Integration optimization of novel electric power steering system based on quality engineering theory

The dynamic model of a novel electric power steering （EPS） system integrated with active front steering function （the novel EPS system） is built. The concepts and quantitative expressions of the steering road feel, steering sensibility, and steering operation stability are introduced. Based on quality engineering theory, the optimization algorithm is proposed by integrating the Monte Carlo descriptive sampling, elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA-II） and 6-sigma design method. With the steering road feel and the steering portability as optimization targets, the system parameters are optimized by the proposed optimization algorithm. The simulation results show that the system optimized based on quality engineering theory can improve the steering road feel, guarantee steering stability and steering portability and thus provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the novel electric power steering system.

PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC POWER STEERING INTEGRATED WITH ACTIVE FRONT STEERING FUNCTION

The dynanaic model of a novel electric power steering（EPS） system integrated with active front steer- ing function and the three-freedom steering model are built. Based on these models, the concepts and the quanti- tative expressions of road feel, sensitivity, and operation stability of the steering are introduced. Then, according to constrained optimization features of multi-variable function, a genetic algorithm is designed. Making the road feel of the steering as optimization objective, and operation stability and sensitivity of the steering as constraints, the system parameters are optimized by the genetic and the coordinate rotation algorithms. Simulation results show that the optimization of the novel EPS system by the genetic algorithm can effectively improve the road feel, thus providing a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the novel EPS system.

H∞ control of novel active steering integrated with electric power steering function

Based on the traditional active steering system, a novel active steering system integrated with electric power steering function was introduced, which can achieve the functions of both active steering and electric power steering. In view of the interference from road random signal and sensor noise in the novel active steering system, the H∞ control model of the novel active steering system was built. With satisfying steering feel, good robust performance and steering stability being the control objectives, the H∞ controller for the novel active front steering (AFS) system was designed. The simulation results show that the novel AFS system with H∞ control strategy can attenuate the road interference quickly, and there is no resonance peak in the bode diagram. It can make the driver obtain more useful information in the low frequency range, and attenuate the road interference better in the high frequency range, thus the driver can get more satisfying road feeling. Therefore, the designed H∞ controller can synthesize the advantages of both robust performance and robust stability, and has certain contribution to the design of novel AFS system.

Multi-objective optimization of active steering system with force and displacement coupled control

A novel active steering system with force and displacement coupled control(the novel AFS system) was introduced,which has functions of both the active steering and electric power steering.Based on the model of the novel AFS system and the vehicle three-degree of freedom system,the concept and quantitative formulas of the novel AFS system steering performance were proposed.The steering road feel and steering portability were set as the optimizing targets with the steering stability and steering portability as the constraint conditions.According to the features of constrained optimization of multi-variable function,a multi-variable genetic algorithm for the system parameter optimization was designed.The simulation results show that based on parametric optimization of the multi-objective genetic algorithm,the novel AFS system can improve the steering road feel,steering portability and steering stability,thus the optimization method can provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the novel AFS system.

Performance optimization of electric power steering based on multi-objective genetic algorithm

The vehicle model of the recirculating ball-type electric power steering (EPS) system for the pure electric bus was built. According to the features of constrained optimization for multi-variable function, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) was designed. Based on the model of system, the quantitative formula of the road feel, sensitivity, and operation stability of the steering were induced. Considering the road feel and sensitivity of steering as optimization objectives, and the operation stability of steering as constraint, the multi-objective GA was proposed and the system parameters were optimized. The simulation results show that the system optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm has better road feel, steering sensibility and steering stability. The energy of steering road feel after optimization is 1.44 times larger than the one before optimization, and the energy of portability after optimization is 0.4 times larger than the one before optimization. The ground test was conducted in order to verify the feasibility of simulation results, and it is shown that the pure electric bus equipped with the recirculating ball-type EPS system can provide better road feel and better steering portability for the drivers, thus the optimization methods can provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the recirculating ball-type EPS system.

An open-end high-power microwave-induced fracturing system for hard rock

Microwave pre-treatment is considered as a promising technique for alleviating cutter wear. This paper introduces a high-power microwave-induced fracturing system for hard rock. The test system consists of a high-power microwave subsystem (100 kW), a true triaxial testing machine, a dynamic monitoring subsystem, and an electromagnetic shielding subsystem. It can realize rapid microwave-induced fracturing, intelligent tuning of impedance, dynamic feedback under strong microwave fields, and active control of microwave parameters by addressing the following issues: the instability and insecurity of the system, the discharge breakdown between coaxial lines during high-power microwave output, and a lack of feedback of rock-microwave response. In this study, microwave-induced surface and borehole fracturing tests under true triaxial stress were carried out. Experimental comparisons imply that high-power microwave irradiation can reduce the fracturing time of hard rock and that the fracture range (160 mm) of a 915-MHz microwave source is about three times that of 2.45 GHz. After microwave-induced borehole fracturing, many tensile cracks occur on the rock surface and in the borehole: the maximum reduction of the P-wave velocity is 12.8%. The test results show that a high-power microwave source of 915 MHz is more conducive to assisting mechanical rock breaking and destressing. The system can promote the development of microwave-assisted rock breaking equipment.

Primary studies on integration optimization of differential steering of electric vehicle with motorized wheels based on quality engineering

The model of the differential steering system(DSS) of electric vehicle with motorized wheels and the three-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of vehicle are built.Based on these models,the concepts and quantitative expressions of steering road feel,steering portability and steering stability are proposed.Through integrating the Monte Carlo descriptive sampling,elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II) and Taguchi robust design method,the system parameters are optimized with steering road feel and steering portability as optimization targets,and steering stability and steering portability as constraints.The simulation results show that the system optimized based on quality engineering can improve the steering road feel,guarantee steering stability and steering portability and thus provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the electric vehicle with motorized wheels system.

四川盆地深层页岩气钻井关键技术新进展及发展展望

四川盆地页岩气资源丰富,目前深层页岩气已成为该盆地天然气增储上产的重点领域,但随着埋深增加和构造背景变化,地质工程条件将更加复杂,钻井过程中将面临井漏风险高、井下工具高温易失效、水平井轨迹控制难度大等技术难题。为此,在系统分析已完钻井实钻数据的基础上,依据深层页岩气区块地质工程特征,系统梳理了影响安全优快钻井的关键技术难点,形成了以地质工程一体化导向技术、钻井提速技术、防漏治漏与复杂防治技术为主体的深层页岩气安全优快钻井关键技术系列。研究结果表明:(1)以精细地质建模优选地质工程“双甜点”、实时靶体追踪为主的地质工程一体化导向技术,实现了地质目标的精准优选和精确追踪;(2)以“高效PDC钻头选型+个性化优化+大扭矩螺杆”高效破岩技术、“MSE+CCS”参数实时优化技术、油基钻井液地面降温+高温旋转导向技术为主的钻井提速技术,实现了页岩气钻井提速提效;(3)以井壁稳定性评价、裂缝性漏层识别、井漏与复杂防治为主的复杂防治技术,从源头降低了井下漏失和卡钻风险。结论认为:(1)形成的深层页岩气安全优快钻井技术,显著提高了机械钻速和铂金靶体钻遇率,在现场规模化推广应用200余口井,单井平均钻井周期降低42.7%,钻井提速效果显著,有力支撑了深层页岩气效益规模开发;(2)深层页岩气钻井将聚焦“地质工程一体化、水平段一趟钻、防漏治漏及智能钻井决策”等方面的技术攻关。

四轮转向干预下电动助力转向控制策略研究

四轮转向(4WS)车辆相较于前轮转向(FWS)车辆具有更高的灵活性,其后轮转向在提高车辆操稳性的同时转向阻力矩也发生变化,使得原电动助力转向系统助力策略与四轮转向车辆不匹配,对行车安全产生影响.本文以线性二自由度车辆模型为基础,对比分析了前轮转向车辆与四轮转向车辆的转向特性,提出电动助力转向修正控制策略.仿真结果表明,角阶跃工况下,有助力修正的四轮转向车辆,驾驶员操纵方向盘力矩与驾驶前轮转向车辆基本一致,既保证了四轮转向车辆低速时的操纵轻便性,也兼顾了高速时的操纵稳定性.

夏子街油田X50区块随钻地层边界探测工具应用

夏子街油田X50井区受构造复杂影响,水平井钻井过程中出现钻入储层上部或者下部低钻速泥岩中造成井壁不稳定、卡钻、水平段井斜调整困难、追不到目的层而导致侧钻等问题。针对存在问题,斯伦贝谢公司结合本区块地质及储层的电阻率特征,进行旋转导向配合边界探测工具的可行性研究。边界探测工具探测深度较深,是具有方向性测量的随钻电磁感应测井工具,应用实时导向软件对测量参数进行反演,估算出工具到地层边界的距离以及地层边界的延伸方向。现场实践表明,在第一口水平井SP-2井侧钻过程中,使用边界探测工具能够提前预判储层顶和底部泥岩的位置,并根据轨迹与边界的距离进行实时调整,避免钻遇泥岩,机械钻速提升近两倍,储层钻遇率达100%,减少了循环和决策时间,提高了钻井效率。SP-2井侧钻成功为后期新区开发提供了技术保障,也为实现工程地质一体化奠定了基础。

无人车U型转向路况的轨迹规划与控制研究

针对无人车在双向单车道下的U型转向场景,基于空间分布关系与正反梯形加速度提出一种U型转向轨迹规划方法。该方法首先结合车辆空间分布特征规划出一条U型转向轨迹,并采用线性插值方法平滑该轨迹;然后,采用正反梯形的侧向加速度规划方法,通过设计多目标函数,求出侧向加速度和侧向加速度变化率的最优解;最后,提出一种基于车辆空间分布关系的改进Stanley控制算法,并通过在输入函数中添加稳态误差惩罚项使轨迹误差收敛于0。仿真结果表明:相比于Stanley控制算法,该控制方法在不同初始车速下最大横向轨迹误差与最大航向角误差均有改善。驾驶员在环试验结果表明:该方法可以有效地完成U形转向。

基于磁弹效应的电动舵机压力传感器设计

为了实现对电动舵机的电动缸输出轴压力的动态测量,该文设计并实现了一种基于磁弹效应的非接触式压力传感器,它包括传感器探头和信号处理电路两部分。该文首先从磁致伸缩的理论模型中分析并建立了传感器的测量原理,设计了传感器探头的结构。为优化激励源,通过实验研究分析了不同的激励源对传感器信号的影响,结果表明采用105 kHz、幅值为5 V的方波作为激励源时传感器输出信号最优,并以此设计了传感器信号电路。通过对传感器整体的压力标定实验得到传感器灵敏度为0.294 mV/N,重复性误差为3.53%,在运用三阶多项式拟合对传感器输入输出曲线进行校正后得到传感器的非线性误差为1.76%,适用于承压较大的电动缸输出轴及其他大重量设备的动态压力测量。

基于主动后轮转向的车辆稳定性控制策略

为实现四轮轮毂电机驱动车辆的操纵稳定性控制,提出了主动后轮转向和附加横摆力矩复合控制策略。针对高速行驶转向灵敏度大的问题,对前后轮转向比进行优化。策略采用分层式控制框架,上层基于线性时变模型预测控制算法,建立了四轮轮毂驱动车辆时变预测模型,推导和跟踪包含后轮转向系统的理想输出轨迹,并计算了跟踪理想状态轨迹所需附加力和力矩。下层通过求解四轮转矩分配优化问题,实现了滑移率阈值控制,解决了再生制动和机械制动的分配问题。仿真结果表明,提出的复合控制策略能够达到预期控制效果,改良了车辆横纵向稳定性。

差动转向无人车轨迹跟踪和车身姿态控制研究

针对分布式驱动无人车转向时车身在离心力作用下外倾,引起内侧车轮载荷减小,严重时会导致差动转向失效乃至车辆侧翻等问题,提出了一种差动转向无人车的轨迹跟踪和车身姿态控制方法;该控制方法可通过差动转向实现无人车轨迹跟踪,同时通过主动悬架实现转向时车身主动内倾来保证差动转向有效性,提高了无人车的操纵稳定性。建立考虑侧倾因素的车辆模型及参考模型,通过分数阶单点预瞄驾驶员模型得到了参考模型跟踪期望路径所需的参考前轮转角;基于此,设计了H_(∞)鲁棒控制器,通过控制差动转向无人车的横摆角速度和车身内倾角,分别跟踪参考模型提供的参考值,得到了所需的差动力矩及左右侧主动悬架控制力。研究结果表明:所设计的分数阶单点预瞄驾驶员模型和H_(∞)鲁棒控制器能有效保证差动转向无人车实现轨迹跟踪,同时实现了车身姿态控制。

M_(S)6.8级泸定地震作用下大渡河工程边坡变形响应分析

安装GNSS变形监测点的某大渡河左岸工程边坡经历了2022年“9·5”泸定地震(主震)及其余震事件,为揭示地震作用下工程边坡变形响应规律及原因提供了宝贵数据。在梳理地震背景及其灾害的基础之上,整理并分析了边坡碎石土与基岩上监测点的变形历时数据,得到了如下主要发现:在主震激发下,碎石土的水平变形量变化过程总体呈S型,先后出现了震前平稳段、震后增长段与震后收敛段,且震后增长段碎石土的水平变形量增幅可达20 mm;震级比主震小的余震在震后收敛段并未对碎石土的水平变形量造成显著实质性影响,与声发射现象中的“凯赛尔效应”极相似;主震激发了碎石土的水平变形方向由北偏东8.5°快速大幅增加至北偏东30.5°,但这种对碎石土层水平变形方向的改变具有弹性可恢复性;地震作用下边坡碎石土的水平变形响应比基岩的水平变形响应更显著,分析认为岩性与坡度的差异是两者水平变形响应差异的主要原因;边坡碎石土与基岩的竖向变形以及基岩水平变形在地震作用下并无显著变化,最新变形数据表明监测点处边坡处于相对稳定状态。鉴于复杂因素对边坡的潜在不利影响,还应基于多源监测数据开展边坡的动态稳定性分析判断。研究成果可为地震时边坡安全施工与灾害风险防控提供一定参考。

泊车过程中车辆转向状态的分段位姿估计方法

针对泊车过程中转向系统非线性因素影响车辆位姿估计准确度的问题,提出了一种基于车辆转向状态的分段位姿估计方法,提高自动泊车过程中的车辆位姿估计精度。首先,通过试验对车辆运动学航迹推算法定位的误差来源进行分析,确定了转向过程的非线性因素对泊车过程中车辆位姿计算准确度的影响;其次,设计了基于车辆转向状态的分段位姿估计模型,使用LSTM对转向状态进行实时分类,分别训练混合模型进行位姿估计,并对分类结果与位姿估计结果进行后验修正;再次,构建泊车工况车辆横纵向位移数据集,基于数据集对所建模型进行训练和离线测试;最后,利用Python搭建在线测试平台,对模型进行位姿估计测试,并开展对比试验。试验结果表明:该方法能够将泊车过程中的车辆欧式距离误差控制在10 cm以内,航向角误差控制在1°以内。基于车辆转向状态的分段位姿估计方法研究,可以有效提高泊车过程中的车辆位姿估计精度,并具有较高的实时性和较好的鲁棒性。

自动紧急转向工况下驾驶员离位响应的一体化仿真研究

为了探究自动紧急转向过程中驾驶员的动态响应,采用主动安全技术和被动安全防护策略相结合的方式,进行特定自动紧急转向场景下驾驶员离位响应的一体化仿真研究.基于模型预测控制算法建立自动紧急转向控制模型,使用PreScan、CarSim和Simulink等软件进行联合仿真,获取车辆在转向过程中的动态响应;结合主动人体模型和驾驶员侧约束系统模型,分析车辆及驾驶员的运动特征以及主动卷收器安全带对驾驶员离位的改善效果.结果表明,在72 km/h的行驶速度下,车辆和驾驶员在纵向换道距离分别为40 m、50 m和60 m的左侧自动紧急转向过程中运动响应分为右倾和左倾两个阶段;右倾阶段车辆横向加速度、侧倾角以及主动人体模型的最大离位量明显高于左倾阶段;随着纵向换道距离的增加,驾驶员头部的最大横向离位量由89.56 mm降低到70.22 mm和53.05 mm;主动卷收器安全带的应用有效改善了驾驶员的离位程度,驾驶员头部最大横向离位量分别降低18.90%、49.56%和67.62%,胸部最大横向离位量分别降低12.70%、41.63%和53.69%,提高了驾驶员在自动紧急转向阶段的安全性.

融合模式决策的4WIS车辆路径规划方法

针对四轮独立转向(four-wheel independent steering,4WIS)车辆的路径规划问题,提出了一种融合模式决策的图搜索算法.首先,对4WIS车辆三种运动模式进行建模,并分析其运动模式的运动特性,据此设计多模式节点拓展策略,实现了4WIS车辆多运动模式与路径规划的融合.然后,针对最优节点选取和运动模式决策问题,设计了多目标代价函数,引导4WIS车辆合理切换运动模式,并生成平滑路径.最后,在MATLAB软件上进行仿真实验,在多种场景中测试所提出算法,验证其可行性与有效性.结果表明:提出的算法在路径规划中考虑了三种运动模式的优化组合与模式切换问题,能实现最优运动模式序列和最短路径规划.且该算法求解效率高,所规划路径优异,能充分发挥4WIS车辆的高灵活性与高通过性,有效解决其路径规划问题.

线控转向系统理想传动比控制策略及优化研究

为设计满足操纵稳定性需求的线控转向系统,提出了可适应不同车速工况的理想传动比控制策略。以稳态横摆角速度增益不变下的传动比为基础,设置低速段、中速段、高速段等3个车速区间;基于参数拟合和定转向增益不变控制法中的稳态横摆角速度增益不变,设计了低速段和中速段的理想传动比,高速段考虑到摩擦特性等非线性因素影响,使用模糊控制设计线控转向系统理想传动比;通过Carsim和Simulink仿真分析了在不同车速下设计理想传动比控制策略的有效性。研究结果表明:在低速段时,车辆转向运动特性明显提高,增强了车辆的转向灵敏性;在中速段时,车辆转向响应跟随性好,且响应速度更快;在高速段时,车辆行驶时的转向稳定性明显提高。

基于ARM的婴幼儿催眠成长智能机器人设计

装置介绍了一种基于ARM的多种智能控制机械臂达到促进婴幼儿睡眠、心理健康成长和缓解母亲压力的效果,其结构由报警单元、烘干装置、机械臂仿真装置、摄像单元、温湿度及压力采集单元、光电传感器、婴儿床等组成。该装置由手机APP手动或自动的对六个舵机全方位的精准控制,使机械臂可以多姿态的运转并呈现仿真人手臂摇摆姿势的循环,机械臂外壳采用热感的慢回弹材料,高度仿真人手臂,为婴儿提供柔和真实的支撑。设计新颖、安全且性能强。