Research on Horizontal Vibration of Heavy-Weight Drill Pipes in Directional Drilling

The mode of load and deformation of directional drilling string and the expression of trigonometric series of deflection equation are established by means of elastic deformation energy and of the vertical and horizontal bending. A calculation formula for natural frequency of horizontal resonance and rotational speed is derived based on the calculation method by Ritz, with which analysis is made for the cause and affecting factors of the excessive abrasion of heavy-weight drill pipe in high-angle holes so as to provide reference and basis for rational selection of drilling parameters and drilling tools in the future high-angle directional drilling.

Research into magnetic guidance technology for directional drilling in SAGD horizontal wells

SAGD horizontal wells are used to enhance oil recovery from heavy oil reservoirs.This technology requires precise separation between the production well and the injection well to ensure the efficient drainage of the reservoir.By studying the attitude of the downhole probe tube and the production well trajectory,an algorithm is proposed for eliminating ferromagnetic interference while drilling injection wells.A high accuracy filter circuit has been designed to correct the detected magnetic signals,which are ultra-weak,frequency-instable,and narrow-band.The directional drilling magnetic guidance system（DD-MGS） has been developed by integrating these advanced techniques.It contains a sub-system for the ranging calculation software,a magnetic source,a downhole probe tube and a sub-system for collecting ＆ processing the detected signals.The DD-MGS has succeeded in oilfield applications.It can guide the directional drilling trajectory not only in the horizontal section but also in the build section of horizontal injection wells.This new technology has broad potential applications.

Stress Analysis of Buried Pipeline Installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling Using ANSYS Finite Element Software

In designing a horizontal directional drilling (HDD) pipeline project, designers face the challenge of determining the regions of maximum and minimum stresses on pipelines, ensuring the stability of the bore-hole from collapse and minimizing the stresses induced on the pipeline due to the bore-profile. This study analyses the stress induced on an HDD pipeline system using the ANSYS Version 18, mechanical APDL finite element (FE) software. The pipeline used as the case study was a gas transmission pipeline installed in south-west Nigeria. A macro-file for ANSYS Version 18, mechanical APDL used to model the pipeline was developed. The results showed that the maximum and minimum stresses induced on the HDD pipeline were at the top and bottom of the pipe, respectively;while the stresses on the sides were uniform (≈888 kg/cm2) all through the pipeline, irrespective of element number. The maximum stress occurred at the curvature point with the highest entry angle (10°), resulting in a maximum deflection at this point. The model stress validation performed by comparing results with theoretical solutions, both with respect to radius of curvature and internal pressure, showed percentage difference (errors) less than 10%. The cross sectional area validation showed a percentage difference of 0.059%.

Evolution and application of in-seam drilling for gas drainage

The presence of seam gas in the form of methane or carbon dioxide presents a hazard to underground coal mining operations.In-seam drilling has been undertaken for the past three decades for gas drainage to reduce the risk of gas outburst and lower the concentrations of seam gas in the underground ventilation.The drilling practices have reflected the standards of the times and have evolved with the development of technology and equipment and the needs to provide a safe mining environment underground.Early practice was to adapt equipment from other felds,with rotary drilling being the only form of drilling available.This form of drainage allowed various levels of gas drainage coverage but with changing emphasis,research and development within the coal industry has created specifc equipment,technology and practices to accurately place in-seam boreholes to provide effcient and effective gas drainage.Research into gas content determination established a standard for the process and safe levels for mining operations to continue.Surveying technology improved from the wire-line,single-shot Eastman survey instruments which was time-dependent on borehole depth to electronic instruments located in the drill string which transmitted accurate survey data to the drilling crew without time delays.This allowed improved directional control and increased drilling rates.Directional drilling technology has now been established as the industry standard to provide effective gas drainage drilling.Exploration was identifed as an additional beneft with directional drilling as it has the ability to provide exploration data from long boreholes.The ability of the technology to provide safe and reliable means to investigate the need for inrush protection and water drainage ahead of mining has been established.Directional drilling technology has now been introduced to the Chinese coal industry for gas drainage through a practice of auditing,design,supply,training and ongoing support.Experienced drilling crews can offer site specifc gas drainage drilling services utilising the latest equipment and technology.

Trajectory Control: Directional MWD Inversely New Wellbore Positioning Accuracy Prediction Method

The deviation control of directional drilling is essentially the controlling of two angles of the wellbore actually drilled, namely, the inclination and azimuth. In directional drilling the bit trajectory never coincides exactly with the planned path, which is usually a plane curve with straight, building, holding, and dropping sections in succession. The drilling direction is of course dependant on the direction of the resultant forces acting on the bit and it is quite a tough job to hit the optimum target at the hole bottom as required. The traditional passive methods for correcting the drilling path have not met the demand to improve the techniques of deviation control. A method for combining wellbore surveys to obtain a composite, more accurate well position relies on accepting the position of the well from the most accurate survey instrument used in a given section of the wellbore. The error in each position measurement is the sum of many independent root sources of error effects. The relationship between surveys and other influential factors is considered, along with an analysis of different points of view. The collaborative work describes, establishes a common starting point of wellbore position uncertainty model, definition of what constitutes an error model, mathematics of position uncertainty calculation and an error model for basic directional service.

Development and Achievements of Drilling Techniques in Sichuan Oil Province

ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄＡｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆＤｒｉｌｌｉｎｇＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｉｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎＯｉｌＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ￥ＸｉａＳｈｕｍｉｎｇａｎｄＣｈｅｎｇＣｈａｎｇｘｉｕ（ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍＡｄｉｎｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ...

Preparation of Nano-Modified Polyacrylamide and Its Application on Solid-Liquid Separation in Waste Drilling Mud

To satisfy the requirement on solid-liquid separation in high-density waste drilling mud, prepare the nano-modified polyacrylamide(PAM) flocculant for high density waste drilling mud by in-situ dispersion method, direct dispersion method and simultaneous formation method. The result showed the flocculent effect of nano-modified polyacrylamide prepared by simultaneous formation method was the best. When the content of water glass and acrylamide(AM) were respectively 3% and 15% , reaction temperature was 60?C and reaction time was 3h, the performance of product was the best. The water content in filter cake was 24.32% after the waste drilling mud disposed by the optimization flocculant. The flocculent effect of optimization flocculant was superior to that of other flocculant in market.

Analysis on Well Drilling Example of Deepwater Block in the Gulf of Mexico

With the innovation and development of offshore oil drilling technology, drilling wells in deep waters areas have become an important activity for the development of new hydrocarbon reservoirs in this type of environment. CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation) won the rights to exploit two unexplored deepwater blocks in the Gulf of Mexico, in a bid realized by the Mexican Government (CNH), in 2016. The challenge to combine the newest technology with the oil industry experienced knowledge to lead the exploration and development of these deep-water blocks in Mexico is around the corner. Therefore, the basic techniques for deep waters wells drilling and the main potential risks are expounded in this paper. A set of deep waters wells drilling processes and methodologies are previously designed, and a specific case is demonstrated next, which provides a referential model for deep waters wells drilling in the Gulf of Mexico.

Surface settlement induced by horizontal directional drilling

Horizontal directional drilling(HDD)is a widely used trenchless method for underground utility connections.The associated ground settlement triggered by HDD depends on the size,types,and surface texture of pipe,diameter of borehole,and soil conditions.The pre-sent study investigates the surface settlement due to the construction of a 1067 mm diameter HDD,which will replace an existing sewer siphon under the SR-60 highway in Chino,California using empirical,and numerical methods.Based on the results obtained from the subsurface investigation,an empirical analysis was conducted first.followed by numerical modeling of the HDD using PLAXIS 2D soft-ware.A careful comparison between two different methods indicated closer values of surface settlement between the empirical method(7.3 mm)and the numerical modeling(4.6 mm).In addition,the shape of surface settlement and horizontal settlement curves for the empirical and numerical methods was found to be similar.The minor discrepancy between the two methods resulted as the numerical model can host several soil layers whereas the empirical equation can use only one type of soil.Finally,a parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effect of borehole cover depth,size,and soil parameters on surface settlement.It was observed that soil strength param-eters yielded a greater effect on surface movement,whereas modulus of elasticity has a relatively smaller influence with zero contribution from Poisson’s ratio.

深层、超深层定向钻井中若干基础研究进展与展望

深层、超深层定向钻井具有“垂深大与水平延伸远”的双重特征,受到复杂地层、高温高压、超长裸眼等多重因素约束,其安全高效作业面临着更大的全方位技术挑战。为此,着眼于深层、超深层定向钻井的提速提效问题,系统总结了定向钻井的发展概况与技术特点,选取了深层、超深层定向钻井中力学方面的几个重要基础问题,分析了国内外专家学者的相关研究进展和最新研究成果,最后展望了深层、超深层定向钻井基础理论研究发展趋势并提出相关建议。研究结果表明:①大小偏差融合控制算法兼顾了井眼轨迹的控制精度、光滑度等多目标约束,适应于深层、超深层条件下井眼轨迹实时控制要求;②合理优化振动减阻工具个数、安放位置及其激励力幅值,可显著降低井下管柱摩阻,并有效提高机械钻速;③基于误差补偿机制的机械钻速融合预测模型既保留了机理模型的可解释性,又具有较高的预测精度;④套管复合磨损预测模型突破了经典“单月牙”模式的局限性,实现了复合模式下套管磨损形状与深度的同步预测。结论认为,深层、超深层定向井和水平井是未来油气井工程的重要发展方向之一,需要加强多因素耦合机理、钻井延伸极限、机理与数据融合驱动等方面的基础研究,以推动复杂油气井工程基础理论的创新与发展,为深层、超深层钻井工程技术进步提供必要的基础理论支撑。

煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划算法

煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划过程中存在机身体积约束和实际场景下的行驶效率需求,而常用的A^(*)算法搜索速度慢、冗余节点多,且规划路径贴近障碍物、平滑性较差。提出一种以改进A^(*)算法规划全局路径、融合动态窗口法(DWA)规划局部路径的煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划算法。考虑定向钻机尺寸影响,在传统A^(*)算法中引入安全扩展策略,即在定向钻机和巷道壁、障碍物之间加入安全距离约束,以提高规划路径的安全性;对传统A^(*)算法的启发函数进行自适应权重优化,同时将父节点的影响加入到启发函数中,以提高全局路径搜索效率;利用障碍物检测原理对经上述改进后的A^(*)算法规划路径剔除冗余节点,并使用分段三次Hermite插值进行二次平滑处理,得到全局最优路径。将改进A^(*)算法与DWA融合,进行煤矿井下定向钻机路径规划。利用Matlab对不同工况环境下定向钻机路径规划算法进行仿真对比分析,结果表明:与Dijkstra算法和传统A^(*)算法相比,改进A^(*)算法在保证安全距离的前提下,加快了搜索速度,搜索时间分别平均减少88.5%和63.2%,且在一定程度上缩短了规划路径的长度,路径更加平滑;改进A^(*)算法与DWA融合算法可有效躲避改进A^(*)算法规划路径上的未知障碍物,路径长度较PRM算法和RRT^(*)算法规划的路径分别平均减小5.5%和2.9%。

全旋转指向式导向钻井工具结构设计与仿真

为了提高全旋转指向式导向钻井工具的设计效率,缩短研发周期,笔者首先设计了该钻井工具的导向执行机构,简化导向执行机构的空间机构模型,通过自由度的计算,得出了该机构具有确定的运动。再对该钻井工具的结构组成和导向原理进行分析,得到了其导向控制方法是通过控制全旋转指向式导向钻井工具的双偏心环和旋转外套的角位移关系,调节其工具角和工具面角,实现导向钻井。最后利用SolidWorks和ADAMS软件对钻井工具虚拟样机进行三维实体建模及运动仿真,仿真结果表明该钻井工具可以实现工具面角(0~360)°和工具角(0~5)°的无级调节,验证了所设计的全旋转指向式导向钻井工具结构和导向原理的可行性,为原理样机的加工奠定了基础。

煤矿液压定向钻机回转器结构设计校核及有限元仿真

以液压定向钻机回转器结构为研究对象,通过分析其传动原理,对其结构进行了设计,同时针对回转器组件开展了选型设计及强度校核,使其符合井下生产作业的需要。最后将回转器及其传动系统进行了有限元仿真分析,从极限载荷及动载效应两个角度出发,验证了所设计回转器的动态特性良好。

复式大蒜种子方向控制装置设计与试验

为提高大蒜播种机对杂交蒜的播种正芽率,提出串联使用大蒜种子重心靠下和大蒜种子芽尖细长特征进行种子方向控制的方法,即在排种器运种阶段设计分段式护种槽,利用大蒜种子重心靠下特征提高种子直立进入定向器的概率,在换向阶段设计弧形开口定向器,使大蒜种子芽尖尽可能露出定向器,提高短芽尖大蒜鳞芽的正芽率。以定向速度和种子芽尖长度为试验因素,正芽率为试验指标,进行台架试验,结果表明,蒜瓣芽尖长度对播种机正芽率影响较为明显,正芽率随定向速度的增加而降低。以金乡杂交蒜为试验对象,对定向系统进行田间播种性能试验,试验结果表明:行走速度为0.14~0.19 m/s时,金乡杂交蒜的正芽率达85%,整体满足大蒜播种农艺要求。串联使用大蒜种子两种物理特征从作业原理上可提高大蒜种子定向稳定性,为大蒜播种机械化发展提供参考。

基于定向钻探技术的深部矿井突水点封堵方案优化

随着矿井开拓深度增加,深部突水点封堵难度高、工程量大等问题日益突出。地面多分支水平定向钻探技术是解决问题的有效手段,施工技术难点主要是井眼轨迹控制、井壁稳定控制和注浆效果提升。基于以上问题,以焦作矿区吴村矿为例,提出突水点的优化封堵方案;采用增加偏心垫块的方法改进螺杆钻具结构,以提高对井眼轨迹的控制;采用钾铵基聚合物钻井液体系优化处理剂配比方案,以改进井壁稳定控制;采用变频调速注浆泵及二次搅拌工艺,以提升注浆效果。结果表明:工程结束后吴村矿井筒水位最大降幅达6.53 m,堵水效果显著。

定向长钻孔瓦斯压力直接测定装置研究与应用

准确测定煤层瓦斯压力,是煤矿制订防治瓦斯措施的依据。对于瓦斯含量整体偏小、局部富集的煤层,采取在煤层底板施工巷道布置穿层钻孔测压的方法,巷道施工费用高、时间长。针对该问题,研制了长钻孔定点密封测压装置,提出了利用定向钻机在煤层施工定向多分支长钻孔,在分支孔内安装密封测压装置进行定点测压的方法,并在陈四楼煤矿开展现场工程试验,测定300 m定向多分支钻孔不同位置的瓦斯压力。结果表明,研制的测压装置结构合理、自动化程度高、性能可靠,利用本装置测定的瓦斯压力与底板巷道同一位置穿层钻孔的测定值相吻合,更接近煤层瓦斯压力实际值,为区域预测煤与瓦斯突出危险性提供了科学、准确的基础资料。

定向深孔探放水技术在平煤五矿的应用

为了解决平煤五矿上层煤采空区积水威胁到下层煤开采的问题,对当前采空区积水空间位置及积水量进行分析,从经济性、合理性以及时间效应三个方面对三种排水方案进行比选,分析了定向深孔探放水技术相较于常规钻孔探放水技术具有的优势,最终确定定向深孔探放水技术为最优方案。基于此,研究了定向深孔探放水技术的设计方案及施工工艺,并进行现场应用试验,同时采用了固安特封孔技术,与传统水泥浆封孔技术相比缩短了88%的封孔时间,累计排放采空区积水量近30000 m^(3),解决了己_(15)-32020采空区水害问题,掩护了巷道安全掘进。

煤矿井下定点注浆工艺研究及装备研究应用

针对定向钻孔施工遇破碎地层成孔深度浅、破碎带塌孔、定向钻进困难等问题,提出了采用定点注浆钻具组合施工破碎地层定点注浆加固的技术方案,介绍了其技术原理,开发了定点注浆位置优选工艺、封隔器坐封与解封工艺、注浆工艺等关键技术,研制开发了裸眼挤堵封隔器、高压密封注浆钻杆和高压送水器等关键钻具设备,形成了成套技术与装备,并在淮南进行了地面实验与现场试验,验证封隔器坐封、爆破和解封可调可控,在朱集东矿1151(3)轨顺6#钻孔中完成定点注浆加固,注浆加固后定向钻进顺利通过破碎带,为施工定向钻孔遇破碎地层提供了一种新的技术手段。

直推钻进钻遇有机污染地层微观特征试验研究

直推钻进技术具有无冲洗介质、速度快、扰动小等优点,但是易受到有机污染场地土体工程性质差异等因素干扰,造成钻孔倾斜等现象。有机污染物会改变土体微观结构,导致土体工程性质发生变化,进而降低直推钻进取样点位精度。选取典型的有机污染物甲苯和四氯乙烯,制备不同污染浓度(甲苯浓度:75、120和672 mg/kg;四氯乙烯浓度:11、53和183 mg/kg)的土样来模拟钻遇的有机污染地层。通过XRD、扫描电镜、接触角和低温氮气吸附脱附试验探究土样在不同有机污染物浓度影响下微观结构的变化规律。SEM图像分析与氮气吸附脱附试验结果表明:甲苯、四氯乙烯对土样的包裹作用和化学破坏作用会让土颗粒团聚、比表面积减小、小孔隙数量明显增多、土体孔体积减小;其中粘粒含量最高为30.28%的2号土样在受672 mg/kg甲苯和183 mg/kg四氯乙烯污染后比表面积分别减小了30.70%和33.40%,Pearson相关系数r=0.382说明粘粒含量与比表面积减小率存在一定的正相关性。由于非极性分子甲苯、四氯乙烯对土颗粒的包裹作用,隔绝了土样的亲水性基团,导致土样亲水性变差、接触角增大。本研究表明有机污染物会导致土体微观特征的改变,最终会导致有机污染地层非均质性增强,进而会对直推钻进轨迹产生影响。