Fabrication of High-power White LEDs and White Light Uniformity Testing

As the blue and yellow lights are complementary colors, a blue InGaN LED chip is coated by a yellow phosphor film to generate white light based on luminescence conversion mechanism. The emitted light of a blue LED is used as the primary source for exciting fluorescent material such as cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet with the formula Y3Al5O12∶Ce3+(in short: YAG∶Ce3+). The matching of the spectrum of the blue LED chips and the YAG∶Ce3+ yellow phosphor is studied to improve the conversion efficiency. The packaging methods and manufacturing processes for high-power single-chip-white-LEDs are introduced. The uniformity of the output white light is investigated. Based on the characteristics of the high-power white LEDs, some approaches and processes are suggested to improve the light uniformity when they are fabricated. The effectiveness of those approaches on the improvement of LEDs is discussed in detail and some interesting conclusions are also presented.

Biphasic (Lu,Gd)_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)-based transparent nanoceramic color converters for high-power white LED/LD lighting

Ce doped Lu_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(Ce:LuAG)transparent ceramics are considered as promising color converters for solid-state lighting because of their excellent luminous efficiency,high thermal quenching temperature,and good thermal stability.However,Ce:LuAG ceramics mainly emit green light.The shortage of red light as well as the expensive price of Lu compounds are hindering their application for white lighting.In this work,transparent(Lu,Gd)_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)–Al_(2)O_(3)(LuGAG–Al_(2)O_(3))nanoceramics with different replacing contents of Gd^(3+)(10%–50%)were successfully elaborated via a glass-crystallization method.The obtained ceramics with full nanoscale grains are composed of the main LuGAG crystalline phase and secondary Al_(2)O_(3) phase,exhibiting eminent transparency of 81.0%@780 nm.After doping by Ce^(3+),the Ce:LuGAG–Al_(2)O_(3) nanoceramics show a significant red shift(510 nm→550 nm)and make up for the deficiency of red light component in the emission spectrum.The Ce:LuAG–Al_(2)O_(3) nanoceramics with 20%Gd^(3+)show high internal quantum efficiency(81.5%in internal quantum efficiency(IQE),96.7%of Ce:LuAG–Al_(2)O_(3) nanoceramics)and good thermal stability(only 9%loss in IQE at 150℃).When combined with blue LED chips(10 W),0.3%Ce:LuGAG–Al_(2)O_(3) nanoceramics with 20%Gd^(3+)successfully realize the high-quality warm white LED lighting with a color coordinate of(0.3566,0.435),a color temperature of 4347 K,CRI of 67.7,and a luminous efficiency of 175.8 lm·W^(−1).When the transparent 0.3%Ce:LuGAG–Al_(2)O_(3) nanoceramics are excited by blue laser(5 W·mm^(−2)),the emission peak position redshifts from 517 to 570 nm,the emitted light exhibits a continuous change from green light to yellow light,and then to orange-yellow light,and the maximum luminous efficiency is up to 234.49 lm·W^(−1)(20%Gd^(3+)).Taking into account the high quantum efficiency,good thermal stability,and excellent and adjustable luminous properties,the transparent Ce:LuGAG–Al_(2)O_(3) nanoceramics with different Gd^(3+)substitution contents in this paper are believed to be promising candidates for high-power white LED/LD lighting.

Efficient spectral regulation in Ce:Lu_(3)(Al,Cr)_(5)O_(12) and Ce:Lu_(3)(Al,Cr)_(5)O_(12)/Ce:Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12) transparent ceramics with high color rendering index for high-power white LEDs/LDs

Realizing a high color rendering index(CRI)in Ce:LuAG transparent ceramics(TCs)with desired thermal stability is essential to their applications in white LEDs/LDs as color converters.In this study,based on the scheme of configuring the red component by Cr^(3+) doping,an efficient spectral regulation was realized in Ce,Cr:LuAG TCs.A unilateral shift phenomenon could be observed in both photoluminescence(PL)and photoluminescence excitation(PLE)spectra of TCs.By constructing TC-based white LED/LD devices in a remote excitation mode,luminescence properties of Ce,Cr:LuAG TCs were systematically investigated.The CRI values of Ce:LuAG TC based white LEDs could be increased by a magnitude of 46.2%.Particularly,by combining the as fabricated Ce,Cr:LuAG TCs with a 0.5 at% Ce:YAG TC,surprising CRI values of 88 and 85.5 were obtained in TC based white LEDs and LDs,respectively.Therefore,Ce,Cr:LuAG TC is a highly promising color convertor for high-power white LEDs/LDs applied in general lighting and displaying.

Tunable Emission and Energy Transfer of the Novel KY_(1-x)(MoO_(4))_(2-y)(WO_(4))y:xLn^(3+)(Ln^(3+)=Dy^(3+),Eu^(3+),and Tm^(3+))Single-phase White Luminescence Phosphor for White LEDs

The phosphors of KY_(1-x)(MoO_(4))_(2-y)(WO_(4))y:xLn^(3+)(Ln^(3+)=Tm^(3+),Dy^(3+),Eu^(3+))were synthesized by using a sol-gel method.Then,the crystal structure,luminescence properties,energy transfer,and white emission of the prepared materials were researched.The molar ratio of the anion group on the photoluminescence(PL)emission and excitation intensity were investigated,revealing that the optimum intensity could be obtained by using=3:1.The optimal Dy^(3+) doping concentration of KY(MoO_(4))1.5(WO4)0.5was obtained.In addition,the color-tunable emissions of Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)-codoped KY(MoO_(4))1.5(WO4)0.5phosphors were observed because of the effective energy transfer(ET)from Dy^(3+)to Eu^(3+)ions.Finally,by doping appropriate concentrations of Tm^(3+),Dy^(3+),and Eu^(3+)and different concentrations of(WO_(4))^(2-),white light emitting phosphors KY_(0.92)(WO_(4))2:0.01Tm^(3+),0.06Dy^(3+),0.01Eu^(3+)with excellent color-rending properties were obtained.The chromaticity coordinate was calculated as(x=0.3238,y=0.3173),closing to the artificial daylight(D65,x=0.313,y=0.329)illuminant,and which indicates the potential application of near ultraviolet White light-emitting diodes(WLEDs).

Study on High-power LED Heat Dissipation Based on Printed Circuit Board

In order to study the role of printed circuit board(PCB)in high-power LED heat dissipation,a simple model of high-power LED lamp was designed.According to this lamp model,some thermal performances such as thermal resistances of four types of PCB and the changes of LED junction temperature were tested under three different working currents.The obtained results indicate that LED junction temperature can not be lowered significantly with the decreasing thermal resistance of PCB.However,PCB with low thermal resistance can be matched with smaller volume heat sink,so it is hopeful to reduce the size,weight and cost of LED lamp.

Theoretical Modeling of Luminous Efficacy for High-Power White Light-Emitting Diodes

The photometric characteristics of high-power white light-emitting diode （LED） devices are investigated. A theoretical model for the luminous efficacy o[ high-power white LED devices and LED systems is proposed. With the proposed theoretical model, the mechanism of the luminous efficacy decrease is explained. Meanwhile, the model can be used to estimate the luminous efficacy oF LEDs under general operation conditions, such as different operation temperatures and injection currents. The wide validity of the luminous efficacy model is experimentally verified through the measurements of different types of LEDs. The experimental results demonstrate a high estimation accuracy. The proposed models not only can be applied to estimate the LED photometric performance, but also is helpful for reliability research of LEDs.

配体调控CsPbBr_(3)/Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)复合薄膜的合成、发光性能及白光LED应用

全无机CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)钙钛矿纳米晶(PNCs)的合成通常需要高温条件和惰性气体的参与,严重阻碍了其实际应用。本文首先利用2-甲基咪唑配体调控再结晶的方法在室温下成功地制备出具有优异发光性能的双相CsPbBr_(3)/Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)PNCs,然后与多种聚合物结合制备出纳米晶复合薄膜。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见吸收光谱等测试,证明了聚合物中的双相钙钛矿结构,筛选出综合性能优异的CsPbBr_(3)/Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@PDMS和CsPbBr_(3)/Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@EVA复合薄膜,并进行了发光二极管(LED)器件封装。通过Cs4PbBr6 PNCs和聚合物的双重保护,CsPbBr_(3)/Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@PDMS显示出超过80%的荧光量子产率(PLQY),CsPbBr_(3)/Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@EVA的水稳定性和空气稳定性得到了显著提高。最后,将CsPbBr_(3)/Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@EVA复合薄膜成功应用于白光LED器件,其CIE色度坐标为(0.331,0.332),具有标准白光发射。

A Cooling System with a Fan for Thermal Management of High-Power LEDs

To improve the heat dissipation of high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a cooling system with a fan is proposed. In the experiment, the LEDs array of 18 W composed of 6 LEDs of 3 W is used and the room temperature is 26oC. Results show that the temperature of the substrate of LEDs reaches 62oC without the fan, however, it reaches only 32oC when the best cooling condition appears. The temperature of the LEDs decreases by 30oC since the heat produced by LEDs is transferred rapidly by the fan. The experiment demonstrates that the cooling system with the fan has good performance.

稀土发光材料在固体白光LED照明中的应用分析

在节能降耗的大背景下思考节能降耗的方式,并在实践中强调节能措施的具体利用,这对于实现绿色发展有显著意义。现如今,节能已经成为了社会发展的主题,所以探索21世纪新一代的节能光源是有显著价值的。就目前的资料研究来看,固体白光LED照明将会成为21世纪新一代的节能光源,所以思考固体白光LED照明发展实践中需要考虑的问题是非常必要的。我国稀土行业在技术改革与创新中总结出了不少技术和措施,这些技术和措施的利用推动了稀土行业的迅速发展。就目前的研究来看,稀土发光材料在固体白光LED照明中的潜力是巨大的,所以研究稀土发光材料的具体利用是非常必要的。文章对相关的内容做分析与研究,旨在为实践提供参考。

Mini LED载板的白色阻焊标记加工技术探讨

灯珠是LED屏幕中负责发光的元件,灯珠在LED屏幕中按照一定的排列顺序连接,在未点亮的情况下难以识别方向性,组装难度大。采用感光阻焊加工的形式对Mini LED灯珠载板小尺寸阻焊白油块加工技术进行探讨,从材料、设计、工艺等方面进行制程优化调整,研究小尺寸阻焊白油块加工能力,解决小尺寸阻焊白油块因侧蚀引起剥离脱落的问题,在Mini LED灯珠载板小焊盘间增加了一个显著标识点,从而实现在未点亮的情况下灯珠与Mini LED载板组装的方向性标识。

High recorded color rendering performance of single-structured Ce,Mn:Y_(3)(Al,Sc)_(2)Al_(3)O_(12)phosphor ceramics for high-power white LEDs/LDs

Achieving a high color rendering index(CRI)and luminous stability in single-structured Ce:Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(Ce:YAG)phosphor ceramics(PCs)is crucial for high-power white light-emitting diodes or laser diodes(LEDs/LDs).However,cyan valleys and insufficient amounts of the red component in the Ce:YAG emission spectra significantly limit their real applications.In this work,a series of Ce,Mn:Y_(3)(Al,Sc)_(2)Al_(3)O_(12)(Ce,Mn:YSAG)PCs were fabricated by vacuum sintering,and efficient spectral regulation was realized for full-color lighting.The cyan valley was filled by the blueshifted emission peak of Ce^(3+)via Sc^(3+)doping.The orange‒red emission at approximately 580 nm was effectively supplemented via Mn^(2+)doping.In particular,CRI of Ce,Mn:YSAG increased from 56.4 to 85.8,a 52%increase compared with that of Ce:YAG under high-power LED excitation,and the operating temperature was stable at approximately 50℃for long working time.Moreover,CRI of 80.9 could still be obtained for PC-based white LDs.These results indicated that Ce,Mn:YSAG PC,which has excellent CRI and luminous stability,is an extremely promising color convertor for high-power white LEDs/LDs.

LED可见光通信的研究进展

LED以其节能、高效、耐用、绿色、环保等优点受到社会的高度重视,在显示屏、交通信号灯、液晶屏背光、温室补光和日常照明,乃至通信等诸多方面有广泛的应用。本文从LED的原理出发,阐述了白光LED的原理和材料器件进展。针对白光LED在可见光全双工通信中的应用,对LED的光学设计、驱动电路和信道建模进行了讨论,并引用实验进行了验证,最后对LED未来的发展进行了展望。

Luminescent characteristics of Ba_3Y_2(BO_3)_4:Eu^(3+) phosphor for white LED

The Ba3Y2（BO3）4：Eu^3＋ phosphor was synthesized using a high temperature solid-state reaction method and the luminescent characteristics were investigated. The emission spectrum exhibited one strong red emission at 613 nm, corresponding to the electric dipole 5D0-TF2 transition of Eu^3＋, under 365 nm excitation. The excitation spectrum of 613 nm indicated that the Ba3Y2（BO3）n：Eu^3＋ phosphor was effectively excited by ultraviolet （UV） （254, 365 and 400 nm） and blue （470 nm） light. The effect of Eu^3＋ concentration on the 613 nm emission of the Ba3Y2（BO3）n：Eu^3＋ phosphor was measured. The results showed that the emission intensity increased with increasing Eu^3＋ concentration, and then decreased. The CIE color coordinates of Ba3Y2（BO3）4：Eu^3＋ phosphor were x=0.641 and y=0.359 at 15 mol.% Eu^3＋.

Luminescence characteristics of Eu^(2+) activated Ca_2SiO_4,Sr_2SiO_4 and Ba_2SiO_4 phosphors for white LEDs

This paper investigates the luminescence characteristics of Eu2＋ activated Ca2SiO4, Sr2SiO4 and Ba2SiO4 phosphors. Two emission bands are assigned to the f-d transitions of Eu2＋ ions doped into two different cation sites in host lattices, and show different emission colour variation caused by substituting M2＋ cations for smaller cations. This behaviour is discussed in terms of two competing factors of the crystal field strength and covalence. These phosphors with maximum excitation of around 370 nm can be applied as a colour-tunable phosphor for light-emitting diodes （LEDs） based on ultraviolet chip/phosphor technology.

温度波动对LED显示屏白平衡主要参数及图像色调的影响

LED显示屏的图像显示质量一直是显示行业内重点关注的问题,而LED显示屏的白平衡参数决定了其复现和还原的显示图像的亮度和色调,是影响图像显示质量的重要因素。一般情况下,显示屏的白平衡由红、绿、蓝三基色的亮度配平比例确定,而且该配平比例相对稳定;但是对于LED的各个基色来说,环境因素的变化会引起基色参量的变化,从而导致显示屏白平衡的漂移,严重影响图像显示质量。本文基于色度学理论和LED显示特性,构建了特定LED显示颜色空间模型;并在设定颜色空间探究不同温度环境各个基色仅在亮度变化条件下对白平衡参数的影响,重点研究了在温度波动条件下白平衡的漂移规律以及显示图像产生的色调的畸变情况;通过归纳不同波动参数定量分析温度变化对LED显示屏白平衡主要参数的影响,为高清LED显示控制系统提供较有价值的图像修正理论依据,有助于提升高端LED显示产品的显示质量。

Luminescence characteristics of LiCaBO_3:Tb^(3+) phosphor for white LEDs

A novel green phosphor,LiCaBO3:Tb3+,was synthesized by solid state reaction method,its luminescence characteristics were investigated,and the formation of phosphors were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD).Its excitation band extended from 220 to 400 nm,which was coupled well with the emission of UV LED(350-410 nm).It exhibited a strong green emission located at 544 nm with chromatic coordination(0.25,0.58).The emission intensities of LiCaBO3:Tb3+ phosphor were influenced by varying Tb3+ concentratio...

一种白光LED电荷泵电路的设计

白光发光二极管(Light-Emitting Diode,LED)具有体积小、功耗低、发光效率高及寿命长等优点,可以用作中小型便携式电子产品的背光源。设计了一种白光LED电荷泵电路,该电路可以根据实时的电源电压值选择电荷泵的增益模式,在1X/1.5X/2X这3种增益模式中依次切换,且输出电压恒定在设定值,为白光LED的稳定发光提供稳定的驱动电压。进行全电路仿真,结果表明,当电源电压从5.5 V逐渐下降到2.7 V时,输出电压都近似为4.5 V,驱动电流约为20 mA。

白光LED用Mn^(4+)激活氟氧化物红色荧光粉研究进展

近年来,白光LED因其节能、环保、长寿命等优点已成为市场主流照明。高性能红色荧光粉是改善白光LED显色性的重要材料。Mn^(4+)激活氟氧化物红色荧光粉兼具了氟化物的良好发光性能和氧化物的高稳定性,当前已成为了一个研究热点。本文综述了多种以Mn^(4+)为激活剂的氟氧化物红色荧光粉,从晶体场理论以及热猝灭机理的角度出发,分类详述了各荧光粉晶体结构对发光性能的影响关系,以期为改善Mn^(4+)激活氟氧化物荧光粉发光性能提供理论指导。最后总结了Mn^(4+)激活氟氧化物红色荧光粉的优缺点和研究中存在的问题,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Optimization of a GaN-based irregular multiple quantum well structure for a dichromatic white LED

GaN-based irregular multiple quantum well （IMQW） structures assembled two different types of QWs emitting complementary wavelengths for dichromatic white light-emitting diodes （LEDs） are optimized in order to obtain near white light emissions. The hole distributions and spontaneous emission spectra of the IMQW structures are analysed in detail by fully considering the effects of strain, well-coupling, valence band-mixing and polarization effect through employing a newly developed theoretical model from the k. p theory. Several structure parameters such as well material component, well width, layout of the wells and the thickness of harrier between different types of QWs are employed to analyse how these parameters together with the polarization effect influence the electronic and the optical properties of IMQW structure. Numerical results show that uniform hole distributions in different types of QWs are obtained when the number of the QWs emitting blue light is two, the number of the QWs emitting yellow light is one and the barrier between different types of QWs is 8nm in thickness. The near white light emission is realized using GaN-based IMQW structure with appropriate design parameters and injection level.