Mechanical Behavior Based on Aggregates Microstructure of Ultra-high Performance Concrete

We developed ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)incorporating mullite sand and brown corundum sand(BCS),and the quartz sand UHPC was utilized to prepare for comparison.The properties of compressive strength,elastic modulus,ultrasonic pulse velocity,flexural strength,and toughness were investigated.Scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation were also conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms affecting macroscopic performance.Due to the superior interface bonding properties between mullite sand and matrix,the compressive strength and flexural toughness of UHPC have been significantly improved.Mullite sand and BCS aggregates have higher stiffness than quartz sand,contributing to the excellent elastic modulus exhibited by UHPC.The stiffness and volume of aggregates have a more significant impact on the elastic modulus of UHPC than interface performance,and the latter contributes more to the strength of UHPC.This study will provide a reference for developing UHPC with superior elastic modulus for structural engineering.

Effect of waste concrete with different strength on mechanical properties of recycled fine aggregate mortar

The influence of source concrete (SC) with different compression strengths on the workability and mechanical properties of recycled mortar made with river sand substituted by 100% fine recycled concrete aggregates (FRCA) is experimentally investigated. The basic physical performance test shows that with the increase in SC strength, FRCA exhibit lower water absorption and crushing index, meanwhile keeping higher densities. Mechanical property tests, including compressive strength, flexural strength and uniaxial compressive stress-strain tests, show that compressive strength,flexural strength and elasticity modulus of recycled sand mortars increase roughly with the increase in SC strength. The proposed mixture design method demonstrates that all of the components can be kept as the same as those in natural mortar mixture design and FRCA must be pre-wetted before making mortar mixture. Meanwhile, the reuse of higher strength SC can ensure that recycled mortar mixtures are able to achieve similar mechanical performance when compared to natural mortar designs.

Strength and Chloride Diffusion Behaviour of Three Generations of Repeated Recycled Fine Aggregate Concrete

The feasibility of using different generations of recycled fine aggregate（RFA） in structural concrete in a chloride environment was evaluated by studying the performance of the RFA and the corresponding concrete. The different generations of RFA were recycled by following the cycle of ‘concrete-waste concrete-fine aggregate-concrete＇. The properties of three generations of repeatedly recycled fine aggregate（RRFA） were systematically investigated, and we focused on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength and chloride ion permeability of the related structural concretes with 25%, 75%, and 100% replacement of natural fine aggregates with RFA. The results indicated that the quality of RRFA presents a trend of slow deterioration, but the overall performance of all RRFA still fulfils the quality requirements of recycled fine aggregate for structural concrete. All RRFA concretes achieved the target compressive strength of 40 MPa after 28 days except for the second generation of the recycled aggregate concrete and the third generation of the recycled aggregate concrete with 100% replacement, and all the concrete mixes achieved the target compressive strength after 90 days. The insights obtained in this study demonstrate the feasibility of using at least three generations of RRFA for the production of normal structural concrete with a design service life of 100 years in a chloride environment.

Mathematical models for properties of mortars with admixtures and recycled fine aggregates from demolished concretes

In order to expand the engineering application of recycle aggregate mortars （RAM） with aggregates from demolished concretes, the models for the properties of RAM and the replacement rate of these recycled fine aggregates were proposed. First, different kinds of mathematical models for the basic properties （compressive strength, water retention rate, and consistency loss） of RAM with two kinds of admixtures, thickening powders （TP） and self-made powdery admixtures （SSCT） designed for RAM, and the replacement rates were established, while the average relative errors and relative standard errors of these models were calculated. Additionally, the models and their error analyses for the curves of drying shrinkage and curing time of RAM ＋ SSCT at different replacement rates were put forward. The results show that polynomial functions should be used to calculate the basic properties of RAM ＋ TP and RAM ＋ SSCT at different replacement rates. In addition, polynonfial functions are the most optimal models for the sharp shrinkage sections in the curves of drying shrinkage-curing time of RAM ＋ SSCT, while exponential functions should be used as the models for the slow shrinkage sections and steady shrinkage sections.

Influence of Recycling Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate on the Concrete Properties

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the quantity of waste glass(WG)across the globe.Replacing the fine aggregate with WG is one of the steps toward preserving the natural resources of the environment and creating low-cost concrete.The present study is concerned with replacing fine aggregates with glass powder(GP)at(0%,15%,30%,and 50%).It has studied the fresh and hardened properties(compressive strength,tensile strength,hardened density,and slump)for all the mentioned percent replacements.The findings have shown that all mixtures containing GP gave acceptable slump results within the design limits(2–5 cm)according to ACI standard 211.1.It has been observed that increasing the proportion of GP led to a decrease in the weight of concrete.Lastly,replacing GP with sand by 30%has led to an increase in the compressive strength by about 2.4%and 12.45%,and the tensile strength by about 2.5%and 26.54%at 7-and 28-d,respectively in comparison to normal concrete.

Recycled glass replacement as fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete

With increasing environmental pressure to reduce solid waste and to recycle as much as possible,the concrete industry has adopted a number of methods to achieve this goal by replacement of waste glass with concrete composition materials.Due to differences in mixture design,placement and consolidation techniques,the strength and durability of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC)may be different than those of conventional concrete.Therefore,replacement of waste glass with fine aggregate in SCC should deeply be investigated compared to conventional concretes.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of glass replacement with fine aggregate on the SCC properties.In present study,fine aggregate has been replaced with waste glass in six different weight ratios ranging from 0%to 50%.Fresh results indicate that the flow-ability characteristics have been increased as the waste glass incorporated to paste volume.Nevertheless,compressive,flexural and splitting strengths of concrete containing waste glass have been shown to decrease when the content of waste glass is increased.The strength reduction of concrete in different glass replacement ratios is not remarkable,thus it can be produced SCC with waste glass as fine aggregate in a standard manner.

附加用水量对再生砂混凝土工作性和力学性能的影响

再生砂掺量和附加用水量对新拌和硬化再生砂混凝土的性能有重要影响。本工作制备了再生砂掺量(γRFA)为30%、50%、70%、100%(质量分数,下同),附加用水量补偿系数(kwa)为0.6、0.75、0.9、1.0的16组再生砂混凝土,测试了这些再生砂混凝土的工作性(坍落度、扩展度与扩展时间)与力学性能(抗压、劈拉强度与弹性模量),分析了kwa和γRFA对再生砂混凝土性能的影响规律,获得了kwa的合理取值范围。结果表明,随着kwa的降低,再生砂混凝土的工作性下降,力学性能增大;γRFA对混凝土力学性能的影响与附加用水量有关,在中低附加用水量(kwa=0.6、0.75)条件下,随着γRFA的增加,再生砂混凝土的部分力学性能指标增大且其值高于天然砂混凝土,而在高附加用水量(kwa=0.9、1.0)下,再生砂混凝土的力学性能随着γRFA的增加呈线性降低。γRFA低于50%对再生砂混凝土力学性能的影响较小,kwa值在0.75~0.9范围变化对再生砂混凝土工作性能与力学性能的影响均相对较小。

钢纤维对细再生混凝土力学性能的影响研究

为研究细再生集料(FRAP)替代天然细集料(NFA)的可能性。配置1%钢纤维掺量下不同FRAP含量(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)的水泥混凝土,并测定成型后试件的抗压强度、拉伸特性、应力-应变特性和耐久性能。研究结果表明:以FRAP替代NFA会导致细再生集料水泥混凝的土力学强度降低;加入1%钢纤维,可以显著提高细再生集料水泥混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和抗弯强度,峰值应力增加约15%,峰值应变增加50%,韧性及延展性提高约5倍;以FRAP替代NFA的最佳含量为50%左右。

再生细骨料和砖粉双掺对3D打印混凝土性能的影响

为减少3D打印混凝土中天然骨料及胶凝材料的用量,本文采用再生混凝土细骨料替代部分天然细骨料,砖粉替代部分水泥,首先开展单掺再生细骨料(取代率为0、25%、50%、75%和100%)、单掺砖粉(取代率为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和30%)和两者双掺的现浇混凝土的流动性和抗压强度试验,以获得再生细骨料和砖粉的适宜取代率;然后探究50%再生细骨料和10%砖粉双掺及配合比调整方式(附加水、提高减水剂用量)对3D打印混凝土拌合物性能及硬化后力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,当再生细骨料的掺量不超过50%时,现浇混凝土抗压强度降低幅度在10%以内;随着砖粉掺量从0增加到30%,现浇混凝土抗压强度总体呈现先增后减、再稍有增加的趋势,当砖粉掺量为10%时,混凝土抗压强度最高;相比于单掺50%再生细骨料的混凝土,50%再生细骨料和10%砖粉双掺时混凝土强度有所增加,而流动性基本不变。对于3D打印混凝土,同时掺入50%再生细骨料和10%砖粉,并采用添加附加水的方式保持3D打印混凝土初始扩展度不变,会使得混凝土的可建造性提高,但坍落度、开放时间、抗压和劈裂抗拉强度降低,强度各向异性加剧;而提高减水剂用量不仅能显著提升3D打印混凝土的流动性能、开放时间和抗压强度,还能降低打印试件的强度各向异性。

再生细骨料混凝土的性能研究进展

合理使用再生细骨料(以下简称RFA)可同时解决建筑垃圾的资源化利用问题和天然砂、石过度开采引起的环境问题。介绍了RFA的颗粒形状、空隙率、吸水率、有害物质含量等性能,总结了RFA的性能强化措施,综述了再生细骨料混凝土(以下简称RFAC)的工作性、力学性能和耐久性能,并对其机理进行了分析,可为RFA的进一步推广应用提供参考。

钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合板抗弯性能试验研究

钢纤维细石混凝土是一种具有优异力学性能和良好工作性的高性能混凝土复合材料。本试验针对正交异性钢桥面铺装层裂缝病害问题,对4组采用不同钢筋配筋率和保护层厚度的横桥向钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合桥面板进行了抗弯破坏试验,研究了组合板的荷载-挠度关系与裂缝开展特征;用等效截面法计算了开裂应力、裂缝宽度和钢筋应力,验证了钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合板的抗裂性能。结果表明:60 mm厚钢纤维细石混凝土铺装层在小配筋率(2.6%)和低于规范要求的保护层厚度(15 mm)条件下呈现出多缝开裂的破坏形态,具备较高的延性和开裂应力,满足规范和工程应用的要求。

橡胶粗细集料含量对FRP约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响

为研究橡胶粗细集料体积分数对纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP)约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响,提出了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率的概念,并通过收集已发表文献的110组应力-应变关系试验曲线,分析了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率对FRP约束不同截面橡胶混凝土柱应力-应变关系关键参数的影响,基于分析结果建立了FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系模型和抗压强度模型,两个模型中均考虑了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率和橡胶混凝土截面形状的影响.模型评估结果表明:随着橡胶粗细集料体积替换率、FRP约束应力比和截面倒角半径比的增加,FRP约束橡胶混凝土的抗压强度均呈增大的趋势;建立的抗压强度模型可准确预测橡胶颗粒取代部分细集料或粗细集料的FRP约束橡胶混凝土抗压强度,平均误差仅为1.03;建立的应力-应变关系模型能够较好预测FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系曲线变化.

C30自密实细石混凝土性能及微观结构研究

建设超高薄壁特大型桥梁对混凝土性能具有一定要求。文中依托四川某特大型悬索桥主塔建设,基于致密堆积理论配制C30自密实细石混凝土,并对其性能与微观结构进行研究。结果表明,20%掺量的II级粉煤灰,坍落度增加10.4%,28 d抗压降低3.6%。8%掺量的CEA膨胀剂28 d抗压强度比未添加膨胀剂的对照组降低14.1%,坍落度和扩展度分别降低13.2%与3.8%。同时SEM试验结果表明加入10%的CEA膨胀剂自密实混凝土产生了过度膨胀,内部结构被破坏。

细集料类型对混凝土力学性能及孔隙结构影响

利用机制砂、风积沙和河砂制备不同水胶比的混凝土进行抗压、轴心抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折和黏结强度测试以及坍落度测试,结合微观孔隙结构变化明确不同细骨料对混凝土性能的影响机理.试验结果表明:机制砂增强了混凝土的抗压强度、黏结强度、受拉变形能力和韧性,而风积沙则降低了混凝土力学性能;随着水胶比和减水剂含量的增加,不同细骨料混凝土的力学性能有着不同程度的降低,与普通河砂混凝土相比,风积沙和机制砂混凝土的力学性能下降程度较小;机制砂和风积沙降低了集料之间的干涉作用、提升了细骨料填充率和开口孔隙占比使混凝土内部更加致密强化孔隙结构,但二者均使混凝土内部的大孔隙占比增多;机制砂和风积沙均大幅度降低混凝土的工作性能,随着水胶比和减水剂含量的增加,坍落度大幅增加,但当水胶比和减水剂含量过大时导致风积沙混凝土凝结硬化时间延长3倍左右,且内部处于湿润和黏结性较弱的状态.

基于残余浆体质量分数的废弃混凝土再生砂品质评价方法研究

文章针对废弃混凝土再生砂资源属性复杂、基本性能差异性大导致其难以被高效利用的问题,提出了基于再生砂的残余浆体质量分数分类及评价再生砂的方法。对北京、合肥、桐城、广州、成都和重庆的再生砂进行基本性能测试,以再生砂的残余浆体质量分数α_(RCC)为基础,综合利用再生砂的表观密度、压碎指标、再生胶砂需水量比和强度比指标将再生砂划分成Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类3个等级并与现行规范比较。结果表明:分别以再生砂的残余浆体质量分数α_(RCC)≤15%、15%<α_(RCC)≤25%、α_(RCC)>25%划分再生砂的类别,其对应的各项基本性能指标都满足现行规范的要求;以残余浆体质量分数为基础对再生砂进行更简便精细的分类及品质评价。该分类方法有利于再生砂的差异化高效利用。

纳米二氧化硅再生细骨料混凝土力学性能及微观结构

基础设施建设的需求越来越大,大量的废旧设施需要更新换代,进而废弃混凝土的产量越来越大。同时,建筑行业自然资源匮乏问题日益加深,而废弃混凝土制备砂石骨料成为解决难题的关键之一,但此类砂石骨料制备的再生混凝土性能普遍较差,无法替代天然混凝土用于工程建设。为解决这些问题,本研究采用不同质量取代率的再生细骨料(RFA)取代等质量的天然细骨料(NFA)制备再生细骨料混凝土(RFAC),并采用掺量0,1%,2%,3%的纳米二氧化硅等质量取代水泥对其改性。研究RFA和纳米二氧化硅的取代率对RFAC力学性能和微观结构的影响,以期改善RFAC的性能使其披靡天然混凝土用于工程建设。结果表明:随着RFA的掺入,RFAC的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度相较于天然骨料混凝土(NAC)显著降低,当RFA的取代率为100%时,28 d抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度相较NAC分别降低了20.6%,26.1%,19.1%;随着纳米二氧化硅的掺入,RFAC的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度相较于未添加纳米二氧化硅的RFAC得到明显提升,并随着纳米二氧化硅掺量的增加,提升幅度逐渐增大;当纳米二氧化硅的掺量为3%时,不同RFA取代率下RFAC的28 d抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度相较NAC分别提升了23.4~30.7%,31.3~39.7%,26.8~35.3%;纳米二氧化硅能够促进水泥的水化反应,降低C_(3)S和Ca(OH)_(2)的含量,促进C—S—H的形成,并充当晶核作用填充孔隙,并修复RFAC内部薄弱的界面过渡区,提升RFAC基体的密实程度,提高RFAC力学性能。

再生细骨料残余浆体对混凝土流变性和强度的影响

文章开展再生细骨料残余浆体的定量表征实验、混凝土常规工作性能试验、流变性能试验和力学性能试验,研究不同残余浆体质量分数对再生细骨料混凝土流变性能和力学性能的影响。研究发现,再生骨料表面残余浆体的去除可以明显改善其基本性能,再生细骨料的使用会使新拌混凝土的坍落度和扩展度损失加快,屈服应力增大,塑性黏度降低。随着再生细骨料残余浆体质量分数的减少,用其制备出的再生混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉随之增大。当浆体质量分数为14.9%时,骨料水泥界面过渡区粘结紧密,再生细骨料混凝土的28 d抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度分别为28.50、2.30 MPa,约为普通混凝土的89%、77%,表明较低残余浆体质量分数的再生细骨料可取代天然砂应用于混凝土中。

全再生细骨料混凝土的制备及性能试验研究

为提高再生细骨料(regenerate fine aggregates,RFA)的回收使用率,本研究采用一种含砖RFA进行全再生细骨料混凝土(fully recycled fine aggregate concrete,FRFAC)的试验制备.设计吸水率试验拟合公式计算RFA的主要组成及含量;通过设计正交试验研究水料比、减水剂和RFA粒径级配对不同养护天数下FRFAC的强度与热工性能的影响.研究结果表明,该RFA中主要包含废砖、废混凝土和泥块,其含量分别为13.58%、52.98%和33.44%,泥块含量较多,所以在制备前需对RFA进行筛分处理,该RFA平均吸水率较大,所以需采用饱和面干法进行预处理;对FRFAC强度影响最大的是RFA粒径级配,其次是水料比和减水剂,强度随着养护天数呈缓慢上升趋势;FRFAC的导热系数低,通过抗压导热交互分析得到配比最优方案为A3B3C2,制备的FRFAC强度达到25.8 MPa,导热系数为0.4636 W/(m·K),可用于建筑工程中.

再生细骨料对超高性能混凝土的力学与自收缩性能影响

将再生细骨料应用于超高性能混凝土(UHPC)不仅能降低成本,还可实现建筑垃圾资源化利用。采用预湿状态再生细骨料制备UHPC,探究再生细骨料的粒径(0.6~<1.18 mm和1.18~2.36 mm)和不同掺量(10%、20%、30%和40%,均为体积分数)对UHPC的工作性能、力学性能、体积稳定性、抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,利用热重分析(TG-DTG)、显微硬度、压汞仪(MIP)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试方法揭示其影响机理。结果表明,再生细骨料的粒径和掺量是影响UHPC力学性能和体积稳定性的关键因素。随着预湿再生细骨料掺量增大,UHPC的流动性和自收缩值逐渐减小,但其抗压强度表现出先增大后降低的趋势,其中掺入20%预湿再生细骨料(粒径为1.18~2.36 mm)制备的UHPC性能更优,与未掺再生细骨料UHPC相比,其28 d抗压强度提升7.0%,7 d自收缩值降低了78.8%;预湿再生细骨料内养护效应有助于降低UHPC内部自干燥进程、提高水化反应程度、优化界面过度区组成结构、减少有害孔和多害孔数量。

喷射混凝土回弹料再生混凝土基本力学性能研究

为研究喷射混凝土回弹料再生混凝土(SRM-RFAC)的基本力学性能,以喷射混凝土回弹料再生细骨料(SRM-RFA)取代率和粉煤灰(FA)取代率为变量,进行了立方体抗压强度、棱柱体抗压强度、立方体劈裂抗拉强度和静弹性模量试验。结果表明:SRM-RFAC的立方体抗压破坏、轴心抗压破坏和劈裂抗拉破坏形态与普通混凝土(NC)基本相似,且混凝土的抗压强度与劈拉强度随着SRM-RFA和FA取代率的增加而逐渐降低,基于规范式,提出棱柱体抗压强度、立方体劈裂抗拉强度和静弹性模量的换算式,计算值与试验结果吻合度较好。