Basin structure and multiresource potential based on high-precision airborne gravity and magnetic data

In this paper,we use high-precision airborne gravity and magnetic data to study the geophysical characteristics of the western slope of the Songliao Basin and its adjacent areas and evaluate the resource potential.We performed an in-depth analysis of three aspects of the basin characteristics:the characteristics of residual strata,the development characteristics of faults,and the distribution characteristics of magmatic rocks.Next,we analyzed the forming background of organic(oil and gas)resources and inorganic(uranium ore and hot dry rock)resources.The results showed that the new Upper Paleozoic strata have significant differences in different regions of the study area(with a thickness of 0–8000 m),mainly distributed in the eastern and northern regions but absent in the middle eastern and western regions.Furthermore,the thickness and depth of the Mesozoic layer varied between the eastern and western regions;it was thicker and deeper in the middle eastern region but thinner and shallower in the western region,and it is absent in most western regions.The main faults in the region are in the north–northeast(NNE)direction.Faults in the NE–NNE and NW directions jointly controlled the morphology of the secondary structural units.Magmatic rocks are relatively developed in the middle and eastern parts of the region.Most magmatic rocks are distributed along the faults and their sides,clearly reflecting the control of the faults on magmatic activities.The western slope of the Songliao basin and its surroundings have a favorable geological setting for the accumulation(mineralization)of oil,gas,shale oil,hot dry rock,and uranium ore.It is conducive to oil and gas exploration of deep new strata and collaborative exploration of multiple resources.

Study of Residual Basin and Tectonolayering Based on Airborne Gravity and Magnetic Data

This paper takes the South Yellow Sea as an example to show a new method for comprehensive geological-geophysical research such as residual basin and tectonolayering using airborne gravity and magnetic data in China. Based on airborne gravity and magnetic data, by measuring and analyzing stratigraphic density and susceptibility, the depths to the pre-Sinian magnetic basement top, the pre-Jurassic top and the Cenozoic bottom, are obtained by forward and inverse methods constrained by seismic and drilling data; and furthermore, the residual thicknesses of the Sinian-Triassic, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic are calculated. Based on airborne gravity and magnetic anomalies, the faults in the pre-Sinian magnetic basement, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic are respectively interpreted by the qualitative and quantitative methods. On the basis of the above study, and combining regional important tectonic events, four tectonolayers are divided in the vertical succession in South Yellow Sea, namely the pre-Sinian magnetic basement, the Sinian-Triassic, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic. The result shows that there are thick Cenozoic and Jurassic-Cretaceous strata and thin residual Sinian-Triassic strata in the Suzhong-Huangnan depression area, but there are thin or only sporadic Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrestrial strata and thick Sinian-Triassic marine strata reserved in Subei-Huangzhong uplift area and Sunan-Wunansha uplift area. The four tectonolayers are very different in structures as well as distributions in plane.

Integrating of Remote Sensing and Airborne Magnetic Data to Outline the Geologic Structural Lineaments That Controlled Mineralization Deposits for the Area around Gabal El-Niteishat, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

The Gabal (G.) El-Niteishat area lies in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt which is known for various mineral resources and geological structures. Umm Gheig, Umm Naggat, Umm Shaddad, Wadi (W.) Zeidun and Sigdit represent some important regions that contain mineral deposits in the study area. Various filters such as first vertical derivative (FVD), horizontal gradient magnitude (HGM), tilt derivative (TDR) and near-surface were applied to the airborne magnetic data for the study area to deduce the structural lineaments and magnetic source edges which were controlled by the presence of mineral deposits. Processed Landsat ETM+ images are used for delineating the rock unit boundaries that are exposed in the study area such as serpentinite, metagabbro, metavolcanics and metasediments. Also, band ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) and false-color composite image (Crosta alteration image) were applied to get specific results about the alteration zones. The structural lineaments analysis illustrated that the common trends that affected the study area were NW-SE, NE-SW, E-W and N-S. Integration of remote sensing and airborne magnetic data exhibited the relation between mineralization and structural lineaments.

Influence of the 60 Hz Magnetic Field on the Airborne Microbial Distribution of Indoor Environments

The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the magnetic field generated by the household appliances on the airborne microbial surrounding these equipment located on indoor environments with particular interest in the environmental fungi.A simultaneous environmental study was carried out in locals of three different geographical places of Havana,Cuba,which have televisions,computers and an electric generator.The air samples were made by a sedimentation method using Malt Extract Agar.The concentration of total aerobic mesophilic as well as fungi and yeasts were determined in rainy and little rainy seasons by applying as factors:exposure time of dishes(5 to 60 min)and distance to the wall(0 and 1 m)at a height of 1 m above the floor.The predominant fungal genera were Cladosporium,Penicillium and Aspergillus.In the dishes that were placed at 0 and 0.5 m from the emitting sources were observed that some bacteria colonies formed inhibition halos,a great diversity of filamentous fungi and an increase in the mycelium pigmentation as well as the pigments excretion.In the rainy season,the highest amounts of fungi were obtained in all samples.In the little rain season the count of the Gram-negative bacilli increased three times the Gram-positive cocci.

Determination of Curie Point Depth and Heat Flow Using Airborne Magnetic Data over the Kom-Ombo and Nuqra Basins, Southern Eastern Desert, Egypt

The Kom-Ombo and Nuqra basins in southern Egypt have recently been discovered as potential hydrocarbon basins. The lack of information about the geothermal gradient and heat flow in the study area gives importance to studying the heat flow and the geothermal gradient. Several studies were carried out to investigate the geothermal analyses of the northwestern desert, as well as the west and east of the Nile River, using density, compressive wave velocity, and bottom hole temperature (BHT) measured from deep oil wells. This research relies on spectral analysis of airborne magnetic survey data in the Kom-Ombo and Nuqra basins in order to estimate the geothermal gradient based on calculating the depth to the bottom of the magnetic source that caused the occurrence of these magnetic deviations. This depth is equal to the CPD, at which the material loses its magnetic polarisation. This method is fast and gives satisfactory results. Usually, it can be applied as a reconnaissance technique for geothermal exploration targets due to the abundance of magnetic data. The depth of the top (Zt) and centroid (Z0) of the magnetic source bodies was calculated for the 32 windows representing the study area using spectral analysis of airborne magnetic data. The curie-isotherm depth, geothermal gradient, and heat flow maps were constructed for the study area. The results showed that the CPD in the study area ranges from 13 km to 20 km. The heat flow map values range from 69 to 109 mW/m2, with an average of about 80 mW/m2. The calculated heat flow values in the assigned areas (A, B, C, and D) of the study area are considered to have high heat flow values, reaching 109 mW/m2. On the other hand, the heat flow values in the other parts range from 70 to 85 mW/m2. Since heat flow plays an essential role in the maturation of organic matter, it is recommended that hydrocarbon accumulations be located in places with high heat flow values, while deep drilling of hydrocarbon wells is recommended in places with low to moderate heat flow values.

Review and Analysis of Geological Structural Model by Using Geomagnetic, Case Study: Haji Abad Region in Iran’s Zagros Zone

The use of geomagnetic for geophysical and geological studies is a new method for receiving different information from new and old faults and lineaments. Accordingly, the present study is applied research and it use combined the two methods, analytical signal and Euler’s combined method and invented a new combined method to estimate the depth, location and shape of the magnetic and gravity sources. As a case, this research selected Iran’s Zagros zone. This region due to the geological dynamics is considered by many geologists. In this regard, the 1:250,000 framework of Haji Abad was selected as a case study because of its convenient location for structural analysis. As a result, with airborne magnetic images survey, and applying filters in the vertical derivative and analytical signal, lineaments in depth of this region discovered and investigated.

Characteristics and Geological Significance of Aeromagnetic Data in the South of Shanxi

The study area is located in the south margin of the North China Block, the south end of the juncture between the Ordos Block and the Hehuai Block, which is part of Fen-Wei Graben System and located in the south of Shanxi Cenozoic fault basin in the central part of the North China Craton. The study area has complex regional geological structure, intense tectonic movement and frequent magmatic activities. Based on the latest high-precision aeromagnetic data, integrated interpretation was completed, combining with the existing geological and geophysical research results. According to the block features in different zones of the RTP aeromagnetic data, this article thoroughly studied the characteristics of aeromagnetic anomalies and found the relationship between aeromagnetic anomalies and surface geological information, and the fault distribution, magmatic rock distribution and magnetic characteristics in this area are discussed.

黑龙江省二龙山地区航放航磁特征及其金矿床找矿前景

黑龙江省二龙山地区地处嫩江大断裂北西侧、龙江隆起带西南缘,该区已发现多个金矿点。本文在前人工作的基础上,利用最新的高精度航放航磁测量数据,研究了黑龙江省二龙山地区金矿床航磁航放特征,结合区域地质背景,分析认为二龙山地区岩金矿床多发育于花岗岩韧性剪切带及构造破碎带中,在航放场上多位于钍高值区(含量一般为10~12μg/g),在航磁上呈平缓的负磁异常特征(幅值一般为-150~-50nT),总体上具有明显的“低磁、低钾、高钍”特征,同时钍钾比、钍增量均有较好的反映。研究成果可为本区快速寻找金矿提供找矿线索,具有较好的实用价值,也为该区及周边地区实现快速找矿突破提供了依据。

基于有限元法的水下航行器地磁异常模拟研究

为改进水下航行器磁异常探测技术中磁异常实测数据难获得、现有磁体模型计算精度不高等问题,基于有限元仿真探讨建立无需区分近、远场的高精度混合磁体模型方法。应用有限元数值方法仿真复杂结构水下航行器的空间磁异常分布,以磁场数值解为收敛目标,建立以偶极子阵元数目、位置及磁矩为参数的均匀磁化椭球体与偶极子阵列混合的航行器磁异常解析模型,采用非线性最小二乘算法求解模型系数。仿真结果表明,基于该模型得到磁异常计算值与全空间内数值解的拟合度较高,测试平面平均误差为3%。该模型在磁场延拓、高精度建模等方面可以进一步应用。

羌塘盆地白云湖凹陷航空重磁异常特征及其油气勘探意义

航空重磁数据是揭示盆地深部构造的有效手段,本文通过最新测量的航空重磁数据结合野外实测物性资料,阐述了白云湖凹陷航空重、磁异常特征及其地质成因,利用航空重磁资料识别出白云湖凹陷断裂与岩浆岩的分布情况,采用人工切线法、功率谱分析法和Parker-Oldenburg迭代反演算法,计算了白云湖凹陷基底埋藏深度与中生界底面构造形态,并通过重点剖面重磁综合解释,对构造分层结果进行了验证。研究结果表明白云湖凹陷中生界、古生界沉积层的起伏变化是引起重力异常的主要因素,区域航磁异常则主要反映了前寒武纪基底展布特征。白云湖凹陷基底埋深较深,中生界分布连续且厚度较大,区域断裂—岩浆活动不发育,整体受构造运动影响较少,具有较好的油气勘探前景。

基于航空重磁资料对大杨树盆地南部及周边岩浆岩分布规律的认识

基于区域地质-地球物理综合研究,利用最新实测的航空重磁综合测量数据,结合野外踏勘与物性测量结果,采用化极、向上延拓、垂向导数等场源分离或异常提取技术,研究了大杨树盆地南部及周边不同类型岩浆岩的重磁异常响应,圈定了其空间分布范围,揭示了区域岩浆岩发育特征、分布规律及其控制因素。研究表明,研究区不同类型的岩浆岩具有迥然不同的航磁异常特征;本次采用的突出局部重磁异常的地球物理方法可以有效识别酸性、中酸性、中基性等岩浆岩;本次系统圈定了具有地质意义的岩浆岩百余处,多数岩浆岩沿北东向与北西向断裂及其两侧分布,尤以断裂交汇部位最为发育,说明断裂对岩浆活动具有明显的控制作用;航空重磁揭示研究区发育较大规模的隐伏中基性火山岩,为区域基础地质研究和火山岩盆地油气藏资源评价提供了重要的地质-地球物理依据。

北部海岸带(台州以北)航磁推断的基底构造特征

北部海岸带(台州以北)横跨华北地块、下扬子地块和华夏地块三个构造单元,区域地质构造复杂,岩浆活动强烈,断裂发育。本文以最新编制的航磁资料为主,结合航空重力、区域地质和实测岩石物性资料等,对北部海岸带(台州以北)进行了航磁综合解释。依据化极航磁ΔT反映的东西分带和南北分块的特点,详细分析了磁场面貌、特征及其与区域构造的对应关系,展现了不同特征的磁场是构造、岩浆活动以及地层分布等信息的综合体现,并进一步对基底岩相构造进行了划分和研究。郯庐断裂带以西的渤海海岸带,以团块状正磁异常为特征,基底由太古宇迁西群、鞍山群、泰山群及古元古界变质岩构成,以东为变化负磁异常区,磁场由鞍山群、胶东群、辽河群及粉子山群变质岩系及部分中酸性岩浆岩引起;南黄海海岸带的团块状正磁异常与太古宇变质岩有关,基底由元古宇变质岩构成;苏南-勿南沙和浙闽沿海地区的剧烈变化磁异常带,是被中新生代岩浆岩强烈改造了的元古宇弱磁性变质基底;东海海岸带是以北北东向展布的正负相间磁异常带为特征,变质基底由元古宇陈蔡群的变质岩构成,正磁异常带主要是岩浆岩带的反映。基底岩相构造在航空重磁场上的特征,对区内构造单元划分及地质演化具有重要的参考价值。

北部海岸带(台州以北)航磁反映的断裂和岩性构造特征

北部海岸带(台州以北)横跨华北地块、下扬子地块和华夏地块三个构造单元,区域地质构造复杂,岩浆活动强烈,断裂发育。本文以最新编制的航磁资料为主,结合航空重力、区域地质和实测岩石物性资料等,对区内的岩浆岩航磁异常特征及分布规律、断裂进行划分和研究;圈定各类侵入岩和火山岩数百处,岩浆活动主要集中于中新生代,以燕山期为主,受深大断裂控制;断裂主要以NE向、NNE向及NW向为主,间有SN向、EW向及弧形断裂存在,前者对区域构造、岩浆活动等有明显的控制作用;并利用天然地震震中分布和GPS速度场等信息初步探讨了断裂活动性。研究成果为服务于国家重大战略需求和海岸带综合地质调查,解决重大地质问题,实现海陆统筹的目标和服务于北部海岸带(台州以北)经济区规划、城市群规划选址、重大工程建设等提供了参考依据。

航空瞬变电磁法对地下典型目标体的探测能力研究

航空电磁法的探测能力受飞行高度、发射波形、发射磁矩和发射基频等因素的影响,致使不同分量间的勘探能力存在差异.航空电磁如对所有磁场和磁感应分量、on-和off-time数据进行观测和解释,不仅数据量大、耗时长,而且出现大量冗余数据.目前国内针对此问题尚无系统解决方法.本文针对吊舱式直升机航空电磁系统,采用积分方程法求解频率域响应,经汉克尔变换转换到时间域,计算了地下三维目标体的B和dB/dt时间域响应.利用异常体响应与背景场响应作比值,并通过设定响应阀值定义最大勘探深度,进而分析不同发射波形、不同分量以及on-和off-time期间的航空电磁系统的探测能力.基于本文分析手段,可根据实际勘探目标,确定一套探测能力较强的航空电磁最佳参数组合,为野外测量和数据处理提供技术指导,高效完成勘探任务.

钢铁工业区降尘对周边土壤的影响

分别在南京的两个钢铁厂收集降尘并采集周边表土,并用ICP-AES和磁化率仪分析得到16种元素含量和表土、地面尘的磁化率。结果表明,两个钢铁工业区的大气降尘的年沉降通量分别为190t km-2a-1和407 t km-2a-1,这可能会影响着周边地区土壤的形成;Al、K、Na、Ti、V在降尘中的含量显著低于表土,而Ca,Fe,Zn,Mn,Pb,Cu在降尘中含量要显著高于表土;表土的磁化率除水田外均大于100×10-8m3kg-1,并且地面尘的磁化率要远远高于表土的磁化率。研究表明,钢铁工业区降尘对其周边土壤中污染元素的积累有明显影响,突出地表现在土壤表层重金属含量升高,而磁化率可以很好地表征这种表聚的特点。

基于潜艇磁偶极子模型的航空磁探潜探测宽度模型与仿真

针对航空反潜磁异常探测传统探测宽度模型无法准确分析目标磁特性、环境磁特性等因素对航空磁探潜探测宽度的影响,引入概率分布的思想并提出基于信噪比检测依据的新探测宽度模型。为了求解该探测宽度模型,建立了基于磁偶极子目标的航空磁探潜探测模型,目标磁特性模型,环境噪声和检测模型,给出了基于信噪比检测依据的探测宽度模型求解方法和步骤。仿真分析表明:所建立的模型能够充分反映目标特性、地磁场特性、环境磁噪声等级、反潜机探测平台等因素条件对航空磁探潜探测宽度影响;与经典探测宽度模型相比,新建立的模型能够对航空磁探潜探测宽度进行更加有效和精确的计算。

国外航空物探测量系统近年来若干进展

航空物探测量作为一种高效的地球物理勘查技术方法,在地质调查、油气与固体矿产资源勘查等许多领域发挥着重要的作用,已成为开展国土资源调查及矿产资源潜力评价研究的重要技术手段。笔者较为系统地介绍了国内外航空磁力梯度测量系统、航空电磁测量系统、航空伽马能谱测量系统、航空重力测量系统及配套测量技术的相关技术指标、研究现状与趋势以及应用领域。通过对比分析发现,该方法在国外已经发展的比较成熟,然而,在国内该项技术仍处于发展中,许多航空物探关键测量技术与国外相比仍存在较大的差距。因此,我国航空物探测量技术还需要加快发展。

AGS-863航磁全轴梯度勘查系统关键性指标测试

中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心成功研制出具有完全自主知识产权的AGS-863航磁全轴梯度勘查系统,并在内蒙古某地进行了航磁全轴梯度试生产。为配合航磁全轴梯度试生产,对系统设计的关键性指标予以实际测试,设计了相关试验,以验证AGS-863航磁全轴梯度勘查系统的稳定性与可靠性。测试结果表明系统具有非常好的同步特性、一致性和长期稳定性以及补偿精度。

航空重、磁异常相关性分析方法及其应用

以我国某海域为例,探讨了航空重、磁相关性分析方法及其应用。通过计算航空重、磁相关系数,结合研究区地质特征,将航空重、磁异常划分为三类:即同源异常、半同源异常和非同源异常,分别描述了这三类异常的重、磁特征,推断了异常源性质及地质特征,不仅减少了研究区地质解释的多解性,而且使解释成果更加符合客观实际。

航空磁测中正常地磁场校正

在地球物理勘探中,磁异常是地磁场同正常地磁场的差,去除正常地磁场背景能够获得磁异常信息,正常地磁场校正是航空磁测资料处理中的必要环节。这里从航空磁测资料处理实际出发,针对正常地磁场计算、校正中坐标系变换、改正方式等关键问题进行分析,同时对行业规范中存在的问题进行讨论,以明确航空磁测中正常地磁场校正处理的方式,这些结论可供地面磁法勘探参考。