Air pollutants and greenhouse gases emission inventory for power plants in the Antarctic

Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in Antarctica from power plants with diesel generators(the main sources of energy at Antarctic research stations and the main stationary sources of anthropogenic emissions in the Antarctic)were assessed.A bottom-up approach was used to compile an emission inventory for the Antarctic.This involved estimating emissions at various spatial levels by sequentially aggregating estimate emissions from point emission sources.This is the first time this approach has been proposed and used.Emissions of CO2,NOx,particulate matter(PM10),and CO in the modern period were estimated at the research station,geographic region,natural domain,biogeographic region,continent section,and whole continent scales.Yearly emissions are presented here,but the approach allows emissions at different averaging periods to be estimated.This means mean or maximum yearly,monthly,daily,or hourly emissions can be estimated.The estimates could be used to model pollutant transmission and dispersion,assess the impacts of pollutants,and develop emission forecasts for various scenarios.

Compilation of Emission Inventory of Air Pollution Sources in Beijing and Suggestions on Emission Reduction Policies

By establishing emission inventory of air pollution sources in Beijing,and classifying and compiling the pollutant types and corresponding pollution source data in more detail,it could provide the reference for studying causes of haze and related policy impact assessment in Beijing.In this paper,selecting relevant data published in the Beijing Statistical Yearbook,referring to emission coefficients in the technical guidelines for the preparation of various pollution sources,and combining characteristics of energy consumption in Beijing,emission inventory of air pollution sources in six parts is established:thermal power plant,industrial combustion source(by industry),technological process source(by product variety),motor vehicle,building construction and residents life,and the contribution rate of each part to air pollutants is given.Finally,policy suggestions for haze control in Beijing are put forward.

The emission inventory of atmospheric industrial pollution sources of the five cities in Zhejiang Province

The amount of several air pollutants emitted in some cities including Hangzhou,Ningbo,Huzhou,Shaoxing and Jiaxing of Zhejiang Province is based on pollution source census data of Zhejiang Province in 2010.This paper focused on the release of air pollutants such as NO_(x2),SO_2,CO,PM2.5,PM10 and VOC,and calculated the total amount of those air pollutants.It analyzed air pollutant emission factors and found that the electricity and heat production industry released the largest amount of pollutants.

Develop an Air Emission Inventory for Potential Point Sources in Northern Key Economic Zone and Simulate Its Impacts on Air Quality in Hanoi City,Vietnam

The Northern Key Economic region of Vietnam is a dynamic economic center that is an important economic locomotive of the North and the whole of Vietnam.In this area,large industrial parks are concentrated,attracting many large FDI projects.Key industries:cement production,cars-motorcycles,electronics,...Economic development entails environmental problems.The industrial sector has been identified as the number one driving force driving the growth of Hanoi city and neighboring provinces.Therefore,industrial development is one of the main causes of environmental pollution.In addition,the growth rate of industry in neighboring provinces significantly affects the air quality in Hanoi city.Some factories in Vinh Phuc,Hung Yen,Bac Ninh and Hai Duong provinces have large sources of gas emissions,potentially affecting air quality around Hanoi city.Monitoring results show that air pollution in Hanoi city is mainly caused by dust pollution,especially PM2.5 superfine dust.This is a very harmful dust to health;it is necessary to determine the cause and control solution.Therefore,the objectives of this study are:(1)inventory of potential emissions sources for industrial activities in the northern key economic region around Hanoi;(2)Simulate air spread by AERMOD model to get an overall picture of the industrial impact of surrounding provinces in Hanoi city;(3)Propose solutions to manage air quality for the city in the coming time.Simulation results for pollutants with the highest concentration of NOx for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 7.94;1.02;0.222(μg/m3);of CO for 1 hour and 8 hours are 27.616;8.89(μg/m3);of SO2 for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 4.005;0.288;0.038(μg/m3);of PM2.5 for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 0.32;0.023;0.003(μg/m3);of PM10 in 1 hour,24 hours and year average are 1.03;0.074;0.098(μg/m3).

Preliminary Results of Application Mobilev Traffic model to Calculate Air Emission and Assessing Policies for Reducing Air Emissions in an ASEAN City

Traffic is one of the main air pollution source in urban cities,especially in Ho Chi Minh City.Annually,it emits a huge amount of pollutants into the atmosphere;and air quality in HCMC becomes worse due to circulation of outdate private vehicles.Therefore,clean air plan(CAP)is necessary for reducing air pollution level in the city and air emission inventory(EI)is an essential step to develop CAP.Mobilev model from Germany was chosen to conduct EI for HCMC.Objectives include of this study:(i)elaborating an air emission inventory(EI)from road traffic activities over HCMC;and(ii)assessing emission control policies and study abatement strategies to reduce air pollution level from traffic activities for HCMC in 2020.The results indicated that motorcycles are the main sources of air emission in HCMC.The emissions of CO are 3,586.707 tons/year,following ish VOC,NOx,CH4,NO2,SO2 and particulate matter(PM).In addition,CO2,which is one of the main greenhouse gases,also included and contributed 36,293.501 ton/year.These pollutants concentrated in the center which has crowded roads and population,affecting directly human health.Therefore,a replaced private vehicle with public transportation is necessary to reduce emissions.Two abatement strategies to 2020 for reducing emissions were performed and showed that if the HCMC government has severe policies on motor vehicles,the emission will be reduced until 60%,opposite emissions in 2020 will be increased to 200%.

Estimates and Spatial Distribution of Emissions from Sugar Cane Bagasse Fired Thermal Power Plants in Brazil

Sugar cane bagasse is one of the largest fuels used for electricity generation in Brazil and its usage has continuously increased to supply the energy demand. This paper presents emission inventory based on power plants burning sugar cane bagasse. The inventory involves the spatial distribution and the estimated flows for the following major pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate material (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2) and total organic carbon (TOC). A total of 384 power plants were inventoried, representing a generated power of 9.9 GW, about 26% of the energy produced by thermal power plants sector. The plants are concentrated in two main poles: one of them in S?o Paulo State and nearby areas and the other one in coast of Brazilian Northeast. The limits proposed by the AP-42 Regulations of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for the emission factors were applied. Additional emission factors identified in the scientific literature were also included in the analysis in order to assess the uncertainties associated to the estimative. The estimated emissions showed values in the range 16.0 - 20.5 Gg?year?1 for NOx, 18.0 - 267.0 Gg?year?1 for MP and 20.5 - 26.7 Tg?year?1 for CO2. The contribution of TOC showed a minor contribution around 10 - 20 Mg?year?1. PM showed to be the most representative pollutant emitted by the thermal plants burning sugar cane bagasse, but with a large range of uncertainty. There is a high level of uncertainty associated to the preparation of cane as well as the use of collectors to control particulate emissions. The adequate control over all stages could reduce the bagasse ash content in 90% or more.

基于实时交通流的上海市机动车碳污同源排放清单

为满足交通碳污减排政策多样化、差别化和精细化发展需求,扩大交通排放测算范围、提高测算准确度和时空分辨力,提出了一种基于实时交通流的高时空分辨力机动车碳污同源排放清单构建方法,综合交通模型、IVE模型和相关算法建立了覆盖上海全市的机动车碳污同源排放清单。结果显示,二氧化碳、氮氧化物周排放规律相近,呈现出明显的周末低工作日高的特征;二氧化碳分时变化规律呈现明显的双峰,而氮氧化物受重型车影响,峰值出现在夜间;由于各车型的碳污分担率不同且活动区域不同造成了上海市机动车二氧化碳和氮氧化物排放的空间分布差异明显;碳污同源排放清单中,NOx、PM、CO、VOCs、CO_(2)的月均排放量分别为5160t、440t、1.7×10^(4)t、732t和2.46×10^(6)t;排放分担率表明,NOx、PM等污染物主要来自重货车及大货车排放;CO、VOCs和CO_(2)排放来源以小客车排放占比最高。

Comprehensive and high-resolution emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants for the northernmost cities agglomeration of Harbin-Changchun,China:Implications for local atmospheric environment management

Using a bottom-up estimation method,a comprehensive,high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration(HCA).The annual emissions for CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),NH_(3),VOC S,PM_(2.5),PM 10,BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg,0.70 Tg,0.34 Tg,0.75 Tg,0.81 Tg,0.67 Tg,1.59 Tg,0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg,respectively.For PM 10 and SO_(2),the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7%and 49.5%,respectively,of the total emissions,while 95.3%and 44.5%of the total NH_(3)and NO x emissions,respectively,were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation.Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions(except NH_(3))occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities.Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM_(2.5)in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring,while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO_(2)and PM_(2.5)emissions during autumn and winter.Furthermore,based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model,air temperature,relative humidity,electricity and energy consumption,and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA.Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management.

基于入户调查的农村民用源排放清单与清洁能源政策的减排效果

以全国农村生活燃料消费入户调查数据建立的能源消费模型为基础,模拟2015年我国县级煤炭与生物质消费水平,构建农村生活能源的温室气体与大气污染物排放清单.在此基础上,以2025年作为政策效应年份,评估农村生活能源清洁转型的减排效果.结果表明,2015年我国农村居民煤炭和生物质燃料的消耗量分别为169.5和242.0Mt,由此产生的PM_(2.5)、VOCs、SO_(2)、NO_(x)、CO、CO_(2)排放量分别为2.91Mt、1.98Mt、2.39Mt、524.3kt、43.0Mt和642.9Mt,其中河北省是排放最高的省份.到2025年,在无政策作用情景下,温室气体与空气污染物排放总量将比2015年下降约15%,而在清洁转型政策作用最为明显的北方采暖地区,相对于无政策作用情景,PM_(2.5)、VOCs、SO_(2)、NO_(x)、CO、CO_(2)的排放量分别下降76.0%、76.7%、75.6%、55.4%、76.6%、43.2%,具有较理想的污染减排效果.

基于大气污染物排放清单的港口污染物减排潜力分析--以青岛港大港港区为例

本研究通过实地调查收集2020年度青岛港大港港区范围内各码头陆域范围和码头前沿停泊水域港口移动源排放的大气污染物和温室气体,采用排放因子法建立2020年青岛港大港港区排放清单,分析港区大气污染物和温室气体的分布结构和特征并识别其重点排放源,同时对其减排潜力进行分析。结果表明,在大港港区各类陆域移动源和船舶源中,港口机械和运输船舶对各类大气污染物和温室气体的排放占比均为最大;排放强度最大的大气污染物种类为NOx,排放强度最大的温室气体种类为CO_(2);CO、HC、CH_(4)和N_(2)O的重点排放源为港口机械,NOx、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、VOCs、CO_(2)和SO_(2)重点排放源为运输船舶。针对不同类型港口移动源,提出推动港口机械电能替代、淘汰国二及以下柴油驱动非道路移动机械、限制国三及以下排放标准的集疏运车辆进港改为国五排放标准车辆、探索应用纯电动港作船舶、提高靠港船舶岸电接电率等港口移动源大气污染物与温室气体减排措施建议。本研究通过编制港口移动源排放清单,能够摸清港口移动源污染物和温室气体排放水平,是识别重点排放源有针对性地制定减排措施,并持续评估所采取措施效果的基础。

Real-world and bottom-up methodology for emission inventory development and scenario design in medium-sized cities

Efficient management of air quality requires a comprehensive emission inventory to support decision-making on air quality improvement.This article presents a comprehensive framework for detailed emission inventory development in cities with low-quality basic data,which examines the emission of primary criteria pollutants(CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and VOC)from mobile sources,residential,commercial,and public services,fuel stations,transport terminals,energy conversion sections,and industries.This research was applied to Tabriz in Northwest Iran,one of the polluted medium-sized cities with a population of 1.77 million.Results show the city daily emission per capita is 569.8 g of CO,68.6 g of NO_(x),38.6 g of VOC,17.6 g of SO_(x),and 3.7 g of PM.Vehicular emissions accounted for 98%of CO,91%of VOCs,61%of NO_(x),and 56%of PM;meaning alternative policy strategies in vehicles would reduce emissions rapidly.Fifteen applicable and effective scenarios in transport and one concerning stationary sourceswere proposed and reduction potential of themwas evaluated.Effectiveness of the public transport improvement and replacement of old passenger cars were founded the key scenarios.These two alternatives decrease 14 and 2 tons of SO_(2) and 6797 and 2394 tons of NO_(x) annually with the cost of$99.5 MM and$366.5 MM,respectively.The findings of this study provides the choice of travel method by each citizen is a function of cost,speed,comfort and safety of travel;therefore,all the requirements of any scenarios must be fully considered in the implementation step.

Air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2014–2016

With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O3,decreased. Spatially, the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO2 and O3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM2.5 was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O3, PM10, and NO2.However, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O3 pollution worsened.Meteorological conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM2.5 concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity.The air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission reductions.During 2014–2016, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region.

Implementation of the Air Quality Monitoring Network at Agadir City in Morocco

Air pollution is a major global issue with widely known harmful effects on human health and the environment. This pollution is a very complex phenomenon given the diversity of pollutants that may be present in the atmosphere. The air quality in urban areas is of a great concern for residents living in cities and represents a current issue that requires an adequate management. So that air quality policy is driven by health concerns. In this paper, we present an overview on the experience of Agadir city to establish the air quality management policy, local authority on the whole have developed a good understanding of air quality in the area. Indeed for several years, efforts have been made to monitor the air quality in this city, this translated by air quality assessment since 2006 using mobile laboratory and fixed station. Our goals in this study were to review the operation of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) making better use of available resources to improve its outcomes and make recommendations with a view to improving air quality issues. This work highlights the requirement to revise periodically the LAQM for generating priority for air quality issues within local authority and the need to implement the optimizing Air Quality Monitoring Network (AQMN).

EmissV: A Preprocessor for WRF-Chem Model

Air quality models are tools capable to predict the physical and chemical processes that affect air pollutants as they disperse and reacts in the atmosphere. These models need input containing meteorological data, terrestrial data and emissions. Meteorological and terrestrial data comes from different sources such as meteorological stations and satellite images which are important to represent the current state of the atmosphere and are available at least on a daily frequency. On the other hand, the emission data comes from pollution inventories generated mainly from governmental reports, this data needs to be processed by various reasons such as the correction of outdated emissions, for combining inventories or to speciate the emitted pollutants to different chemical mechanisms. EmissV is a code written into a high-level programming language to create emissions input for these atmospheric models. The emissions from EmissV are coherent with the total and the spatial distribution of emissions obtained from other preprocessors.

天津市民用散煤燃烧大气污染物排放清单

为了研究天津市民用散煤燃烧大气污染物的排放情况,采用排放因子法,结合散煤燃烧活动水平,建立了2019、2020年天津市民用散煤燃烧大气污染物排放清单,并根据排放清单对污染物空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:2020年民用散煤燃烧量相比2019年减少约61万t,细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、CO、SO_(2)、氮氧化物(NO_(x))分别减排1010.33、38070.69、904.16、824.68 t。其中,污染物排放贡献最大的区为蓟州区。各区显示出明显的污染物排放空间差异,未来应推进清洁能源的使用,加快清洁能源政策的推广,以减少民用散煤燃烧的污染物排放。

江苏省高时空分辨率机动车排放清单构建及特征

针对自上而下法建立的机动车排放清单时空分辨率偏低的问题,从月度排放计算、行驶里程权重、交通数据融合等方面系统优化了传统的方法学框架,据此建立了2018年江苏省机动车排放清单,分析了排放的结构层次特征、社会经济关联和时空分布规律.结果表明,2018年江苏省机动车CO、VOCs、NO_(x)和PM_(2.5)的排放量分别为84.00,16.68,61.72和2.11万t.CO和VOCs主要由汽油小型客车贡献,NO_(x)和PM_(2.5)主要由柴油重型货车贡献,国3及以下标准车辆排放贡献高于其保有量占比,冬季机动车排放高于其它季节.在城市尺度上,机动车排放集中在苏州、无锡、南京、徐州、南通、连云港和常州,机动车人均CO和VOCs排放量与道路排放强度的相关性高于NO_(x)和PM_(2.5),机动车排放与城市GDP以及建成区面积的相关性较为显著.机动车CO和VOCs排放聚集于中心城区,NO_(x)和PM_(2.5)排放呈条带状分布,排放日变化存在着“两峰一谷”的特征.

我国人为源大气污染物排放清单研究进展

大气污染物排放清单不仅能够提供大气污染物排放源的基本信息,助力大气污染防治决策的制定,还能为空气质量模式模拟提供基础数据。排放清单的准确性会极大程度上影响大气污染治理决策的有效性及模型建模的准确性,因此一份准确的大气污染物排放清单在大气污染防控工作中至关重要。本文总结了我国人为源大气污染物排放清单的研究现状,包括大气污染物排放清单编制方法、不同尺度排放清单研究现状以及排放清单评估方法三个方面,同时提出我国排放清单研究中存在的问题。在此基础上,结合我国当前“减污降碳”防治需求,分别从大气污染物排放清单与温室气体排放清单相结合,制定统一的减污降碳政策、建立即时更新的排放因子库、统一规范排放清单编制体系、统一各地精细化排放清单以及构建更精准的国家大气污染物排放清单等方面对我国人为源大气污染物排放清单的研究方向进行了展望。

面向减污降碳的集中供热结构调整路径研究

集中供热是事关国计民生的刚性需求,是能源消费的重要部门,是大气污染物减排的重要着力点.开展面向减污降碳的集中供热结构调整路径分析对我国实现“双碳”目标、建设“美丽中国”具有重要意义.通过构建2020年集中供热碳污耦合排放清单,摸清碳污排放现状;考虑热电联产供热范围以及生物质资源分布,分析拆炉并网、煤改气以及煤改生物质等措施的局限性及碳污减排潜力;结合情景分析,识别碳污减排关键路径,为开展集中供热减污降碳相关工作提供参考.结果表明:(1)热电联产、燃煤工业锅炉分别是集中供热部门CO_(2)和大气污染物的主要排放源,东北地区及内蒙古自治区是该部门碳污排放的热点区域.燃煤工业锅炉污染控制水平及热效率较低是开展集中供热部门减污降碳的重要切入点.(2)热电联产供热管网难以全面覆盖35 t/h以下燃煤工业锅炉,超40%的小容量燃煤工业锅炉需要采用其他方式进行综合改造.(3)生物质能源利用潜力空间差异较大,制约了供热部门低碳化,如华北及东北地区难以满足本区域燃煤工业锅炉生物质改造的能源需求.(4)加强低碳情景下,2060年集中供热部门SO_(2)、NO_(x)、可过滤细颗粒物、可凝结颗粒物及CO_(2)排放量分别为1.9×10^(5)、2.6×10^(5)、1.0×10^(4)、1.1×10^(5)及5.0×10^(8)t,较2020年分别减排75%、66%、90%、66%及58%.研究显示,深入挖掘生物质资源、健全生物质成型燃料产业、推动拆炉并网是实现集中供热部门减污降碳的重要路径.

河南省铝冶炼行业大气污染源排放清单研究

为分析河南省铝冶炼行业大气污染物排放特征及空间分布情况,通过对生产企业逐个下发调查表或实地调查等方式获得相关数据,自下而上建立了2019年河南省铝冶炼行业大气污染物排放清单。对排放清单结果进行统计分析,结果表明:2019年河南省铝冶炼行业SO_(2)、NO_(x)、PM_(10)及PM_(2.5)的排放量分别为6620 t、1364 t、1964 t、1503 t,主要分布在郑州市、洛阳市、焦作市、安阳市及三门峡市。将排放清单结果与2019年环境统计、在线监测数据比对校验,三者存在较好的一致性,说明排放清单能够真实地反映河南省铝冶炼行业污染物排放现状,可为铝冶炼行业监管提供可靠的依据。

荆州开发区高分辨率大气源排放清单构建研究

为准确掌握荆州开发区大气污染物排放状况,该研究采用排放因子法,基于资料收集与实地调查结合的方式获取活动水平、文献调研选取排放系数,结合ArcGIS平台,建立了荆州开发区2019年1 km×1 km 10类排放源9种大气污染物排放清单。结果表明:开发区SO_(2)、NO_(x)、CO、VOCs、NH_(3)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、BC和OC的排放量分别为850.4、2407.1、4584.0、4848.3、107.7、8602.1、4485.3、57.8和159.6 t。移动源是NO_(x)的主要来源,占NO_(x)总排放量的43.8%。固定燃烧源是CO的主要来源,占CO总排放量的81.5%。工艺过程源是SO_(2)、VOCs、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和OC的主要来源,分别占SO_(2)、VOCs、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和OC总排放量的50.9%、69.0%、85.6%、85.5%和83.8%。农业源是NH_(3)的主要来源之一,占NH_(3)总排放量的32.8%。扬尘源对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的排放贡献仅分别为11.5%和10.1%。