Application of 9-component S-wave 3D seismic data to study sedimentary facies and reservoirs in a biogasbearing area:A case study on the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation in Taidong area,Sanhu Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China

To solve the problems in restoring sedimentary facies and predicting reservoirs in loose gas-bearing sediment,based on seismic sedimentologic analysis of the first 9-component S-wave 3D seismic dataset of China,a fourth-order isochronous stratigraphic framework was set up and then sedimentary facies and reservoirs in the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation in Taidong area of Qaidam Basin were studied by seismic geomorphology and seismic lithology.The study method and thought are as following.Firstly,techniques of phase rotation,frequency decomposition and fusion,and stratal slicing were applied to the 9-component S-wave seismic data to restore sedimentary facies of major marker beds based on sedimentary models reflected by satellite images.Then,techniques of seismic attribute extraction,principal component analysis,and random fitting were applied to calculate the reservoir thickness and physical parameters of a key sandbody,and the results are satisfactory and confirmed by blind testing wells.Study results reveal that the dominant sedimentary facies in the Qigequan Formation within the study area are delta front and shallow lake.The RGB fused slices indicate that there are two cycles with three sets of underwater distributary channel systems in one period.Among them,sandstones in the distributary channels of middle-low Qigequan Formation are thick and broad with superior physical properties,which are favorable reservoirs.The reservoir permeability is also affected by diagenesis.Distributary channel sandstone reservoirs extend further to the west of Sebei-1 gas field,which provides a basis to expand exploration to the western peripheral area.

Beamforming with the Generalized Sidelobe Cancellerfor Coherent Noise Attenuation in 3D Seismic Data

This paper presents a new approach for attenuating coherent noise in 3D seismic data. An adaptive beamforming with generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) design methodology is utilized here as a general form of linearly constrained adaptive beamforming structure. It consists of a fixed beamformer, and a signal-blocking matrix in front of an unconstrained adaptive beamformer.Considerationf of the complexity of the geometry for 3D seismic survey, the 3D beamforming with GSC technique is developed with two key points: (1) sorting along azimuth sections to simplify the relationship between traveltime and offset from 3D to 2D, and (2) dynamic binning scheme to avoid the possible poor folding in some azimuth sections. Both simulation result and real data example show that the newly developed 3D beamforming with GSC yields more credible results at a relative low cost, sufficient stability and good resolution.

Application of 3D Seismic Data Inversion to Coal Mining Prospecting

Seismic inversion is one of the most important methods for lithological prospecting . Seismic data with lowresolution is converted into impedance data of high resolution which can reflect the geological structure by inversionThe inversion technique of 3D seismic data is discussed from both methodological and theoretical aspects, and the in-version test is also carried out using actual logging data. The result is identical with the measured data obtained fromroadway of coal mine. The field tests and research results indicate that this method can provide more accurate data foridentifying thin coal seam and minor faults.

Study on the 3D Seismic Data Field Hybrid Rendering Technique of Natural Gas Hydrate and Its Application

3D visualization technology is a tool used for displaying, describing, and understanding the characteristics of geologic bodies, and features high efficiency, objective accuracy, visual expression, etc. In this paper, the man-machine interactive interpretation and 3D visualization technology rapidly displaying and analyzing the 3D seismic data of hydrate ore volume is researched and developed using the hybrid rendering technique. Through the integrated interpretation on the 3D space structure, stratum, and seismic attributes, the visualized multi-attribute superimposition analysis is implemented for describing the spatial distribution characteristics of hydrate ore volume and exquisitely describing the subtle geological characteristics of hydrate ore volume. By the hybrid rendering technique, authentication and interpretation are provided for the geological exploration work, so as to greatly enhance the visualization and accuracy of the geological analysis, and also provide a good decision-making foundation for the subsequent development of resources.

Multi-source data-based 3D digital preservation of large scale ancient chinese architecture:A case report

The 3D digitalization and documentation of ancient Chinese architecture is challenging because of architectural complexity and structural delicacy.To generate complete and detailed models of this architecture,it is better to acquire,process,and fuse multi-source data instead of single-source data.In this paper,we describe our work on 3D digital preservation of ancient Chinese architecture based on multi source data.We first briefly introduce two surveyed ancient Chinese temples,Foguang Temple and Nanchan Temple.Then,we report the data acquisition equipment we used and the multi-source data we acquired.Finally,we provide an overview of several applications we conducted based on the acquired data,including ground and aerial image fusion,image and LiDAR(light detection and ranging)data fusion,and architectural scene surface reconstruction and semantic modeling.We believe that it is necessary to involve multi-source data for the 3D digital preservation of ancient Chinese architecture,and that the work in this paper will serve as a heuristic guideline for the related research communities.

Resolution assessment of the three-dimensional acquisition geometry of the Anhui experiment in"Geoscience Yangtze Plan"

According to the actual observation conditions of the Yangtze River valley from Anqing city to Maanshan city,we designed the 3D acquisition geometry,and applied the multi-scale checkerboard semblance analysis to assess the preliminary resolution of the designed observation.The checkerboard semblance tests use the refraction and reflection travel-time simultaneous inversion algorithm to quantitatively provide both resolution assessment of velocity structure and Moho topography.The multi-scale checker-board semblance recovery results show that while the chec-kerboard semblance threshold value is 0.5,the preliminary resolution of the designed acquisition geometry is better than 10 km in the upper crust(the depth is less than 10 km),around 15 km in the mid-crust(the depth is 10?25 km),and better than 20 km in the lower crust(the depth is 25?33 km).The preliminary tomographic resolution for the Moho topography is about 20 km in the ray-path coverage area beneath the acquisition geometry.While the checkerboard semblance threshold value is 0.75,the preliminary resolution is 20 km in the upper crust,around 20?25 km in the mid-crust and 25 km in the lower crust.And the preliminary tomographic resolution for the Moho topography is better than 30 km in the ray-path coverage area beneath the acquisition geometry.These non-linear checkerboard tests reveal that the designed acquisition geometry is suitable to image the crustal velocity structure of the Yangtze River valley in the Anhui province.

3D HIGH RESOLUTION SEISMIC PROSPECTING IN MINING AREAS,XIEQIAO COLLIERY

3D seismic prospecting in mining areas of Xieqiao Colliery is a successfulmodel for an advancement from the resource prospecting to mining prospecting stagein coal fields. Its results have proved that faults with a throw of 5-10 m can be detected in an area with good seismogeologic conditions by using 3D seismic technique.Detection of underground tunnels for the first time utilizing 3D seismic data indicates that subsided columns, gotten and mine goaf can be detected using 3D seismic technique, so it has a broad applied prospect.

3.5D地震勘探实例研究

3D和随时间推移(TL)地震是油田评价与开发阶段重要的地震勘探方法。近年来,TL地震正逐步成为油藏开发和管理中的重要手段之一。但TL地震受到储层条件、开采方式、TL地震勘探过程中非重复性噪声以及一些油田在开发早期未开展基础3D地震观测等诸因素的影响,这些因素使得这一技术在陆上油田开发中的应用受到了制约。为此,提出了3.5D地震勘探方法。3.5D地震勘探方法应用油田开发中、晚期的高精度3D地震数据,结合油田开发动态信息解决油田开发中存在的问题,寻找剩余油气分布区域。通过对中国西部某油田的开发实例研究,认为:3.5D地震可以较有效地解决油田开发中的问题,发现剩余油气的分布,不但解决了一些油田早期没有3D地震或早期3D地震数据质量存在严重非重复性噪声影响的问题,同时还可降低TL地震勘探的风险,提高油田开发的经济效益。

Research on fault recognition method combining 3D Res-UNet and knowledge distillation

Deep learning technologies are increasingly used in the fi eld of geophysics,and a variety of algorithms based on shallow convolutional neural networks are more widely used in fault recognition,but these methods are usually not able to accurately identify complex faults.In this study,using the advantage of deep residual networks to capture strong learning features,we introduce residual blocks to replace all convolutional layers of the three-dimensional(3D)UNet to build a new 3D Res-UNet and select appropriate parameters through experiments to train a large amount of synthesized seismic data.After the training is completed,we introduce the mechanism of knowledge distillation.First,we treat the 3D Res-UNet as a teacher network and then train the 3D Res-UNet as a student network;in this process,the teacher network is in evaluation mode.Finally,we calculate the mixed loss function by combining the teacher model and student network to learn more fault information,improve the performance of the network,and optimize the fault recognition eff ect.The quantitative evaluation result of the synthetic model test proves that the 3D Res-UNet can considerably improve the accuracy of fault recognition from 0.956 to 0.993 after knowledge distillation,and the eff ectiveness and feasibility of our method can be verifi ed based on the application of actual seismic data.

3-D叠后地震资料多项式拟合提高信噪比和道内插

三维地震资料叠后提高信噪比和横测线方向道内插问题，目前在生产中还没有得到很好的解决。现在有些数据中心是用二维多项式拟合提高信噪比模块对纵测线和横测线分两步进行处理的。本文应用多项式拟合理论直接在三维叠后地震资料上完成提高信噪比和横测线方向的道内插（通常横测线方向的道间距要比纵测线方向的道间距大一倍，需要进行道内插），用一步处理即可得到能应用于三维偏移的共深度点数据集。此法充分利用了三维地震资料的信息，提高了处理效率。

利用DEM在AutoCAD Civil 3D下自动提取断面数据

Civil 3D能够根据所建立的三维模型自动生成各种施工图、所需文档及设计信息。为此,在AutoCAD Civil 3D下利用DEM,实现了纵横断面数据的自动提取。实践证明,该方法适用于通行困难且线路较长的工程测量项目中,而且能大大减少外业工作的时间。

塔里木盆地卡3区块二维地震采集技术研究

塔里木盆地卡3区块处于沙漠腹地,地表为复合型沙垄和沙山,深层地震地质条件较差,地震资料品质不 高,波组连续性差,分辨率和信噪比低。为获取品质良好的地震资料,在该区进行了高密度二维地震资料采集技 术研究,开展了表层结构调查、干扰波调查、激发和接收因素试验等工作,采取抽炮、抽道方式,得到了不同覆盖 次数的剖面。用高密度采集技术获得的剖面,浅、中、深层反射波组齐全,奥陶系内幕反射资料信息丰富,断层断 点位置清楚,构造及低幅度隆起特征明显,反映了工区的地质结构特征。

基于Windows的煤矿地震数据三维可视化系统研究

结合煤矿地震数据特点,研究了OpenGL与VC++ 6.0联合编程。利用适合地震数据三维显示的算法,研制了基于Windows的煤矿地震数据三维可视化系统Sgy3D。Sgy3D的基本功能包括数据体、Inline剖面、Crossline剖面、层位、等值线、任意测线等要素的三维立体显示。可实现对数据体的动态放大、缩小以及平移等交互操作。将Sgy3D应用于实际地震资料解释,取得了良好的地质效果。

基于ARM7与CS5376的三分量采集系统设计

针对数字化地震采集需求,阐述了由ARM7作为微处理器控制CS5376芯片组进行三分量地震数据采集的全过程。通过嵌入式软硬件开发实现A/D参数配置、数据转换、数据传输等功能。利用数字示波器获取测试数据流验证设计合理性。整体设计应用到实际产品中验证其在地震采集设备研发中的可行性和实用性。本设计可适用于多个地球物理勘探领域。

三维照明分析优化莺歌海盆地DF区海上三维地震采集观测系统

影响海上地震资料品质的关键因素之一就是面向地质目标的地震资料采集观测系统的合理性,目标模型的射线追踪成像能量照明分析是评价观测系统合理性的主要方法。针对莺歌海盆地DF区地质模型,采用三维射线照明技术,快速准确地获得不同观测系统、不同地震船航行方向、不同炮线距、不同激发源数以及不同排列长度下的目标体反射能量分布特征,通过对比优选出了适用工区的面向目标的三维地震采集观测系统。同时指出减少主测线(inline)线距、增加联络测线(crossline)方向的覆盖次数,可明显提高目标靶区的地震资料采集品质。

浅谈可视化3维GIS

根据目前3维GIS的相关发展情况,从3维可视化的表现形式、数据组织、关键技术等,简要介绍了3维GIS可视化技术。

基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计

对于陆上三维地震采集的线束状观测系统优化设计,记录仪器的有效利用道数、观测系统总的覆盖次数、排列片的最大炮检距是最为重要的地球物理目标参数。针对这3个目标参数所论证的期望值的偏差最小化,提出了一套三维观测系统优化设计方法,即利用有约束的数学规划求解优化的目标函数,实现三维观测系统参数的最优化设计。应用该设计方法对胜利探区4个实际区块的观测系统参数进行了优化设计和对比分析,结果表明,在窄方位角采集、纵横向覆盖次数均匀分布等方面该方法的效果较好。

三维观测系统采集脚印定量分析技术

"采集脚印"是三维地震勘探中的一种地震噪声,是三维地震观测系统的固有属性,严重影响采集资料的振幅保真度及处理和解释效果。本文论述的三维观测系统采集脚印定量分析技术可定量描述三维观测系统接收、激发参数及施工方式与采集脚印的关系,综合考虑道距、接收线距、炮点距、炮线距、排列滚动线数、地层深度及变观方式等因素对形成采集脚印的影响,提供了从设计源头压制采集脚印、优化三维观测系统的方法。该方法在地震勘探实践中取得了良好的应用效果。

曲流河沉积亚相的地震识别方法

本文提出利用三维地震资料相干数据分析研究曲流河沉积相的方法 ,其优点是在地质分析的基础上 ,对沉积体系有较为明显的识别特征 ,且在钻井较少的地区尤为实用。该方法在济阳拗陷东北部上第三系应用中取得了较为明显的效果。

中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式三维地震采集

大陆科学钻探不仅是打一口钻,而是深部钻探同地球物理遥测结合起来的相互反馈系统,这里地球物理遥测主要是指三维深反射地震.中国大陆科学钻探孔区三维地震调查是大陆科学钻探工程的一项重要内容.在数据采集中提出了全观式三维地震调查新技术,它是指排列不滚动的三维地震调查,即将地震检波器铺满全部测区的一种地震采集方法,尤其适合于有限面积的三维地震工作.这种方法的优点是:(1)快速高效;(2)叠加次数高;(3)与常规三维地震相比成本大幅度减少.在中国大陆科学钻探孔区内进行的全观式三维地震测量,全面实现了预期目标,包括:(1)配合钻探查明孔区地质构造,将钻探的一孔之见扩展到深6000m、长宽超过3000m的三维岩柱;(2)提供高精度定位的地壳反射体以供标定;(3)发现中、下地壳及地幔内的反射体等.