Effect of the high-power electromagnetic pulses on the reactivity of the coal-water slurry in hot environment

An effect of the high-power electromagnetic pulses onto the droplet of coal-water slurry inside the furnace was investigated.In contrary to the previously investigated laser-induced fuel atomization that occurs at the room temperature,the pre-heated(to 400 K)slurry becomes dry enough to prevent the explosion-like steam formation.Thus,fuel does not atomize and the ignition does not accelerate.Furthermore,the absorption of several laser pulses leads to evident sintering of irradiated surface with following increase of the ignition delay time for up to 24%.Variation of the pulse energy in range 48-118 mJ(corresponding intensity up to 2.4 J·cm^-2)leads to certain variation of the increase of ignition delay.The strong pulsed overheating of the coal water slurry which does not initiate the fine atomization of the fuel generally makes its ignition longer.

Inverter power supply system for high-power twin-wire pulsed GMAW

A type of novel inverter power supply system for high-power twin-wire pulsed gas metal arc welding （GMAW） is presented mainly for dealing with the disadvantages of the conventional power supply for twin-wire pulsed GMA W of which the output power is generally difficult to increase due to limitations of the power of semiconductors and the power density of magnetic devices. In the power supplies for the master and slave arcs, the digital signal processor （DSP） TMS320F28335 is used to form the DSP- based synergic control system for parallel high-power pulsed GMA W, which achieves high-power output of two parallel inverters controlled by a single DSP ; master-slave communication is achieved by using e controller area network （eCAN）module of DSP, thas realizing anti-phase pulse output of high-power twin-wire pulsed GMA W and reducing the interference between twin arcs. The experiment results demonstrate that the designed inverter power supply system for high-power twin-wire pulsed GMAW can bring about high-power efficiency of welding, stable welding process and proper formation of welds.

A Symplectic Method of Numerical Simulation on Local Buckling for Cylindrical Long Shells under Axial Pulse Loads

In this paper,the local buckling of cylindrical long shells is discussed under axial pulse loads in a Hamiltonian system.Using this system,critical loads and modes of buckling of shells are reduced to symplectic eigenvalues and eigensolutions respectively.By the symplectic method,the solution of the local buckling of shells can be employed to the expansion series of symplectic eigensolutions in this system.As a result,relationships between critical buckling loads and other factors,such as length of pulse load,thickness of shells and circumferential orders,have been achieved.At the same time,symmetric and unsymmetric buckling modes have been discuss.Moreover,numerical results show that modes of post-buckling of shells can be Bamboo node-type,bending type,concave type and so on.Research in this paper provides analytical supports for ultimate load prediction and buckling failure assessment of cylindrical long shells under local axial pulse loads.

Evaluation of a Pulse Width Modulated Bypass Nozzle for the Development of a Variable Load Residential Oil Burner

Due to the need for energy conservation in buildings and the simultaneous benefit of cost savings, the development of a low firing rate load modulating residential oil burner is very desirable. One of the two main requirements of such a burner is the development of a burner nozzle that is able to maintain the particle size distribution of the fuel spray in the desirable (small) size range for efficient and stable combustion. The other being the ability to vary the air flow rate and air distribution around the fuel nozzle in the burner for optimal combustion at the current fuel firing rate. In this paper, which deals with the first requirement, we show that by using pulse width modulation in the bypass channel of a commercial off-the-shelf bypass nozzle, this objective can be met. Here we present results of spray patterns and particle size distribution for a range of fuel firing rates. The results show that a desirable fuel spray pattern can be maintained over a fuel firing rate turndown ratio (Maximum Fuel Flow Rate/Minimum Fuel Flow Rate) of 3.7. Thus here we successfully demonstrate the ability to electronically vary the fuel firing rate by more than a factor of 3 while simultaneously maintaining good atomization.

Compact intense electron-beam accelerators based on high energy density liquid pulse forming lines

This paper provides a review of the compact intense electron-beam accelerators (IEBAs) based on liquid pulse forming lines (PFLs) that havebeen developed at the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) in China. The history and roadmap of the compact IEBAs used todrive high-power microwave (HPM) devices at NUDT are reviewed. The properties of both de-ionized water and glycerin as energy storagemedia are presented. Research into the breakdown properties of liquid dielectrics and the desire to maximize energy storage have resulted in theinvention of several coaxial PFLs with different electromagnetic structures, which are detailed in this paper. These high energy density liquidPFLs have been used to increase the performance of IEBA subsystems, based on which the SPARK (Single Pulse Accelerator with spark gaps)and HEART (High Energy-density Accelerator with Repetitive Transformer) series of IEBAs were constructed. This paper also discusses howthese compact IEBAs have been used to drive typical HPM devices and concludes by summarizing the associated achievements and theconclusions that can be drawn from the results.

Investigation on latch-up susceptibility induced by high-power microwave in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor inverter

The latch-up effect induced by high-power microwave（HPM） in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor（CMOS） inverter is investigated in simulation and theory in this paper. The physical mechanisms of excess carrier injection and HPM-induced latch-up are proposed. Analysis on upset characteristic under pulsed wave reveals increasing susceptibility under shorter-width pulsed wave which satisfies experimental data, and the dependence of upset threshold on pulse repetitive frequency（PRF） is believed to be due to the accumulation of excess carriers. Moreover, the trend that HPMinduced latch-up is more likely to happen in shallow-well device is proposed.Finally, the process of self-recovery which is ever-reported in experiment with its correlation with supply voltage and power level is elaborated, and the conclusions are consistent with reported experimental results.

Trends in ultrashort and ultrahigh power laser pulses based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

Since the proof-of-principle demonstration of optical parametric amplification to efficiently amplify chirped laser pulses in 1992, optical parametric chirped pulse amplification（OPCPA） became the most promising method for the amplification of broadband optical pulses. In the meantime, we are witnessing an exciting progress in the development of powerful and ultrashort pulse laser systems that employ chirped pulse parametric amplifiers. The output power and pulse duration of these systems have ranged from a few gigawatts to hundreds of terawatts with a potential of tens of petawatts power level. Meanwhile, the output pulse duration based on optical parametric amplification has entered the range of fewoptical-cycle field. In this paper, we overview the basic principles, trends in development, and current state of the ultrashort and laser systems based on OPCPA, respectively.

Optimization of Short-Pulse GPR Transmit Antenna

By analyzing the current distribution of Bow-Tie antenna used in short-pulse ground penetrating radar, the methods of antenna load and driving are presented in this paper to reduce strength of reflective wave both at antenna end and excitation point. The numerical simulation results show the strength of reflective wave is smaller than ?55 dB comparing with the driving wave when the methods are adopted. Key words short-pulse GPR - resistive loading - finite difference time domain method CLC number TN 820 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49984001)Biography: LI Tai-quan (1961-), male, Ph. D candidate, research direction: antenna model and design

一种多分支Tube-Load人体心血管系统模型及应用

目的研究血管弹性变化对脉搏波速度的影响,可以为基于脉搏波检测的动脉硬化早期筛查提供理论基础。方法在传统Tube-Load模型中引入衰减系数,并且考虑了动脉树的复杂几何结构,构建了一种模拟人体主要动脉的多分支Tube-Load模型,并模拟了动脉弹性模量对脉搏波传播速度的影响。结果模拟所得的各主要动脉压力波形及其各项参数与文献结果相符。研究建立了动脉硬化引起脉搏波速度增加的变化关系曲线。结论本研究采用的多分支Tube-Load模型能够较好地模拟脉搏波在人体主要动脉中的传播及反射,从而揭示动脉弹性模量对脉搏波速度的影响。

High-power femtosecond laser generation from an all-fiber linearly polarized chirped pulse amplifier

An all-fiber high-power linearly polarized chirped pulse amplification(CPA)system is experimentally demonstrated.Through stretching the pulse duration to a full width of approximately 2 ns with two cascaded chirped fiber Bragg gratings(CFBGs),a maximum average output power of 612 W is achieved from a high-gain Yb-doped fiber that has a core diameter of 20μm with a slope efficiency of approximately 68%at the repetition rate of 80 MHz.At the maximum output power,the polarization degree is 92.5%and the M^(2)factor of the output beam quality is approximately 1.29;the slight performance degradations are attributed to the thermal effects in the main amplifier.By optimizing the B-integral of the amplifier and finely adjusting the higher-order dispersion of one of the CFBGs,the pulse width is compressed to 863 fs at the highest power with a compression efficiency of 72%,corresponding to a maximum compressed average power of 440.6 W,single pulse energy of 5.5μJ and peak power of about 4.67 MW.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest average power of a femtosecond laser directly generated from an all-fiber linearly polarized CPA system.

Microstructure and Properties of the Cr–Si–N Coatings Deposited by Combining High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering(HiPIMS) and Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering

The Cr–Si–N coatings were prepared by combining system of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering and pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The Si content in the coating was adjusted by changing the sputtering power of the Si target.By virtue of electron-probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy, the influence of the Si content on the coating composition, phase constituents, deposition rate, surface morphology and microstructure was investigated systematically. In addition, the change rules of micro-hardness, internal stress, adhesion, friction coefficient and wear rate with increasing Si content were also obtained. In this work, the precipitation of silicon in the coating was found.With increasing Si content, the coating microstructure gradually evolved from continuous columnar to discontinuous columnar and quasi-equiaxed crystals; accordingly, the coating inner stress first declined sharply and then kept almost constant. Both the coating hardness and the friction coefficient have the same change tendency with the increase of the Si content, namely increasing at first and then decreasing. The Cr–Si–N coating presented the highest hardness and average friction coefficient for an Si content of about 9.7 at.%, but the wear resistance decreased slightly due to the high brittleness.The above phenomenon was attributed to a microstructural evolution of the Cr–Si–N coatings induced by the silicon addition.

Modified Single Phase SRF d-q Theory Based Controller for DVR Mitigating Voltage Sag in Case of Nonlinear Load

This paper mainly concentrates on design of improved controller and its implementation based on single phase synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT) for Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) compensating voltage sag particularly for nonlinear load. In case of single phase distribution line with nonlinear load, the complexity of controller’s design becomes more serious issue. The present single phase and/or three phase theories applicable to DVR shows poor response to restore voltage sag in case of nonlinear load due to presence of harmonics. Hence restoration of voltage sag in single phase nonlinear load connected system has been a serious concern. Therefore, new controller for DVR has been proposed incorporating effective design concept for fundamental component extraction in case of nonlinear load. The single phase SRFT based main controller for DVR works on two separate closed path viz. feed forward path for quick transient response and feedback path for reducing the steady state error. Moreover, pre-sag mitigation strategy of DVR has been adapted through these two aforementioned paths. Complete design of proposed controller is based on phasor analysis. It also consist of proportional integral (PI) controller to reduce the error in the DC-link voltage during compensation time. The controller performance has been verified in MATLAB Simulink for both types (linear and nonlinear) of load. The results obtained indicates that the proposed controller is effective in its performance.

High-power all-fiber 1.0/1.5μm dual-band pulsed MOPA source

The simultaneous dual-band pulsed amplification is demonstrated from an Er/Yb co-doped fiber（EYDF）, and consequently a high-power all-fiber single-mode 1.0/1.5 μm dual-band pulsed master oscillator power amplifier（MOPA） laser source is realized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, based on one singlegain fiber. The simultaneous outputs at 1061 and 1548 nm of the laser source have the maximum powers of 10.7 and 25.8 W with the pulse widths of 9.5 ps and 2 ns and the pulse repetition rates of 178 and 25 MHz, respectively. This EYDF MOPA laser source is seeded by two separate preamplifier chains operating at 1.0 and 1.5 μm wavebands. The dependence of the laser output powers on the length of the large-mode area EYDF, the ratio of the powers of the two signals launched into the booster amplifier, and the wavelength of the 1 μm seed signal are also investigated experimentally.

Possible Collapse Mode for Slender Reinforced Concrete Plates Subjected to Blast Load

This paper discusses the collapse mode of thin reinforced concrete (RC) plates sub-jected to blast load. To extend the well known plastic-mode method to analyze, not only perfect-plastic plates , but also RC plates, it is needed to investigate the effect of material cracking on the collapse mode because the plate might have been cracked on both upper and lower surface before the plastic-mode fully develops, creating an unexpected type of collapse mode shape. A new fail-ure mode is proposed and verified by numerical analysis in this paper. The new mode is a result of the material cracking and has an un-negligible effect on the reaction mechanism of the RC plate to the blast load.

脉冲负载直流传输方案研究及验证

针对脉冲负载的直流供电线缆周围电磁场、谐振和谐波干扰、电力系统层面稳定性等问题,分别对电缆的不同排布方式,聚焦电磁场、磁力场、电热耦合分析,进行了一系列研究并提出了解决方案,降低了脉冲负载对电缆自身和周围环境的影响,确保了舰船电力系统的稳定可靠运行。

基于虚拟直流电机控制的船舶高频高峰值脉冲负载冲击平抑控制策略研究

高频高峰值脉冲负载对具有弱惯量特性的船舶电力系统呈现较大的功率冲击影响,严重时会造成船舶发电机组振荡停机。针对这一问题,该文首先建立典型脉冲负载的数学模型,研究脉冲负载功率特性及其对船舶电力系统冲击机理。根据研究结果,提出采用超级电容冲击平抑装置平抑脉冲功率。其次,通过分析虚拟直流电机(VDG)运行机理,确定通过VDG控制提升双向DC-DC变换器惯量的可行性。基于以上研究,推导双向DC-DC变换器的小信号模型及系统传递函数,分析虚拟转动惯量及虚拟阻尼对平抑装置稳定性的影响。然后,提出一种适用于脉冲负载稳态运行和暂态突变的平抑装置控制策略。最后,基于RT Box 3半实物仿真平台,搭建了具有平抑装置的船舶电力系统模型,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

西北核技术研究所强脉冲辐射模拟装置近年发展综述

西北核技术研究所是我国强脉冲辐射环境建设的主体单位,成立至今自主成功研制了一系列大型辐射模拟装置,形成了具有我国自主特色的辐射环境模拟体系和技术体系。近10年来,随着应用需求的持续拓展,西北核技术研究所在辐射模拟装置及其技术方面取得了新突破。本文重点介绍了西北核技术研究所近年新建成的大型强脉冲辐射模拟装置,包括大面积脉冲γ射线试验装置“云光一号”、4 MV脉冲X射线闪光照相装置“剑光二号”及强脉冲X射线试验装置等,分析了感应电压叠加、快脉冲直线变压器、多型射线负载等方面取得的最新技术进展,提出了未来强脉冲辐射模拟装置建设及其关键技术发展的初步设想。

一种L波段300W GaN脉冲功率模块

随着第三代半导体GaN器件技术的不断发展,GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)在电子系统中逐步得到了广泛应用。研制了一款小型化L波段300 W GaN脉冲功率模块。研发了满足高压脉冲工作条件的GaN HEMT芯片,采用负载牵引技术进行了器件大信号阻抗参数提取,并以此为基础设计了小型化匹配网络进行阻抗变换。基于高压驱动芯片和开关器件芯片设计了小型化高压脉冲调制电路。测试结果表明,在工作频率990~1130 MHz、工作电压50 V、脉冲宽度100μs、占空比10%下,功率模块脉冲输出功率大于300 W,功率附加效率大于53%,功率增益大于38 dB。功率模块尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×8 mm。

结构刚塑性动力解的弹性补偿

近年来,我国学者以膜力因子法和饱和分析方法相结合为理论工具,对梁、板等结构件在脉冲载荷作用下的塑性大变形行为作了全面深入的研究,为脉冲加载下结构的最终挠度提供了优于历史上各种刚塑性近似解的最佳刚塑性预测公式。然而,由于实际工程应用中金属结构弹塑性动力响应的复杂性和数值模拟的局限性,与考虑材料弹性效应的结果相比,刚塑性解对脉冲加载下结构所预测的最终挠度的误差有多大,是一个亟待解决的关键问题。对这个问题的首阶段研究成果厘清了材料弹性对脉冲加载下结构塑性动态大变形的影响,定量评估了由最佳刚塑性理论解与弹塑性数值模拟得到的最终挠度预测结果之间的差异。在此基础上,提出了补偿弹性效应的策略和方法,即:在已有的最佳刚塑性解预测的挠度基础上添加一个补偿项,将补偿项表达为脉冲载荷强度的效应与结构自身刚度的效应分离的变量函数,并尽量减少待定系数/指数的数量,以求表达式的简洁;根据这些原则在金属结构的主要工程应用领域内选定结构刚度和外载参数的变化范围,对固支梁和固支方板的案例实施拟合与补偿,最后得到了对梁和板增添补偿项后的简单而实用的最终挠度预测公式,其相对误差在3%的范围之内,很适合工程设计应用。文末列表给出了符号与公式的一览,并对梁和方板的结果作了综合和比较。

基于模糊PID控制的同步发电机带脉冲负载系统研究

同步发电机带脉冲负载系统中,脉冲负载的周期性突变会导致机端电压的波动,为此本文提出了一种模糊PID控制励磁电压的策略。该策略通过控制励磁电压从而对机端电压进行控制,能够有效避免机端电压波动较大的问题,并提高系统的响应速度和可靠性。基于MATLAB/Simulink进行了建模仿真,仿真结果与预期相符,验证了控制策略的可行性。