Wings of Change Angola’s new international airport becomes a symbol of high-quality cooperation under the BRI

The new Dr.Antonio Agost inho Neto International Airport(AIAAN)infrastructure project is valued at around$3 billion.The project was fully funded by the Angolan government as a public investment,with lending from the Chinese government for the airport construction.China National Aero-Technology International Engineering Corp,the key construction subsidiary of AVIC International Holding,is the contractor for the project.

Improved Ant Colony Algorithm for Vehicle Scheduling Problem in Airport Ground Service Support

Support vehicles are part of the main body of airport ground operations,and their scheduling efficiency directly impacts flight delays.A mathematical model is constructed and the responsiveness of support vehicles for current operational demands is proposed to study optimization algorithms for vehicle scheduling.The model is based on the constraint relationship of the initial operation time,time window,and gate position distribution,which gives an improvement to the ant colony algorithm(ACO).The impacts of the improved ACO as used for support vehicle optimization are compared and analyzed.The results show that the scheduling scheme of refueling trucks based on the improved ACO can reduce flight delays caused by refueling operations by 56.87%,indicating the improved ACO can improve support vehicle scheduling.Besides,the improved ACO can jump out of local optima,which can balance the working time of refueling trucks.This research optimizes the scheduling scheme of support vehicles under the existing conditions of airports,which has practical significance to fully utilize ground service resources,improve the efficiency of airport ground operations,and effectively reduce flight delays caused by ground service support.

Internet of Things Supported Airport Boarding System and Evaluation with Fuzzy

The existing systems sustained with the investments made require more automation and digital transformation with the continuous advancement of tech-nology.The aviation industry is a sector that is open to more automation and digi-tal transformation,mainly because of the intense competition and the analysis of a large variety of data.The long duration of operations in current airline processes and some processflows cause customer dissatisfaction and cost increase.In this study,the boarding process,which is one of the operational processes of airline transportation and is open to improvement,was discussed.The classical boarding process has been redesigned using Internet of Things technology a model called Boarding 4.0 was created.With Boarding 4.0,it is aimed to design a process where passengers can take their time before boarding more efficiently.In the study,the sub-processes of the Boarding 4.0 model,other processes that the sub-processes interact with,their activities,and data exchange passenger move-ments during the activities are explained in detail.Compared to the classical boarding process and Boarding 4.0 with the fuzzy ahp technique,it has been shown that boarding 4.0 is more advantageous and passenger movement times can be reduced during boarding.As a result of the evaluation made with the fuzzy ahp,it was determined that boarding 4.0 is more advantageous than the classical boarding process.In addition,when the total time of the sub-activities in the board-ing process is calculated,boarding activities for a passenger take 50 min with the classic boarding process and 20 min with Boarding 4.0.Thus,when Boarding 4.0 is used,the passenger gains 30 min.Furthermore,when the calculation is made concerning the airport’s current capacity,two passengers are hosted with the clas-sical boarding process,whilefive passengers are hosted with Boarding 4.0.This acquisition is significant for airports in terms of efficient use of resources.

Analysis of Continuous Thunderstorm in One Week at Qingdao Airport Based on Sounding Data

Continuous thunderstorm occurring at Qingdao Airport in China from August 7 to 13,2022 was analyzed based on sounding data.The weather was divided into thunderstorm gale,thunderstorm and heavy precipitation,and some physical quantities and time variables which can effectively identify severe convective weather types were preliminarily obtained.The results show that CAPE was sensitive to different types of weather,but the uncertainty was relatively large.Convective temperature T_(CON),temperature difference between 500 and 850 hPa,and vertical wind shear can distinguish thunderstorm gale,thunderstorm and heavy precipitation weather obviously.Besides,K index,Showalter index,θ_(se) difference between 500 and 850 hPa were also important basis to distinguish thunderstorm and heavy precipitation weather.Thunderstorm gale can be distinguished by the 24-hour variations of K index,and the difference of dew point between 500 and 850 hPa.The 24-hour variations of(T-T_(d))_(500) and vertical wind shear can be used to distinguish between heavy precipitation and thunderstorm weather;the 24-hour variation of stratification stability Δθ_(se) can distinguish the three kinds of weather well.For the wind field,the existence of vertical wind shear was required for strong convective weather,and the 24-hour increment of thunderstorm gale and thunderstorm was larger than that of heavy precipitation.

临空经济对区域创新的结构性影响研究

临空经济在引导区域发展模式向创新驱动型转变中发挥着重要作用,以其独特的“技术—制度—产业—空间”属性,通过技术支撑、制度安排、产业延伸、空间极核等新的范式结构,为区域创新发展提供跃升条件。发展临空经济,能提升城市通达度和交通枢纽地位,影响城市创新层级;缩小城市间知识密集型服务业的差距,使城市群向创新多中心空间结构演化;为区域创新发展提供集聚与扩散叠加动力、制度创新变迁动力、政府与市场双向互动激活动力、中心极核与外围互补引领协同动力,影响区域创新的动力结构。各级政府应高度重视临空经济区在改革创新、先行先试中的引领作用,完善现代综合交通运输体系,差异化构建跨空间创新协作网络,促进创新要素流动和知识溢出,激发临空经济在区域创新中的功能。

New International Airport Launched

Angolan President Joao Lourenco offcially opened the new Dr.Antonio Agostinho Neto International Airport at an opening ceremony here on 10 November,launching the airport’s cargo operations.Lourenco expressed his gratitude for all the project’s builders,including the Chinese contractor,China National Aerotechnology International Engineering Corp.

模拟高高原机场疏散的低氧实验平台设计

为克服高高原机场疏散研究中实地实验的挑战,设计并研制了一套可以模拟高高原环境的低氧实验平台。综合利用文献调研、实验室测试等方法,分别从生理层面与认知层面设计了三组对照实验方案,即上下台阶实验、90 s跑步实验和反应能力实验,以模拟真实疏散情景。基于统计学原理,对比分析了高高原实地实验与低氧实验平台实验得到的心率、血氧、反应能力等数据。研究结果表明,三组对照试验数据无显著差异性,验证了该平台模拟高高原环境的可行性和合理性。该实验平台可为安全人机、职业卫生等领域的实验研究与教学创新提供支持。

Assessment of the Impacts of Thunderstorm on Flight Operations at Murtala Mohammed International Airport,Ikeja,Lagos State,Nigeria

The inefficiency of the aviation industry and the persistent rise in aviation hazards have been linked to weather phenomena.As a result,researchers are looking for better solutions to the problem.The study examined the impact of thunderstorms on flight operations at Murtala Mohammed International Airport,Lagos.The data on thunderstorms and flight operations were sourced from Nigerian Meteorological Agency(NiMet)and Nigerian Airspace Management Agency(NAMA)respectively.In order to meet the research target,descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,and charts)and inferential statistics(Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation(PPMC)and Regression)were used.The significance level for all inferential analyses was set at 5%(0.05).The study revealed that 77.4%of thunderstorms occurred during the rainy season(April-October)while 22.6%occurred during the dry season(November-March).It also revealed some fluctuating movements of a thunderstorm in the study area.According to the findings,thunderstorms occur most frequently at the airport in June and less frequently in January and December.The study also discovered that thunderstorms at the airport are positively and significantly related to flight delays and cancellations,while the association between flight diversions and thunderstorm occurrence is positive but statistically insignificant.Furthermore,flight delays,flight diversions,and flight cancellations interact positively among themselves.The regression result of the study revealed that a 1%increase in thunderstorm occurrence leads to a 19.4%increase in flight delay,a 7.1%increase in flight cancellation,and a 4.3%increase in flight diversion.As a result,the study presented various regression models that may be utilized to make predictions.The study proposes consistent thunderstorm observation at the airport and steady forecasts using the regression models,based on the findings.However,it further recommends that pilots,air traffic controllers,and meteorologists be trained and retrained so that they can provide better and more efficient services.

机场飞行区多层异质链序风险传播模型研究

为探究机场飞行区风险发生机制及风险传播特性,增强机场飞行区安全管控能力,采用复杂网络理论,依据风险致因间的因果链序关系,构建多层异质网络风险传播模型。采用多层次因果图(AcciMap)理论分析机场飞行区运行风险传播的致因链;基于风险致因特征构建3层异质风险传播网络并根据网络特征设计概率-触发传播模型、容量-阻抗传播模型、容量-负荷传播模型;利用复杂网络理论设计风险传播评价指标,对风险网络传播特征进行分析。结果表明:多层风险网络中节点风险传播能力与节点度弱相关,节点风险灵敏指数可提升风险节点排序准确性;对风险灵敏度指数排序前15%的节点进行风险控制,可有效降低风险扩散近32%;网络风险传播结构存在高连通和松散状态,对风险扩散指数排序前15%的节点进行控制,可以有效降低网络结构鲁棒性指数使风险网络结构由高连通进入到松散状态;所建模型可有效识别风险扩散过程并进行精准控制,以提升机场飞行区风险控制水平。

京津多机场系统容量损失影响分析

全球范围内多机场系统数量和规模都在不断增长。由于终端区内有限资源的限制,邻近机场的运行存在一定的相关性,这导致多机场系统运行效率低下。为了估计多机场运行产生的限制,以北京终端区为例提出一种统计分析框架对多机场系统的容量损失进行整体分析。首先,根据理论容量模型分别计算出北京终端区各机场的理论容量,并进一步确定各机场独立运行下的实际容量;其次,以北京终端区的历史运行数据为基础,估计出3个机场及终端区系统的具有鲁棒性的Pareto容量包络曲线;最后,基于独立运行容量与相关运行容量量化出终端区各机场及多机场系统的实际容量损失。为进一步提高多机场终端区的运行效率提供建议与参考。

考虑机场、航空公司与空管需求的机场群离场航班时刻优化

随着中国航空流量的不断增加,机场群内航班延误时间长、延误架次多、机场时刻紧张等问题逐渐暴露,这些问题主要是航班时刻设置不合理所导致。为解决这些问题,需要对机场群内航班时刻进行优化。通过从机场、航空公司、空管3个角度综合考虑,分别以延误时间、航空公司航班时刻调整总方差、管制员总调整量作为优化目标,建立了机场群航班时刻优化模型,并使用权重线性递减的粒子群优化算法实现对模型的求解。以京津冀机场群为例进行分析,使用MATLAB对模型进行寻优。结果表明优化后机场群内总延误时间由77580 min减少至46260 min,航空公司航班时刻调整总方差由447.076减少至63.141,管制员总调整量由467次减少至253次,3个目标均得到了优化。可见该模型权衡了机场、航空公司与空管之间的公平性,为机场群航班时刻的优化提供了理论参考。

成渝机场群运行效率的测度与评价研究

成渝机场群是中国重要的航空交通枢纽以及连接西南地区的重要节点,探讨成渝机场群的运行效率对成渝地区经济和交通发展的重要意义。明确了成渝机场群的投入指标和产出指标,使用Kendall和Spearman相关性分析法对指标间的关系进行了分析,并利用层次分析法对数据进行了处理。运用数据包络分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)对机场群的运行效率进行了深入研究,通过DEAP 2.1软件对三个模型进行求解,从静态、动态和Malmquist指数方面评价了成渝机场群的运行效率。研究结果显示,投入与产出指标之间存在较强的正相关性;成渝机场群整体效率偏低,特别是在货邮吞吐量方面存在严重的产出不足问题;各个机场之间的效率差距较大,存在资源利用不足的问题。

变暖背景下砾石换填对多年冻土区机场跑道下地温场的影响

受气候变暖影响,东北北部地区冻融灾害频发,对寒区工程设施造成了重要影响。地基温度场的研究是分析与解决工程基础冻融灾害的重要手段。文中我们以漠河机场跑道为对象,通过有限单元法研究了洁净砾石换填对机场道基温度场的影响,并对运行30年内道基温度场进行预测。结果表明,换填使季节最大冻结深度(MSF)增加,且换填对道基下MSF的水平影响范围在道面中心线两侧30 m左右。之后,通过比较不同换填深度(1.5(顶)~3.5(底)、1.5~4.5、1.5~5.5和1.5~6.5 m)的道基温度场变化,发现:换填底部深度达到4.5 m时,MSF变化的速率开始减小。最后,根据IPCC第六次评估报告(AR6)未来100年间不同气候变暖速率模型模拟研究了无换填与不同换填深度下的MSF可能变化。结果发现,到2100年,在SSP2-4.5情景下,未换填及不同换填深度的道基下MSF分别为1.63、1.86、1.84、1.84和1.84 m。因此,利用换填法来减少跑道冻融灾害时换填深度应至少达到4.5 m。同时,应加强漠河机场道基地表水与该跑道区地下水的防排水设施建设与维运。研究结果有助于进一步认识换填对多年冻土和活动层水热状态的影响,可为解决道基冻胀和融沉问题提供重要科学依据。

基于改进鲸鱼优化算法的离场航班时刻优化

面对航空客货运输服务迅速增长、各地机场离港高峰时段拥挤度激增的情况,需要对离场航班进行优化配置,降低高峰时段离场总延误时间,同时保障航空公司申请的航班时刻总偏移。考虑航班时刻唯一性、走廊口流量限制、机场容量限制等因素,建立双目标离场航班时刻优化模型,运用精英反向策略与黄金正弦算法对鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)进行改进后求解。以北京首都国际机场为例,使用AirTOp对优化后的结果进行仿真验证。结果表明:优化后航班平均延误减少77.62%。因此,改进鲸鱼优化算法可以有效降低离港高峰时段延误,增强机场运行效率,合理配置有限的时刻资源。

基于IFC标准的机场道面结构信息模型存储与传递方法

为解决机场跑道系统在全生命周期建筑信息模型(BIM)应用中的信息传递和数据交互问题,将工业基础类(IFC)标准在机场跑道系统进行扩展,建立机场道面结构的IFC实体架构,在此基础上创建面向运维应用的刚性道面板实体,并进行几何信息与属性信息的扩展;提出基于IFC的属性信息添加与传递方法,对信息传递过程中的属性信息丢失率进行分析。研究表明:通过建立IFC标准模型,可以实现机场跑道系统的信息传递和数据交互;采用基础模型族扩展法进行机场道面模型传递的属性信息丢失率高达84.21%;采用IFC解析扩展法首次传递可保证信息不丢失,但二次传递信息存在丢失问题;族模型IFC解析扩展法可实现信息首次传递不丢失,二次传递属性信息丢失率低至16.7%,并且采用不同IFC标准版本对模型传递过程中的属性信息丢失率产生较大影响。应用IFC标准进行机场领域扩展具有较高的可行性,所提的信息传递方法可实现机场道面全生命周期信息传递。研究成果可为机场飞行区新IFC实体的扩展提供支持,为机场工程数字化提供技术参考。

基于多目标狼群算法的机场行李导入系统仿真优化研究

针对民航机场行李导入系统运行过程中旅客行李注入等待时间长、系统能耗高等问题,综合考虑虚拟视窗控制方式、收集带式输送机运行速度、虚拟视窗长度及同时开放值机柜台数量等关键控制参数对机场行李导入系统运行效率的影响,提出一种求解该问题的仿真优化框架。通过分析机场行李导入系统实际运行工况,建立参数化仿真优化模型。以最小化旅客行李注入平均等待时间和系统能耗为优化目标,结合系统设计和运行过程中的实际约束条件,建立该问题的数学模型,并设计了一种多目标自适应并行狼群算法进行求解。该算法针对所提问题特性及经典狼群算法易陷入局部最优和收敛速度慢等不足,提出一种混合整实数单链编码方式,融合反向学习策略生成初始种群,引入自适应游走概率机制和智能行为并行机制,采用局部和全局自适应邻域搜索及启发式保优策略实现狼群算法智能行为搜索,使用Pareto非支配排序进行寻优迭代并获得最优解集。以国内某大型国际航空枢纽机场行李导入系统为例设计不同规模多种算法对比实验,验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。

航空器场面滑行关键路径识别与抗毁性研究

为准确辨识机场地面滑行系统重要路段,提升拥塞风险控制能力,通过构建机场活动区交通网络模型,从节点近邻、全局路径、特征向量和网络位置4个角度挖掘关键节点,提出改进介数中心性算法,得到节点重要度排序样例集。综合鲁棒性、性能下降速率以及单位时间性能损失等网络性能指标,通过抗毁性实验分析性能变化曲线,确定综合抗毁性衡量指标ki测度下复杂网络节点重要度排序结果,实现关键路径识别。以华北某机场为例开展实证研究,结果表明:机场活动区交通网络具有较小的聚类系数,在随机攻击下抗毁性较强,基于度中心性的节点序列为所有样例中最满足实际运行中的关键路段,管制员可实施重点路段流量调配,抑制冲突。

不同季节影响下复合道面力学响应分析

为了研究复合道面在不同季节时的力学响应,以中原地区某机场改造项目为项目背景,借助三维有限元软件,建立了道面有限元模型,分析了复合道面在温度影响下的力学响应,并与机场监测数据进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究发现:大气温度所能影响的道面深度范围在0.56 m以内,和大气温度相比,道面面层温度峰值远大于气温峰值;道面内部不同结构层之间温度变化趋势相同,随着道面深度的加深,温度峰值逐渐递减,并且出现时间具有延迟现象;在不同季节,道面在相同机型作用下所产生的变形不同,说明温度对于道面的受力是有影响的,其中混凝土层在冬季时所产生的应变值比夏季所产生的减少约74%,变化比较明显。

微表处用水性树脂基改性乳化沥青流变性能

机场道面微表处技术养护品质依赖于其胶结材料性能,为明确水性树脂聚合物掺量对微表处用改性乳化沥青流变特性的影响,制备了微表处用WER/WPU改性乳化沥青与WER/WPU/EVA改性乳化沥青,借助动态剪切流变试验、线性振幅扫描试验和弯曲梁流变试验,探明了不同水性树脂聚合物掺量下改性乳化沥青高温抗变形能力、中温疲劳性能与低温蠕变特性,对比分析了WER/WPU改性乳化沥青与WER/WPU/EVA改性乳化沥青的流变性能,并与现有研究中改性乳化沥青的抗变形、抗开裂能力进行了对比评价。结果表明:掺加树脂聚合物后乳化沥青材料的高温抗变形能力、中温疲劳寿命以及低温柔韧性得到有效提升,提升幅度随水性树脂聚合物掺量增加而提高;WER/WPU/EVA-15改性乳化沥青高温抗变形性能略优于WER/WPU-15改性乳化沥青,但其疲劳特性与低温抗裂性较WER/WPU-15改性乳化沥青略低。文中所研制的树脂基改性乳化沥青具有显著的先进性。

基于时间窗的机场地面保障车辆动态调度

机场各类地面资源的优化配置是机场场面运行优化的核心问题,而机场地面保障任务的调度是其中的关键一环。针对机场地面保障车辆的调度问题,考虑航班延误、提前等情况,构建了双阶段机场地面保障车辆调度模型,并设计双阶段启发式算法进行求解;基于中国某大型机场的实际运行数据,以清水车和食品车调度为例分别进行仿真实验。结果表明:对比先到先服务策略,清水车行驶总距离减少55.31%,食品车行驶总距离减少47.38%;对比传统遗传算法,清水车行驶总距离减少19.31%,食品车行驶总距离减少22.93%;动态调整后,清水车新增总行驶距离1.2%,食品车总行驶距离新增3.2%,均在可接受范围之内。可见,双阶段机场地面保障车辆调度模型能提高大型机场场面运行效率,为机场航班实际地面保障任务调度提供理论依据和决策支持。