Quality of Service Improvement with Optimal Software-Defined Networking Controller and Control Plane Clustering

The controller is indispensable in software-defined networking(SDN).With several features,controllers monitor the network and respond promptly to dynamic changes.Their performance affects the quality-of-service(QoS)in SDN.Every controller supports a set of features.However,the support of the features may be more prominent in one controller.Moreover,a single controller leads to performance,single-point-of-failure(SPOF),and scalability problems.To overcome this,a controller with an optimum feature set must be available for SDN.Furthermore,a cluster of optimum feature set controllers will overcome an SPOF and improve the QoS in SDN.Herein,leveraging an analytical network process(ANP),we rank SDN controllers regarding their supporting features and create a hierarchical control plane based cluster(HCPC)of the highly ranked controller computed using the ANP,evaluating their performance for the OS3E topology.The results demonstrated in Mininet reveal that a HCPC environment with an optimum controller achieves an improved QoS.Moreover,the experimental results validated in Mininet show that our proposed approach surpasses the existing distributed controller clustering(DCC)schemes in terms of several performance metrics i.e.,delay,jitter,throughput,load balancing,scalability and CPU(central processing unit)utilization.

A Tutorial on Quantized Feedback Control

In this tutorial paper, we explore the field of quantized feedback control, which has gained significant attention due to the growing prevalence of networked control systems. These systems require the transmission of feedback information, such as measurements and control signals, over digital networks, presenting novel challenges in estimation and control design. Our examination encompasses various topics, including the minimal information needed for effective feedback control, the design of quantizers, strategies for quantized control design and estimation,achieving consensus control with quantized data, and the pursuit of high-precision tracking using quantized measurements.

INFORMATION DESIGN OF UNIVERSAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM OF PLANE CONTROL NETWORKS

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Smart control plane for information centric network-internet service provider networks

The information centric network(ICN)has been widely discussed in current researches.The ICN interoperation with a traditional IP network and caching methods are one of the research topics of interest.For economic reasons,the capability of applying the ICN to internet service providers(ISPs)with various traditional IP protocols already implemented,especially IGP,MPLS,VRF,and TE,does not require any change on the IP network infrastructure.The biggest concern of ISPs is related to their customers’contents delivery speed.In this paper,we consider ICN caching locations in ISP by using the concept of locator/ID separation protocol(LISP)for interoperation between a traditional IP address and name-based ICN.To be more specific,we propose a new procedure to determine caching locations in the ICN by using the cuckoo search algorithm(CSA)for finding the best caching locations of information chunks.Moreover,we create the smart control plane(SCP)scheme which is an intelligent controlling,managing,and mapping system.Its function is similar to the software defined network concept.We show how the proposed SCP system works in both synthetic small network and real-world big network.Finally,we show and evaluate the performance of our algorithm comparison with the simple search method using the shortest path first algorithm.

A Novel Optical Control Plane for Switching an Electro-Optical Hybrid Node in Translucent WDM Optical Networks

In a translucent network scenario, development of an optical control plane (OCP) that is aware of the location and number of available regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs) is of paramount importance. However, current generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) protocol suite does not consider the distribution of regenerator and AOWC availability information to all the network nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel optical control plane (OCP) architecture that 1) disseminates information about network components (i.e. regenerators and AOWCs) to all the network nodes, and 2) evaluates candidate routes which use fewest amounts of network components. Performance of the proposed OCP is compared with a recently proposed hybrid OCP approach in terms of blocking performance, number of deployed components and lightpath establishment setup times. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed OCP approach demonstrates low connection blocking and establishes lightpaths by 1) minimizing the overall network cost owing to the deployment of minimum total number of network components, and 2) demonstrating acceptable lightpath establishment setup times at all traffic loads. Further, the proposed OCP methodology is compatible and suitable for controlling the operations of a novel electro-optical hybrid translucent node which is a latency efficient technology capable of delivering a cost effective implementation suitable for large scale deployment.

Achieving Consistence for Cross-Domain WAN Control in Software-Defined Networks

When applying Software-Defined Networks(SDN) to WANs,the SDN flexibility enables the cross-domain control to achieve a better control scalability.However,the control consistence is required by all the cross-domain services,to ensure the data plane configured in consensus for different domains.Such consistence process is complicated by potential failure and errors of WANs.In this paper,we propose a consistence layer to actively and passively snapshot the cross-domain control states,to reduce the complexities of service realizations.We implement the layer and evaluate performance in the PlanetLab testbed for the WAN emulation.The testbed conditions are extremely enlarged comparing to the real network.The results show its scalability,reliability and responsiveness in dealing with the control dynamics.In the normalized results,the active and passive snapshots are executed with the mean times of 1.873 s and 105 ms in135 controllers,indicating its readiness to be used in the real network.

A Novel Stateful PCE-Cloud Based Control Architecture of Optical Networks for Cloud Services

The next-generation optical network is a service oriented network,which could be delivered by utilizing the generalized multiprotocol label switching(GMPLS) based control plane to realize lots of intelligent features such as rapid provisioning,automated protection and restoration(P&R),efficient resource allocation,and support for different quality of service(QoS) requirements.In this paper,we propose a novel stateful PCE-cloud(SPC)based architecture of GMPLS optical networks for cloud services.The cloud computing technologies(e.g.virtualization and parallel computing) are applied to the construction of SPC for improving the reliability and maximizing resource utilization.The functions of SPC and GMPLS based control plane are expanded according to the features of cloud services for different QoS requirements.The architecture and detailed description of the components of SPC are provided.Different potential cooperation relationships between public stateful PCE cloud(PSPC) and region stateful PCE cloud(RSPC) are investigated.Moreover,we present the policy-enabled and constraint-based routing scheme base on the cooperation of PSPC and RSPC.Simulation results for verifying the performance of routing and control plane reliability are analyzed.

Phosphorus:Distributed Control Plane Approach for Photonic Grids

G2MPLS is a Network Control Plane(NCP) architecture that implements the concept of Grid Network Services(GNS) required for implementing photonic Grids.It provides part of the functionalities related to the selection,co-allocation and maintenance of both Grid and network resources through a set of seamless procedures at the user-to-network and inter-domain boundaries.G2MPLS' main features and procedures are presented in this document,as well as the considerations to deploy it and facilitate its dissemination.

Fast Verification of Network Configuration Updates

With the expansion of network services,large-scale networks have progressively become common.The network status changes rapidly in response to customer needs and configuration changes,so network configuration changes are also very frequent.However,no matter what changes,the network must ensure the correct conditions,such as isolating tenants from each other or guaranteeing essential services.Once changes occur,it is necessary to verify the after-changed network.Whereas,for the verification of large-scale network configuration changes,many current verifiers show poor efficiency.In order to solve the problem ofmultiple global verifications caused by frequent updates of local configurations in large networks,we present a fast configuration updates verification tool,FastCUV,for distributed control planes.FastCUV aims to enhance the efficiency of distributed control plane verification for medium and large networks while ensuring correctness.This paper presents a method to determine the network range affected by the configuration change.We present a flow model and graph structure to facilitate the design of verification algorithms and speed up verification.Our scheme verifies the network area affected by obtaining the change of the Forwarding Information Base(FIB)before and after.FastCUV supports rich network attributes,meanwhile,has high efficiency and correctness performance.After experimental verification and result analysis,our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method to a certain extent.

软件定义网络中操作成本优化的控制路径恢复

软件定义网络(software defined network,SDN)是一种新兴的网络范式,其解耦了控制平面和数据平面,实现了网络管理的灵活性。然而,控制平面的逻辑集中化带来了新的挑战,即在各种故障情况下确保较高的可用性。文章在带内控制平面的前提下,提出一种控制平面恢复方法,该方法重复利用旧的控制路径规则,并建立相应的数学模型;最终提出一种考虑复用控制规则的树形恢复算法,并证明当控制路径以最短路径树的形式部署时,算法的近似度为3。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的有效性。

可扩展的网络验证技术:研究现状与发展趋势

互联网作为国家信息基础设施的重要组成部分,已经在各个领域发挥着巨大的作用.随着其规模不断扩大和应用持续深入,我们也面临着意图不一致的网络行为可能导致的灾难性危害.为了确保互联网的正常运行和网络行为的一致性,我们迫切需要可部署的网络验证技术,以确保网络运行时的行为与网络运维人员的意图一致.当前已经有许多关于网络验证技术的研究,这些研究帮助用户实现自动检测网络错误,并进一步分析错误产生的原因.然而,为了满足互联网规模不断扩大的需求,可扩展性问题成为在互联网部署网络验证技术的一项重要挑战.即如何在满足时间和空间复杂度约束的前提下,快速发现并排查网络策略的错误,真正将网络验证技术应用于实际,成为一个研究热点.本文从数据面验证和控制面验证两个方面出发,深入研究和总结了现有的网络验证研究工作,并探索了基于时空优化的可扩展性技术,对这些方案的特点进行了系统性分析.最后,本文总结和展望了网络验证可扩展技术的未来研究趋势,为该领域的研究人员提供一定的参考.

基于卷积神经网络的抓取框检测方法

服务型机器人抓取的难点在于物体形状不规则、物体位姿随机性以及背景环境复杂。针对此问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络的机器人抓取方法。该方法以深度图信息作为输入,采用轻量级卷积神经网络将抓取质量、抓取方向和抓取角度映射为热图,根据质量热图中的峰值生成候选抓取框,并从中选取最优抓取框。为验证论文研究方法有效性,基于Cornell抓取数据集进行训练,使用IntelRealSenseD415i深度相机和UR5机械臂搭建实验平台,在真实场景下对随机摆放的物体进行抓取实验。对比试验表明,在Cornell数据集上的准确率和检测速度均有提高,分别达到88.2%和21.0 ms,对数据集之外的物体,抓取成功率达到86%。综上所述,该方法能够快速、精确地对多个物体分别生成抓取框,满足抓取任务的需要。

构建适用于抽水蓄能工程椭球面的GNSS施工控制网平差方法探讨

为解决抽水蓄能电站工程GNSS施工控制网建设过程中椭球面与高程投影面不平行,造成坐标反算距离与全站仪实测距离不一致问题,本文提出一种采用多点拟合平移椭球中心构建适用于抽水蓄能工程椭球面的方法,并通过具体案例验证此方法的可行性,取得了良好的效果。此方法可为抽水蓄能工程施工控制网平差处理提供借鉴。

地铁自动化监测项目平面控制网复核方法探讨

采用自动化全站仪[1]进行地铁保护区监测已经成为国内地铁监测的常规手段。该套自动化监测系统将全站仪安装于监测区域内,两端各设置4个(共8个)后视棱镜作为控制点,后视棱镜设置在影响区域外默认为不动的基准点,测站坐标通过8个后视棱镜实时更新,从而达到监测目的。但由于列车震动等多方面影响8个后视棱镜发生变形[2],会使得整套自动化监测系统发生整体变形,所以自动化后视棱镜需要定期进行人工复核。本文提出一种自动化监测系统平面控制网复核方法,通过在系统两端各设置1个复核支架和2个复核棱镜,再通过导线测量和相关方法解算能有效测量出后视棱镜及监测支架是否发生位移变形及精准求出变形量的大小。

铁路CPⅢ建网测量技术和方法研究

普通铁路的低精度控制网已经无法满足新时期铁路运营维护的需要,采用轨道控制网(CPⅢ)控制测量体系对重建普通铁路控制网具有重要意义。为研究CPⅢ测量技术和方法,本文以某铁路控制网重建项目为例,介绍铁路控制网布设要求,详细介绍CPⅢ加密测量、平面测量、高程测量的技术方法。结果表明,本次建网测量各项控制指标均符合规范要求,研究内容可为相关工程应用提供参考。

SDN在数据中心传输中的自适应流量管理研究

探讨软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)在数据中心传输中的自适应流量管理。SDN架构的关键组成要素包括控制器、应用层和南向接口,通过控制平面和数据平面的分离,实现了网络的灵活性和可编程性。OpenFlow协议作为关键通信协议在SDN中得到广泛应用,为控制器提供了调整数据平面行为的标准化手段。在自适应流量管理方面,控制器通过实时监测和智能调整网络状态,识别瓶颈和拥塞点,并根据不同应用的性能需求进行精确的流量管理决策。基于流和基于应用的自适应管理算法使网络能够灵活适应不同流量负载,提高资源利用效率。流量监测工具如NetFlow和sFlow以及反馈机制在实现自适应流量管理中发挥关键作用,实时感知和调整网络状态,使SDN网络更加智能、适应性更强,并提供了优越的应用体验。未来的研究方向将关注SDN中自适应流量管理的创新策略,推动网络技术不断进步。

SR技术在二层虚拟专网中基于MPLS的实现与性能分析

文章聚焦于分段路由(Segment Routing,SR)技术在多协议标签交换(Multiprotocol Label Switching,MPLS)中的应用,尤其关注其在二层虚拟专网(Layer 2 Virtual Private Network,L2VPN)中的实现和性能。SR通过标签堆栈实现路径动态引导。控制平面协同工作进行路径计算、标签分配和拓扑管理,数据平面执行实际数据包传输。然后进行性能测试,将测试结果与传统方法进行对比对比,结果表明SR在二层虚拟专网中性能优于传统的传输方式。

高速铁路平面基础控制网复测数据处理及精度分析

平面精密控制网工程已成为高速铁路建设的一个重要组成部分,其精度对后续施工起决定性作用。以某新建高速铁路平面基础控制网复测为例,介绍了复测方案,对外业数据采集、内业数据处理的要求和方法进行实例分析,对平差成果使用坐标较差、坐标较差相对精度指标进行观测精度评定,测量成果各项指标满足规范相关规定。

A Safe and Reliable Heterogeneous Controller Deployment Approach in SDN

Software-Defined Networking(SDN)provides flexible and global network management by decoupling control plane from data plane,and multiple controllers are deployed in the network in a logically centralized and physically distributed way.However,the existing approaches generally deploy the controllers with the same type in the network,which easily causes homogeneous controller common-mode fault.To this end,this paper proposes heterogeneous controller deployment in the SDN,considering the different types of controllers and relevant criteria(e.g.,delay,control link interruption rate,and controller fault rate).Then,we introduce a Safe and Reliable Heterogeneous Controller Deployment(SRHCD)approach,consisting of two stages.Stage 1 determines the type and the number of heterogeneous controllers required for the SDN network based on the dynamic programming.Stage 2 divides the SDN network into multiple subnets by k-means algorithm and improves the genetic algorithm to optimize the heterogeneous controller deployment in these SDN subnets to ensure reliable switch-controller communications.Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the control plane fault rate and increase the attack difficulties.Besides,the switch-controller delay has been lowered by 16.5%averagely.

A Frameless Network Architecture for the Way Forward of C-RAN

The key technologies involved in the evolution of the Cloud-based Radio Access Network(C-RAN) are discussed in this paper. Taking the Frameless Network Architecture(FNA) as a starting point, a cell-lessbased network topology for a multi-tier Heterogeneous Network(Het Net) and ultra-dense network is proposed. The FNA network topology modeling is researched with centralized processing and distributed antenna deployments. The Antenna Element(AE) is released as a new dimensional radio resource that is included in the centralized Radio Resource Management(RRM) processes. This contributes to the on-demand user-centric serving-set associations with cell-edge effect elimination. The Control Plane(CP) and User Plane(UP) separation and adaptation are introduced for energy efficiency improvements. The centralized RRM and different optimization goals are discussed for fully exploring the merits from the centralized computing of C-RAN. Considering the complexity, near-optimal approaches for specific users' Quality-of-Service(Qo S) requirements are addressed. Finally, based on the research highlighted above, the way forward of C-RAN evolution is discussed.