods: From January 2019 to December 2020, the patients with age-related cataract in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital were equally randomized to be divided into four groups. 20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with AcrySof (SN60WF), which was the blue light filtering single focus group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with blue light filtering aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (AcrySof ReSTOR IOL +3.0D, SN6AD1), which was the multifocal intraocular lens group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with aspheric astigmatism correction intraocular lens (Toric SN6AT), which was the astigmatism group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with blue filtering aspheric multifocal astigmatism correction intraocular lens (AcrySof ReSTOR IOL +2.5D IQ, SV25T0), which was the ART group. Three months after the operation, the patients were followed up with slit lamp to check the visual acuity, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), best corrected distance visual acuity, (BCDVA);the questionnaire surveys on the satisfaction of different intraocular lens implantation (far and near vision, glare, halo and abnormal visual symptoms);the iTrace visual function analyzer was used to check the total high-order aberrations (spherical aberration, wisdom aberration and Clover aberration) in the 3 mm pupil diameter. Results: Three months after cataract surgery, American Simplified version of questionnaire survey showed that the scores of near removing glasses in the multifocal group and the ART group were significantly better than those in the single focus group and the astigmatism group (P < 0.05);there was no significant difference in the satisfaction of far removing glasses, glare and halo in each group (P > 0.05). Three months after cataract surgery, there were statistically significant differences about UCDVA, BCDVA and UCNVA among the four groups (F = 18.189, P < 0.001), the UCNVA in the multifocal group and ART group was significantly better than that in the single focus group and the astigmatism group (P < 0.01). The difference of higher-order aberrations (total higher-order aberrations, wisdom aberrations, spherical aberrations, clover aberrations) was no statistically significant among the four groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Different types of AcrySof blue light filtering intraocular lens implantation could improve the far vision and satisfaction of cataract patients, without different higher-order aberrations. Multifocal intraocular lens and ART intraocular lens could significantly improve the far vision of patients and reduce the dependence on near glasses.

Riemann-Hilbert Problem and Multiple High-order Poles Solutions of the Focusing mKdV Equation with Nonzero Boundary Conditions

The focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries(mKdV)equation with multiple high-order poles under the nonzero boundary conditions is first investigated via developing a Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.We begin with the asymptotic property,symmetry and analyticity of the Jost solutions,and successfully construct the RH problem of the focusing mKdV equation.We solve the RH problem when 1/S_(11)(k)has a single highorder pole and multiple high-order poles.Furthermore,we derive the soliton solutions of the focusing mKdV equation which corresponding with a single high-order pole and multiple high-order poles,respectively.Finally,the dynamics of one-and two-soliton solutions are graphically discussed.

A method to design aspheric spectacles for correction of high-order aberrations of human eye

Aiming at the correction of high-order aberrations of human eye with spectacles, a design method of aspheric spectacles is proposed based on the eye's wavefront aberrations data. Regarding the eyeball and the spectacles as a whole system-the lens-eye system-the surface profiles of the spectacles are achieved by optimization procedure of lens design. Different from the conventional optometry, in which the refraction prescription is acquired with a visual chart, the design takes into account the two aspects of actual human viewing, eyeball rolling and certain distinct viewing field. The rotation angle of eyeball is set to be ±20° as wearing spectacles, and the field of view is set to be ±7° which is especially important as watching screen display. The individual eye model is constructed as the main part of the lens-eye system. The Liou eye model is modified by sticking a thin meniscus lens to the crystalline lens. Then the defocus of the individual eye is transferred to the front surface of the meniscus lens, and the astigmatism and high-order aberrations are transferred to the front surface of the cornea. 50 eyes are involved in this research, among which 36 eyes have good enough visual performance already after sphero-cylindrical correction. 10 eyes have distinct improvement in vision and 4 eyes have no visual improvement by further aspheric correction. 6 typical subject eyes are selected for the aberrations analysis and the spectacles design in this paper. It is shown that the validity of visual correction of aspheric lens depends on the characteristics of the eye's wavefront aberrations, and it is effective for the eye with larger astigmatism or spherical aberration. Compared with sphero-cylindrical correction only, the superiority taken by the aspheric correction is mainly on the improvement of MTF at a larger field of view. For the best aspheric correction, the MTF values increase by 18.87%, 38.34%, 44.36%, 51.29% and 57.32% at the spatial frequencies of 40, 80, 100, 125 and 150 cycles/mm, respectively.

Observer-based robust high-order fully actuated attitude autopilot design for spinning glide-guided projectiles

This paper investigates the design of an attitude autopilot for a dual-channel controlled spinning glideguided projectile(SGGP),addressing model uncertainties and external disturbances.Based on fixed-time stable theory,a disturbance observer with integral sliding mode and adaptive techniques is proposed to mitigate total disturbance effects,irrespective of initial conditions.By introducing an error integral signal,the dynamics of the SGGP are transformed into two separate second-order fully actuated systems.Subsequently,employing the high-order fully actuated approach and a parametric approach,the nonlinear dynamics of the SGGP are recast into a constant linear closed-loop system,ensuring that the projectile's attitude asymptotically tracks the given goal with the desired eigenstructure.Under the proposed composite control framework,the ultimately uniformly bounded stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously demonstrated via the Lyapunov method.Validation of the effectiveness of the proposed attitude autopilot design is provided through extensive numerical simulations.

Tunable spectral continuous shift of high-order harmonic generation in atoms by a plasmon-assisted shaping pulse

We delve into the phenomenon of high-order harmonic generation within a helium atom under the influence of a plasmon-assisted shaping pulse.Our findings reveal an intriguing manipulation of the frequency peak position in the harmonic emission by adjusting the absolute phase parameter within the frequency domain of the shaping pulse.This phenomenon holds potential significance for experimental setups necessitating precisely tuned single harmonics.Notably,we observe a modulated shift in the created harmonic photon energy,spanning an impressive range of 1.2 eV.This frequency peak shift is rooted in the asymmetry exhibited by the rising and falling edges of the laser pulse,directly influencing the position of the peak frequency emission.Our study quantifies the dependence of this tuning range and the asymmetry of the laser pulse,offering valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving this phenomenon.Furthermore,our investigation uncovers the emergence of semi-integer order harmonics as the phase parameter is altered.We attribute this discovery to the intricate interference between harmonics generated by the primary and secondary return cores.This observation introduces an innovative approach for generating semi-integer order harmonics,thus expanding our understanding of high-order harmonic generation.Ultimately,our work contributes to the broader comprehension of complex phenomena in laser-matter interactions and provides a foundation for harnessing these effects in various applications,particularly those involving precise spectral control and the generation of unique harmonic patterns.

Electron correlation in two-electron atoms:A Bohmian analysis of high-order harmonic generation in high-frequency domain

In studying interactions between intense laser fields and atoms or molecules,the role of electron correlation effects on the dynamical response is an important and pressing issue to address.Utilizing Bohmian mechanics(BM),we have theoretically explored the two-electron correlation characteristics while generating high-order harmonics in xenon atoms subjected to intense laser fields.We initially employed Bohmian trajectories to reproduce the dynamics of the electrons and subsequently utilized time-frequency analysis spectra to ascertain the emission time windows for high-order harmonics.Within these time windows,we classified the nuclear region Bohmian trajectories and observed that intense high-order harmonics are solely generated when paired Bohmian particles(BPs)concurrently appear in the nuclear region and reside there for a duration within a re-collision time window.Furthermore,our analysis of characteristic trajectories producing high-order harmonics led us to propose a two-electron re-collision model to elucidate this phenomenon.The study demonstrates that intense high-order harmonics are only generated when both electrons are in the ground state within the re-collision time window.This work discusses the implications of correlation effects between two electrons and offers valuable insights for studying correlation in multi-electron high-order harmonic generation.

Cascaded metasurfaces enabling adaptive aberration corrections for focus scanning

Scanning focused light with corrected aberrations holds great importance in high-precision optical systems.However,conventional optical systems,relying on additional dynamical correctors to eliminate scanning aberrations,inevitably result in undesired bulkiness and complexity.In this paper,we propose achieving adaptive aberration corrections coordinated with focus scanning by rotating only two cascaded transmissive metasurfaces.Each metasurface is carefully designed by searching for optimal phase-profile parameters of three coherently worked phase functions,allowing flexible control of both the longitudinal and lateral focal position to scan on any custom-designed curved surfaces.As proof-ofconcept,we engineer and fabricate two all-silicon terahertz meta-devices capable of scanning the focal spot with adaptively corrected aberrations.Experimental results demonstrate that the first one dynamically scans the focal spot on a planar surface,achieving an average scanning aberration of 1.18%within the scanning range of±30°.Meanwhile,the second meta-device scans two focal points on a planar surface and a conical surface with 2.5%and 4.6%scanning aberrations,respectively.Our work pioneers a breakthrough pathway enabling the development of high-precision yet compact optical devices across various practical domains.

Characteristics of corneal aberration in patients with bilateral keratoconus and unilateral corneal Vogt’s striae

AIM:To assess the corneal high-order aberration(HOA)and its correlation with corneal morphological parameters in patients with bilateral keratoconus(KCN)and unilateral Vogt’s striae.METHODS:A total of 168 eyes of 84 patients with KCN,whose corneas had definite signs of unilateral Vogt’s striae,were enrolled.Corneal HOA and morphological parameters were measured using Pentacam HR.RESULTS:The corneal morphological parameters between KCN eyes with and without Vogt’s striae were evidently different(P<0.001).The 3rd coma 90°,4th spherical aberration,5th coma 90°,root-mean-square(RMS)(total),and RMS(HOA)in the front,back surfaces and total cornea in KCN eyes with Vogt’s striae were significantly higher than those in KCN eyes without Vogt’s striae(P<0.001).In KCN eyes with Vogt’s striae,the 3rd coma 90°and 4th spherical aberration in the front surface and total cornea were negatively correlated with flat keratometry value(K1),steep keratometry value(K2),mean keratometry value(Km),maximum keratometry value(Kmax),anterior corneal elevation(ACE),and posterior corneal elevation(PCE;P<0.05).The 3rd coma 90°,4th spherical aberration in back surface and RMS(total),RMS(HOA)in the front,back surfaces,total cornea were positively correlated with K1,K2,Km,Kmax,ACE,and PCE(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Corneal HOA especially vertical coma and spherical aberration may increase when Vogt’s striae appeared in KCN eyes.The scale of increase is significantly related with changes in corneal shapes.

Elliptically polarized high-order harmonic generation of Ar atom in an intense laser field

High-order harmonic generation(HHG) of Ar atom in an elliptically polarized intense laser field is experimentally investigated in this work.Interestingly,the anomalous ellipticity dependence on the laser ellipticity(ε) in the lower-order harmonics is observed,specifically in the 13rd-order,which displays a maximal harmonic intensity at ε ≈ 0.1,rather than at ε = 0 as expected.This contradicts the general trend of harmonic yield,which typically decreases with the increase of laser ellipticity.In this study,we attribute this phenomenon to the disruption of the symmetry of the wave function by the Coulomb effect,leading to the generation of a harmonic with high ellipticity.This finding provides valuable insights into the behavior of elliptically polarized harmonics and opens up a potential way for exploring new applications in ultrafast spectroscopy and light–matter interactions.

Multidimensional images and aberrations in STEM

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)have led to increased development of multidimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction methods.This interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same lens.This state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam diffraction.However,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective performance.Here,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample aberrations.This consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

High-order Bragg forward scattering and frequency shift of low-frequency underwater acoustic field by moving rough sea surface

Acoustic scattering modulation caused by an undulating sea surface on the space-time dimension seriously affects underwater detection and target recognition.Herein,underwater acoustic scattering modulation from a moving rough sea surface is studied based on integral equation and parabolic equation.And with the principles of grating and constructive interference,the mechanism of this acoustic scattering modulation is explained.The periodicity of the interference of moving rough sea surface will lead to the interference of the scattering field at a series of discrete angles,which will form comb-like and frequency-shift characteristics on the intensity and the frequency spectrum of the acoustic scattering field,respectively,which is a high-order Bragg scattering phenomenon.Unlike the conventional Doppler effect,the frequency shifts of the Bragg scattering phenomenon are multiples of the undulating sea surface frequency and are independent of the incident sound wave frequency.Therefore,even if a low-frequency underwater acoustic field is incident,it will produce obvious frequency shifts.Moreover,under the action of ideal sinusoidal waves,swells,fully grown wind waves,unsteady wind waves,or mixed waves,different moving rough sea surfaces create different acoustic scattering processes and possess different frequency shift characteristics.For the swell wave,which tends to be a single harmonic wave,the moving rough sea surface produces more obvious high-order scattering and frequency shifts.The same phenomena are observed on the sea surface under fully grown wind waves,however,the frequency shift slightly offsets the multiple peak frequencies of the wind wave spectrum.Comparing with the swell and fully-grown wind waves,the acoustic scattering and frequency shift are not obvious for the sea surface under unsteady wind waves.

High-order harmonic generation of ZnO crystals in chirped and static electric fields

High harmonic generation in ZnO crystals under chirped single-color field and static electric field are investigated by solving the semiconductor Bloch equation(SBE). It is found that when the chirp pulse is introduced, the interference structure becomes obvious while the harmonic cutoff is not extended. Furthermore, the harmonic efficiency is improved when the static electric field is included. These phenomena are demonstrated by the classical recollision model in real space affected by the waveform of laser field and inversion symmetry. Specifically, the electron motion in k-space shows that the change of waveform and the destruction of the symmetry of the laser field lead to the incomplete X-structure of the crystal-momentum-resolved(k-resolved) inter-band harmonic spectrum. Furthermore, a pre-acceleration process in the solid four-step model is confirmed.

Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with phase-controlled light focusing and aberration correction for rapid and label-free, volumetric deep tissue imaging

We report a novel stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)microscopy technique featuring phase-controlled light focusing and aberration corrections for rapid,deep tissue 3D chemical imaging with subcellular resolution.To accomplish phasecontrolled SRS(PC-SRS),we utilize a single spatial light modulator to electronically tune the axial positioning of both the shortened-length Bessel pump and the focused Gaussian Stokes beams,enabling z-scanning-free optical sectioning in the sample.By incorporating Zernike polynomials into the phase patterns,we simultaneously correct the system aberrations at two separate wavelengths(~240 nm difference),achieving a~3-fold enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio over the uncorrected imaging system.PC-SRS provides>2-fold improvement in imaging depth in various samples(e.g.,polystyrene bead phantoms,porcine brain tissue)as well as achieves SRS 3D imaging speed of~13 Hz per volume for real-time monitoring of Brownian motion of polymer beads in water,superior to conventional point-scanning SRS 3D imaging.We further utilize PC-SRS to observe the metabolic activities of the entire tumor liver in living zebrafish in cellsilent region,unraveling the upregulated metabolism in liver tumor compared to normal liver.This work shows that PCSRS provides unprecedented insights into morpho-chemistry,metabolic and dynamic functioning of live cells and tissue in real-time at the subcellular level.

Arbitrary High-Order Fully-Decoupled Numerical Schemes for Phase-Field Models of Two-Phase Incompressible Flows

Due to the coupling between the hydrodynamic equation and the phase-field equation in two-phase incompressible flows,it is desirable to develop efficient and high-order accurate numerical schemes that can decouple these two equations.One popular and efficient strategy is to add an explicit stabilizing term to the convective velocity in the phase-field equation to decouple them.The resulting schemes are only first-order accurate in time,and it seems extremely difficult to generalize the idea of stabilization to the second-order or higher version.In this paper,we employ the spectral deferred correction method to improve the temporal accuracy,based on the first-order decoupled and energy-stable scheme constructed by the stabilization idea.The novelty lies in how the decoupling and linear implicit properties are maintained to improve the efficiency.Within the framework of the spatially discretized local discontinuous Galerkin method,the resulting numerical schemes are fully decoupled,efficient,and high-order accurate in both time and space.Numerical experiments are performed to validate the high-order accuracy and efficiency of the methods for solving phase-field models of two-phase incompressible flows.

High-Order Soliton Solutions and Hybrid Behavior for the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky Equations

In this paper, the evolutionary behavior of N-solitons for a (2 + 1)-dimensional Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations is studied by using the Hirota bilinear method and the long wave limit method. Based on the N-soliton solution, we first study the evolution from N-soliton to T-order (T=1,2) breather wave solutions via the paired-complexification of parameters, and then we get the N-order rational solutions, M-order (M=1,2) lump solutions, and the hybrid behavior between a variety of different types of solitons combined with the parameter limit technique and the paired-complexification of parameters. Meanwhile, we also provide a large number of three-dimensional figures in order to better show the degeneration of the N-soliton and the interaction behavior between different N-solitons.

Generation of tunable high-order Laguerre– Gaussian petal-like modes from a mid-infrared optical vortex parametric oscillator

High-order Laguerre–Gaussian(LG)petal-like beams have become a topic of significant interest due to their potential application in next-generation optical trapping,quantum optics,and materials processing technologies.In this work,we demonstrate the generation of high-order LG beams with petal-like spatial profiles and tunable orbital angular momentum(OAM)in the mid-infrared wavelength region.These beams are generated using idler-resonant optical parametric oscillation(OPO)in a KTiOAsO_(4)(KTA)crystal.By adjusting the length of the resonant cavity,the OAM of the mid-infrared idler field can be tuned and we demonstrate tuning in the range of 0 to10.When using a maximum pump energy of 20.2 mJ,the maximum output energy of high-order modes LG_(0.45),LG_(0.48),and LG_(0.410) were 0.8,0.53,and 0.46 mJ,respectively.The means by which high-order LG modes with petal-like spatial profiles and tunable OAM were generated from the OPO is theoretically modeled by examining the spatial overlap efficiency of the beam waists of the pump and resonant idler fields within the center of the KTA crystal.The methodology presented in this work offers a simple and flexible method to wavelength-convert laser emission and generate high-order LG modes.

Phase aberration correction in ultrasonic phased array non-destructive testing systems

Phase aberration correction for medical ultrasound systems has attracted a great deal of attention. Since phased array techniques are now widely employed for industrial non-destructive testing （NDT） applications in various fields, the problem of phase aberrations in the process of NDT testing is considered. The technique of cross-covariance for phase aberration correction is presented. The performance of the technique for phase aberration correction is tested by means of echo signals obtained in practical non-destructive testing experiment. The results show that the technique has the better accuracy of phase correction.

Effect of Varieties on Tea Pigment and Chromatic Aberration of Black Tea Infusion

Effects of varieties on the content of tea pigment, L＊, a＊ and b＊ value of chromatic aberration of black tea infusion was studied. The correlation relationship between content of TF, TR, TB and L＊, a＊, b＊ value was extremely significant at P＆lt;0.05. Fresh tea leaves with plucking standard of 1 bud and 2 leaves could man-ufacture black tea with higher content of tea pigment, higher a＊ and b＊ value but lower L＊ value, than those of plucking standard of 1 bud and 3 leaves. But the discrepancy of certain parameter of the two plucking standards changed with vari-eties. Varieties’ quality potential could be concealed by improper plucking standards. Six varieties were divided into four groups on the basis of gross tea polyphenols in fresh tea leaves （GTP）, consumption of tea polyphenols to gross tea polyphenols ratio （CTP/GTP） and gross tea pigment to consumption of tea polyphenols ratio （GP/CTP）. Hybrid performed the very suitability of black tea manufacturing. To en-sure high quality of made black tea, suitable variety should be chosen and reason-able plucking standard also should be taken into consideration.

HIGH-ORDER RUNGE-KUTTA DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR 2-D RESONATOR PROBLEM

The Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin finite element method （RK-DGFEM） is introduced to solve the classical resonator problem in the time domain. DGFEM uses unstructured grid discretization in the space domain and it is explicit in the time domain. Consequently it is a best mixture of FEM and finite volume method （FVM）. RK-DGFEM can obtain local high-order accuracy by using high-order polynomial basis. Numerical experiments of transverse magnetic （TM） wave propagation in a 2-D resonator are performed. A high-order Lagrange polynomial basis is adopted. Numerical results agree well with analytical solution. And different order Lagrange interpolation polynomial basis impacts on simulation result accuracy are discussed. Computational results indicate that the accuracy is evidently improved when the order of interpolation basis is increased. Finally, L^2 errors of different order polynomial basis in RK-DGFEM are presented. Computational results show that L^2 error declines exponentially as the order of basis increases.

A truncated implicit high-order finite-difference scheme combined with boundary conditions

In this paper, first we calculate finite-difference coefficients of implicit finite- difference methods （IFDM） for the first and second-order derivatives on normal grids and first- order derivatives on staggered grids and find that small coefficients of high-order IFDMs exist. Dispersion analysis demonstrates that omitting these small coefficients can retain approximately the same order accuracy but greatly reduce computational costs. Then, we introduce a mirrorimage symmetric boundary condition to improve IFDMs accuracy and stability and adopt the hybrid absorbing boundary condition （ABC） to reduce unwanted reflections from the model boundary. Last, we give elastic wave modeling examples for homogeneous and heterogeneous models to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme.