The hairpin probe using microwave resonance in plasma is applicable to high pressure 1.33 ×10^3-1.01×10^5 Pa）） as developed recently. In this work, an analytic model of the hairpin resonator probe surround...The hairpin probe using microwave resonance in plasma is applicable to high pressure 1.33 ×10^3-1.01×10^5 Pa）） as developed recently. In this work, an analytic model of the hairpin resonator probe surrounded by a thin dielectric layer and a sheath layer is proposed. The correction factor due to these surroundings is analytically found and confirmed by electromagnetic field finite difference time domain simulation, thus enabling the accurate measurement of electron density in a high-pressure non-equilibrium uniform discharge.展开更多
While Unleaded gasoline has the advantage of eliminating lead from automobile exhaust, its potential to reduce the exhaust gas and particles, merits further examination. In the present studies,the concentrations of hy...While Unleaded gasoline has the advantage of eliminating lead from automobile exhaust, its potential to reduce the exhaust gas and particles, merits further examination. In the present studies,the concentrations of hydrocarbons (HC) and earbon monoxides (CO) in emissions were analyzed on Santana engine Dynamometer under a standard test cycle, and total exhaust particles were collected from engines using leaded and unleaded gasoline. It was found that unleaded gasoline reduced the emissions of CO and HC, and decreased the quantity of vehicle exhaust particulate matters by 60%.With the unlead gasoline, only 23 kinds of organic substances, adsorbed in the particles, were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) while 32 components were detected using the leaded gasoline. The results of in vitro Salmonella/ microsomal test and micronucleus induction assay in CHL cells indicated that both types of gasoline increased the number of histidine-independent colonies and the frequencies of micronucleus induction; no significant differellce was found in their mutagenicity.展开更多
By means of improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ pressure-induced shifts （PS＇s） and the PS＇s due to electron-phonon interaction （EPI） of R1 line and R2 line of YAG：Cr^3＋ have been calculated, ...By means of improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ pressure-induced shifts （PS＇s） and the PS＇s due to electron-phonon interaction （EPI） of R1 line and R2 line of YAG：Cr^3＋ have been calculated, respectively. The calculated results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. It is demonstrated that the admixture of │t^2 2（^3T1）e^4T2〉 and │t^3 2 ^2E〉 bases in the wavefunction of RI level of YAG：Crs＋ and its change with pressure play a key role for the PS of RI line. The behaviors of the ＂pure electronic＂ PS of RI line and the PS of RI line due to EPI are different. It is the combined eEect of them that gives rise to the total PS of R1 line, which has satisfactorily explained the experimental results. The systematic analyses and comparisons between the feature of R1-line PS of YAG：Cr^3＋ and the ones of three laser crystals （GSGG：Cr^3＋, GGG：Cr^3＋ and ruby） have been made, and the origin of the difference between them has been revealed.展开更多
By means of an improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ PS and the PS due to EPI of R line of MgO： V^2＋ have been calculated, respectively. The calculated results are in very good agreement with the exp...By means of an improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ PS and the PS due to EPI of R line of MgO： V^2＋ have been calculated, respectively. The calculated results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The behaviors of the pure electronic PS of R line of MgO：V^2＋ and the PS of its R line due to EPI are different. It is the combined effect of them that gives rise to the total PS of R line, which has satisfactorily explained the experimental results. The mixing-degree of ｜t2^2（^3T1）e^4T2〉 and ｜t2^3 ^2E〉 in the wavefunetion of R level and its variation with pressure have been calculated and analyzed. The comparison between the feature of R-line PS of MgO：V^2＋ and that of MgO：Cr^3＋ has been made.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10835004 )the 2nd Knowledge Cluster Research Project of Japan:Tokai Region Nanotechnology Manufacturing Cluster (Innovation of Environment Friendly Highly Functional Materials and Devices)
文摘The hairpin probe using microwave resonance in plasma is applicable to high pressure 1.33 ×10^3-1.01×10^5 Pa）） as developed recently. In this work, an analytic model of the hairpin resonator probe surrounded by a thin dielectric layer and a sheath layer is proposed. The correction factor due to these surroundings is analytically found and confirmed by electromagnetic field finite difference time domain simulation, thus enabling the accurate measurement of electron density in a high-pressure non-equilibrium uniform discharge.
文摘While Unleaded gasoline has the advantage of eliminating lead from automobile exhaust, its potential to reduce the exhaust gas and particles, merits further examination. In the present studies,the concentrations of hydrocarbons (HC) and earbon monoxides (CO) in emissions were analyzed on Santana engine Dynamometer under a standard test cycle, and total exhaust particles were collected from engines using leaded and unleaded gasoline. It was found that unleaded gasoline reduced the emissions of CO and HC, and decreased the quantity of vehicle exhaust particulate matters by 60%.With the unlead gasoline, only 23 kinds of organic substances, adsorbed in the particles, were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) while 32 components were detected using the leaded gasoline. The results of in vitro Salmonella/ microsomal test and micronucleus induction assay in CHL cells indicated that both types of gasoline increased the number of histidine-independent colonies and the frequencies of micronucleus induction; no significant differellce was found in their mutagenicity.
文摘By means of improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ pressure-induced shifts （PS＇s） and the PS＇s due to electron-phonon interaction （EPI） of R1 line and R2 line of YAG：Cr^3＋ have been calculated, respectively. The calculated results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. It is demonstrated that the admixture of │t^2 2（^3T1）e^4T2〉 and │t^3 2 ^2E〉 bases in the wavefunction of RI level of YAG：Crs＋ and its change with pressure play a key role for the PS of RI line. The behaviors of the ＂pure electronic＂ PS of RI line and the PS of RI line due to EPI are different. It is the combined eEect of them that gives rise to the total PS of R1 line, which has satisfactorily explained the experimental results. The systematic analyses and comparisons between the feature of R1-line PS of YAG：Cr^3＋ and the ones of three laser crystals （GSGG：Cr^3＋, GGG：Cr^3＋ and ruby） have been made, and the origin of the difference between them has been revealed.
文摘By means of an improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ PS and the PS due to EPI of R line of MgO： V^2＋ have been calculated, respectively. The calculated results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The behaviors of the pure electronic PS of R line of MgO：V^2＋ and the PS of its R line due to EPI are different. It is the combined effect of them that gives rise to the total PS of R line, which has satisfactorily explained the experimental results. The mixing-degree of ｜t2^2（^3T1）e^4T2〉 and ｜t2^3 ^2E〉 in the wavefunetion of R level and its variation with pressure have been calculated and analyzed. The comparison between the feature of R-line PS of MgO：V^2＋ and that of MgO：Cr^3＋ has been made.
