Physical chemistry experiments are an important branch of chemical experiments.In view of problems and shortcomings in physical chemistry experiment teaching of food quality and safety major in Chengdu University,the ...Physical chemistry experiments are an important branch of chemical experiments.In view of problems and shortcomings in physical chemistry experiment teaching of food quality and safety major in Chengdu University,the teaching methods of physical chemistry experiment course of food quality and safety major were explored and practiced,aiming to arouse students enthusiasm for experiments and cultivate their ability of independent learning,comprehensive thinking and independent problem solving.展开更多
Aiming at the needs of mechanism analysis of rainstorms and development of numerical prediction models in south China, the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration ...Aiming at the needs of mechanism analysis of rainstorms and development of numerical prediction models in south China, the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration and the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences jointly set up the Longmen Cloud Physics Field Experiment Base,China Meteorological Administration. This paper introduces the instruments and field experiments of this base, provides an overview of the recent advances in retrieval algorithms of microphysical parameters, improved understanding of microphysical characteristics, as well as the formation mechanisms and numerical prediction of heavy rainfalls in south China based on the field experiments dataset.展开更多
Modelling of migration and accumulation of elements Au and Ag in rocks under temperatures of 350–450°C and a confining pressure of 300 MPa and axial pressure of 100–150 MPa is conducted. It is found that the co...Modelling of migration and accumulation of elements Au and Ag in rocks under temperatures of 350–450°C and a confining pressure of 300 MPa and axial pressure of 100–150 MPa is conducted. It is found that the contents of gold and silver get higher in metallic sulphides such as pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite as well as in quartz and muscovite, and get lower in chlorite, biotite, seriate, albite and calcite, showing that tectono-dynamics is one of the important factors for petrogenesis and metallogenesis.展开更多
Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different phys...Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth's surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...展开更多
The experimental results of the reactions between an alkaline basaltic melt and mantle orthopyroxenes under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 1300–1400℃ and 2.0–3.0 GPa using a six-anvil apparatus ar...The experimental results of the reactions between an alkaline basaltic melt and mantle orthopyroxenes under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 1300–1400℃ and 2.0–3.0 GPa using a six-anvil apparatus are reported in this paper.The reactions are proposed to simulate the interactions between melts from the asthenospheric mantle and the lithospheric mantle.The starting melt in the experiments was made from the alkaline basalt occurring in Fuxin,Liaoning Province,and the orthopyroxenes were separated from the mantle xenoliths in Damaping,Hebei Province.The results show that clinopyroxenes were formed in all the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes under the studied P–T conditions.The formation of clinopyroxene in the reaction zone is mainly controlled by dissolution–crystallization,and the chemical compositions of the reacted melt are primarily infl uenced by the diff usion eff ect.Temperature is the most important parameter controlling the reactions between the melt and orthopyroxenes,which has a direct impact on the melting of orthopyroxenes and the diff usion of chemical components in the melt.Temperature also directly controls the chemical compositions of the newly formed clinopyroxenes in the reaction zone and the reacted melt.The formation of clinopyroxenes from the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes can result in an increase of CaO and Al_(2)O_(3) contents in the rocks containing this mineral.Therefore,the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt from the asthenospheric mantle and orthopyroxenes from the lithospheric mantle can lead to the evolution of lithospheric mantle in the North China Craton from refractory to fertile with relatively high CaO and Al 2 O 3 contents.In addition,the reacted melts in some runs were transformed from the starting alkaline basaltic into tholeiitic after reactions,indicating that tholeiitic magma could be generated from alkaline basaltic one via reactions between the latter and orthopyroxene.展开更多
A first experimental study on two-phase how patterns at a long-term, steady microgravity condition was conducted on board the Russian Space Station 'MIR' in August 1999. Carbogal and air are used as the liquid...A first experimental study on two-phase how patterns at a long-term, steady microgravity condition was conducted on board the Russian Space Station 'MIR' in August 1999. Carbogal and air are used as the liquid and the gas phase, respectively. Bubble, slug, slug-annular transitional, and annular hows are observed. A new region of annular how with lower liquid superficial velocity is discovered, and the region of the slug-annular transitional flow is wider than that observed by experiments on board the parabolic aircraft. The main patterns are bubble, slug-annular transitional and annular flows based on the experiments on board MIR space station. Some influences on the two-phase how patterns in the present experiments are discussed.展开更多
Purpose: The aim of this study was to illuminate the connotation of “dilemma” regarding the use of physical restraint on elderly patients as represented by female nurses working in general wards at community hospita...Purpose: The aim of this study was to illuminate the connotation of “dilemma” regarding the use of physical restraint on elderly patients as represented by female nurses working in general wards at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home. Method: The study used the questionnaire method with an independently prepared questionnaire. Participants: The objective of the study was explained to the persons in charge of nursing in the selected 17 hospitals, and 1929. Finally, this study of participants were 524 female nurses working in general 54 wards (excluding the emergency wards of psychiatry, pediatrics, obstetrics, outpatients, operating rooms, and intensive care units) at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home. Results and conclusions: Cronbach’s overall coefficient for the 20 items of dilemma was high (0.78) and the factor analysis extracted four dilemma factors as having a characteristic value of 1 (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure value = 0.81) with a cumulative contribution ratio of 64.5%. The high Cronbach’s for these items (0.86, 0.88, 0.87 and 0.81) confirmed the internal consistencies. With respect to the dilemma where nurses working in general wards at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home are faced with the physical restraint of elderly persons, four factors in the clarification of the dilemma were extracted: accomplishment of medical-treatment and accident prevention, characteristic features in nursing for elderly patients with dementia, healthcare professional relationship in nursing for elderly patients with dementia, and priorities on the accident prevention for elderly patients with dementia. Therefore, the construction of four systems to cope with these dilemmas is suggested. These systems would enable practising nurses to: (i) institution of policies to encourage discussion between nurses and other medical staff to reach consensus on treatment;(ii) allocating elderly care specialists to wards to promote alternatives to restraints;(iii) establishment of safety standards to define nurses’ responsibilities;and (iv) institution of continuous ethical education for nurses.展开更多
The physiological structure of the upper respiratory tract is complex and varies with each individual,and the circulating air has turbulent performance.In this paper,based on computed tomography(CT)medical images publ...The physiological structure of the upper respiratory tract is complex and varies with each individual,and the circulating air has turbulent performance.In this paper,based on computed tomography(CT)medical images published online and the three-dimensional(3D)printing technology,a 3D model of the human upper respiratory tract was reconstructed and an experimental device of the upper respiratory tract was made.We implemented the respiratory experiment and measured the flow rate,and a scale-adaptive κ-ω model is applied for numerical simulation,the results are in good agreement.The flow field during respiratory was analyzed by coronal velocity cross section,vortex line and particle tracks.We found that the relatively strong shear effect happens at the areas of nasal valve and nasopharynx.In the middle and upper nasal tract,vortex line separation occurs and there is significant passage effect.The results indicate that SAS method is effective in studying upper respiratory airflow.展开更多
There is an urgent need for high-quality and high-frequency clock generators for high-energy physics experiments.The transmission data rate exceeds 10 Gbps for a single channel in future readout electronics of silicon...There is an urgent need for high-quality and high-frequency clock generators for high-energy physics experiments.The transmission data rate exceeds 10 Gbps for a single channel in future readout electronics of silicon pixel detectors.Others,such as time measurement detectors,require a high time resolution based on the time-to-digital readout architecture.A phase-locked loop(PLL)is an essential and broadly used circuit in these applications.This study presents an application-specific integrated circuit of a low-jitter,low-power LC-tank that is PLL fabricated using 55-nm CMOS technology.It includes a 3rd-order frequency synthesis loop with a programmable bandwidth,a divide-by-2 pre-scaler,standard low-voltage differential signaling interfaces,and a current mode logic(CML)driver for clock transmissions.All the d-flip-flop dividers and phase-frequency detectors are protected from single-event upsets using the triple modular redundancy technique.The proposed VCO uses low-pass filters to suppress the noise from bias circuits.The tested LC-PLL covers a frequency locking range between 4.74 GHz and 5.92 GHz with two sub-bands.The jitter measurements of the frequency-halved clock(2.56 GHz)are less than 460 fs and 0.8 ps for the random and deterministic jitters,respectively,and a total of 7.5 ps peak-to-peak with a bit error rate of 10^(-12).The random and total jitter values for frequencies of 426 MHz and 20 MHz are less than 1.8 ps and 65 ps,respectively.The LC-PLL consumed 27 mW for the core and 73.8 mW in total.The measured results nearly coincided with the simulations and validated the analyses and tests.展开更多
JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the are...JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the areas of standard ELMy H-mode, D-T operation and advancedtokamak modes. In ELMy H-mode the separation of plasma energy into core and pedestal contributionsshows that core confinement scales like gyroBohm transport. High triangularity has a beneficialeffect on confinement and leads to an integrated plasma performance exceeding the ITER Q =10reference case. A revised type I ELM scaling predicts acceptable ELM energy losses for ITER, whileprogress in physics understanding of NTMs shows how to control them in ITER. The D-T experiments of1997 have validated ICRF scenarios for heating ITER/a reactor and identified ion minority schemes(e.g. (~3He)DT) with strong ion heating. They also show that the slowing down of alpha particles isclassical so that the self-heating by fusion alphas should cause no unexpected problems. With thePellet Enhanced Performance mode of 1988, JET has produced the first advanced tokamak mode, withpeaked pressure profiles sustained by reversed magnetic shear and strongly reduced transport. Morerecently, LHCD has provided easy tuning of reversed shear and reliable access to ITBs. Improvedphysics understanding shows that rational g-surfaces play a key role in the formation anddevelopment of ITBs. The demonstration of real time feedback control of plasma current and pressureprofiles opens the path towards fully controlled steady-state tokamak plasmas.展开更多
SJ-10 is a recoverable scientific experiment satellite specially for the space experiments of microgravity physics science and space life science.This mission was officially started on 31 December 2012,and the satelli...SJ-10 is a recoverable scientific experiment satellite specially for the space experiments of microgravity physics science and space life science.This mission was officially started on 31 December 2012,and the satellite was launched on 6 April 2016.This paper introduces briefly the SJ-10 mission,the progress of SJ-10 engineering and the project constitution of sciences experiments onboard SJ-10.The purpose of this mission is to discover the law of matter movement and the rule of life activity that cannot be discovered on the ground due to the existence of gravity,and to know the acting mechanism on organisms by the complex radiation of space that cannot be simulated on the ground.展开更多
The author will show that neither the Schwarzschild metric nor the metric introduced in 1916 by Schwarzschild describes the data produced by the time delay experiment by Shapiro et al. The author will describe the phy...The author will show that neither the Schwarzschild metric nor the metric introduced in 1916 by Schwarzschild describes the data produced by the time delay experiment by Shapiro et al. The author will describe the physical metric that will explain the time delay experiment data correctly as a solution to Einstein Equation of General Relativity. Other tests of General Relativity, the bending of light, the advancement of perihelia, gravitational red shift and gravitational lensing are satisfied by both the Schwarzschild metric and author’s physical metric.展开更多
The old classical problems of theoretical physics are revisited from the point of view of nonlocal physics. Nonlocal physics leads to very complicated mathematical apparatus. Here, we explain the main principles of no...The old classical problems of theoretical physics are revisited from the point of view of nonlocal physics. Nonlocal physics leads to very complicated mathematical apparatus. Here, we explain the main principles of nonlocal physics using transparent considerations and animations.展开更多
The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil i...The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because the cost of offshore oil well is very high, the casing damage will cause huge economic losses. What's more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective methods of detecting casing damage are required badly. The accumulation of stress is the main reason for the casing damage. Magnetic anisotropy technique based on counter magnetostriction effect can detect the stress of casing in real time and help us to find out the hidden dangers in time. It is essential for us to prevent the casing damage from occurring. However, such technique is still in the development stage. Previous studies mostly got the relationship between stress and magnetic signals by physical experiment, and the study of physical mechanism in relative magnetic permeability connecting the stress and magnetic signals is rarely reported. The present paper uses the ANSYS to do the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation to study how the relative magnetic permeability works for the oil casing model. We find that the quantitative relationship between the stress' s variation and magnetic induction intensity's variation is: Δδ =K* ΔB, K = 8.04×109, which is proved correct by physical experiment.展开更多
This paper presents a novel experiment to observe the whole water entry process of a free-falling sphere into a regular wave.A time-accurate synchronizing system modulates the moment elaborately to ensure the sphere i...This paper presents a novel experiment to observe the whole water entry process of a free-falling sphere into a regular wave.A time-accurate synchronizing system modulates the moment elaborately to ensure the sphere impacting onto the water surface at the desirable wave phase.Four high-speed cameras focus locally to measure the high-precision size of the cavity evolution.Meanwhile,the aggregated field view of the camera array covers both the splash above the free surface and the entire cavity in the wave.The detailed methodologies are described and verified for the hardware set-up and the image post-processing.The theoretical maximum deviation is 1.7%on the space scale.The integral morphology of the cavity is captured precisely in the coordinate system during the sphere penetrates through the water at four representative wave phases and the still water.The result shows that the horizontal velocity of the fluid particle in the wave impels the cavity and changes the shape distinctly.Notably,the wave motion causes the cavity to pinch offearlier at the wave trough phase and later at the wave crest phase than in the still water.The wave motion influences the falling process of the sphere slightly in the present parameters.展开更多
Due to safety concerns and habitat restoration for landlocked salmon,a 13-m high check dam on Chijiawan Creek was removed in late May 2011 in Taiwan.We conducted experiments to understand channel evolution of differen...Due to safety concerns and habitat restoration for landlocked salmon,a 13-m high check dam on Chijiawan Creek was removed in late May 2011 in Taiwan.We conducted experiments to understand channel evolution of different scenarios.We further compared our experimental results of riverbed elevation changes with the analytical solutions derived from the diffusion equation and field dynamics as well after the creek experienced the first flood event.The results indicated that magnitude of discharges and notch size are dominant factors in resulting channel evolution.While the largest differences between grain size distribution are associated with discharge,the largest differences in net change in upstream volume are associated with notch size.While the theoretical equation could help understand the channel change after dam removal,it only explained the evolution closer to the dam.The physical experiments,on the other hand,provided insights especially with regard to comparing alternative proposed management actions.The discrepancies between predicted and actual outcome highlight more needed inputs for future dam-removal assessments.展开更多
文摘Physical chemistry experiments are an important branch of chemical experiments.In view of problems and shortcomings in physical chemistry experiment teaching of food quality and safety major in Chengdu University,the teaching methods of physical chemistry experiment course of food quality and safety major were explored and practiced,aiming to arouse students enthusiasm for experiments and cultivate their ability of independent learning,comprehensive thinking and independent problem solving.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22422203,42030610,41975138,41975046,42075086,42275008)the High-level Science and Technology Journals Projects of Guangdong Province(214040990009)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant(2017YFC1501701,2017YFC1501703)Science and Technology Foundation of CAMS(2020KJ021)。
文摘Aiming at the needs of mechanism analysis of rainstorms and development of numerical prediction models in south China, the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration and the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences jointly set up the Longmen Cloud Physics Field Experiment Base,China Meteorological Administration. This paper introduces the instruments and field experiments of this base, provides an overview of the recent advances in retrieval algorithms of microphysical parameters, improved understanding of microphysical characteristics, as well as the formation mechanisms and numerical prediction of heavy rainfalls in south China based on the field experiments dataset.
文摘Modelling of migration and accumulation of elements Au and Ag in rocks under temperatures of 350–450°C and a confining pressure of 300 MPa and axial pressure of 100–150 MPa is conducted. It is found that the contents of gold and silver get higher in metallic sulphides such as pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite as well as in quartz and muscovite, and get lower in chlorite, biotite, seriate, albite and calcite, showing that tectono-dynamics is one of the important factors for petrogenesis and metallogenesis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40275004)State Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Physics and Chemistry
文摘Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth's surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41472065 and 42073059).
文摘The experimental results of the reactions between an alkaline basaltic melt and mantle orthopyroxenes under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 1300–1400℃ and 2.0–3.0 GPa using a six-anvil apparatus are reported in this paper.The reactions are proposed to simulate the interactions between melts from the asthenospheric mantle and the lithospheric mantle.The starting melt in the experiments was made from the alkaline basalt occurring in Fuxin,Liaoning Province,and the orthopyroxenes were separated from the mantle xenoliths in Damaping,Hebei Province.The results show that clinopyroxenes were formed in all the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes under the studied P–T conditions.The formation of clinopyroxene in the reaction zone is mainly controlled by dissolution–crystallization,and the chemical compositions of the reacted melt are primarily infl uenced by the diff usion eff ect.Temperature is the most important parameter controlling the reactions between the melt and orthopyroxenes,which has a direct impact on the melting of orthopyroxenes and the diff usion of chemical components in the melt.Temperature also directly controls the chemical compositions of the newly formed clinopyroxenes in the reaction zone and the reacted melt.The formation of clinopyroxenes from the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes can result in an increase of CaO and Al_(2)O_(3) contents in the rocks containing this mineral.Therefore,the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt from the asthenospheric mantle and orthopyroxenes from the lithospheric mantle can lead to the evolution of lithospheric mantle in the North China Craton from refractory to fertile with relatively high CaO and Al 2 O 3 contents.In addition,the reacted melts in some runs were transformed from the starting alkaline basaltic into tholeiitic after reactions,indicating that tholeiitic magma could be generated from alkaline basaltic one via reactions between the latter and orthopyroxene.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19789201)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (95-Yu-34)The Post-doctoral Science Foundation of China
文摘A first experimental study on two-phase how patterns at a long-term, steady microgravity condition was conducted on board the Russian Space Station 'MIR' in August 1999. Carbogal and air are used as the liquid and the gas phase, respectively. Bubble, slug, slug-annular transitional, and annular hows are observed. A new region of annular how with lower liquid superficial velocity is discovered, and the region of the slug-annular transitional flow is wider than that observed by experiments on board the parabolic aircraft. The main patterns are bubble, slug-annular transitional and annular flows based on the experiments on board MIR space station. Some influences on the two-phase how patterns in the present experiments are discussed.
文摘Purpose: The aim of this study was to illuminate the connotation of “dilemma” regarding the use of physical restraint on elderly patients as represented by female nurses working in general wards at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home. Method: The study used the questionnaire method with an independently prepared questionnaire. Participants: The objective of the study was explained to the persons in charge of nursing in the selected 17 hospitals, and 1929. Finally, this study of participants were 524 female nurses working in general 54 wards (excluding the emergency wards of psychiatry, pediatrics, obstetrics, outpatients, operating rooms, and intensive care units) at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home. Results and conclusions: Cronbach’s overall coefficient for the 20 items of dilemma was high (0.78) and the factor analysis extracted four dilemma factors as having a characteristic value of 1 (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure value = 0.81) with a cumulative contribution ratio of 64.5%. The high Cronbach’s for these items (0.86, 0.88, 0.87 and 0.81) confirmed the internal consistencies. With respect to the dilemma where nurses working in general wards at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home are faced with the physical restraint of elderly persons, four factors in the clarification of the dilemma were extracted: accomplishment of medical-treatment and accident prevention, characteristic features in nursing for elderly patients with dementia, healthcare professional relationship in nursing for elderly patients with dementia, and priorities on the accident prevention for elderly patients with dementia. Therefore, the construction of four systems to cope with these dilemmas is suggested. These systems would enable practising nurses to: (i) institution of policies to encourage discussion between nurses and other medical staff to reach consensus on treatment;(ii) allocating elderly care specialists to wards to promote alternatives to restraints;(iii) establishment of safety standards to define nurses’ responsibilities;and (iv) institution of continuous ethical education for nurses.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant 17LGJC41)
文摘The physiological structure of the upper respiratory tract is complex and varies with each individual,and the circulating air has turbulent performance.In this paper,based on computed tomography(CT)medical images published online and the three-dimensional(3D)printing technology,a 3D model of the human upper respiratory tract was reconstructed and an experimental device of the upper respiratory tract was made.We implemented the respiratory experiment and measured the flow rate,and a scale-adaptive κ-ω model is applied for numerical simulation,the results are in good agreement.The flow field during respiratory was analyzed by coronal velocity cross section,vortex line and particle tracks.We found that the relatively strong shear effect happens at the areas of nasal valve and nasopharynx.In the middle and upper nasal tract,vortex line separation occurs and there is significant passage effect.The results indicate that SAS method is effective in studying upper respiratory airflow.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005245,12075100,and 11775244)by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(No.2020000165)from the Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金partially funded by the Scientific Instrument Development Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDKYYQ20200007)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y201905).
文摘There is an urgent need for high-quality and high-frequency clock generators for high-energy physics experiments.The transmission data rate exceeds 10 Gbps for a single channel in future readout electronics of silicon pixel detectors.Others,such as time measurement detectors,require a high time resolution based on the time-to-digital readout architecture.A phase-locked loop(PLL)is an essential and broadly used circuit in these applications.This study presents an application-specific integrated circuit of a low-jitter,low-power LC-tank that is PLL fabricated using 55-nm CMOS technology.It includes a 3rd-order frequency synthesis loop with a programmable bandwidth,a divide-by-2 pre-scaler,standard low-voltage differential signaling interfaces,and a current mode logic(CML)driver for clock transmissions.All the d-flip-flop dividers and phase-frequency detectors are protected from single-event upsets using the triple modular redundancy technique.The proposed VCO uses low-pass filters to suppress the noise from bias circuits.The tested LC-PLL covers a frequency locking range between 4.74 GHz and 5.92 GHz with two sub-bands.The jitter measurements of the frequency-halved clock(2.56 GHz)are less than 460 fs and 0.8 ps for the random and deterministic jitters,respectively,and a total of 7.5 ps peak-to-peak with a bit error rate of 10^(-12).The random and total jitter values for frequencies of 426 MHz and 20 MHz are less than 1.8 ps and 65 ps,respectively.The LC-PLL consumed 27 mW for the core and 73.8 mW in total.The measured results nearly coincided with the simulations and validated the analyses and tests.
文摘JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the areas of standard ELMy H-mode, D-T operation and advancedtokamak modes. In ELMy H-mode the separation of plasma energy into core and pedestal contributionsshows that core confinement scales like gyroBohm transport. High triangularity has a beneficialeffect on confinement and leads to an integrated plasma performance exceeding the ITER Q =10reference case. A revised type I ELM scaling predicts acceptable ELM energy losses for ITER, whileprogress in physics understanding of NTMs shows how to control them in ITER. The D-T experiments of1997 have validated ICRF scenarios for heating ITER/a reactor and identified ion minority schemes(e.g. (~3He)DT) with strong ion heating. They also show that the slowing down of alpha particles isclassical so that the self-heating by fusion alphas should cause no unexpected problems. With thePellet Enhanced Performance mode of 1988, JET has produced the first advanced tokamak mode, withpeaked pressure profiles sustained by reversed magnetic shear and strongly reduced transport. Morerecently, LHCD has provided easy tuning of reversed shear and reliable access to ITBs. Improvedphysics understanding shows that rational g-surfaces play a key role in the formation anddevelopment of ITBs. The demonstration of real time feedback control of plasma current and pressureprofiles opens the path towards fully controlled steady-state tokamak plasmas.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA04020000)United Funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘SJ-10 is a recoverable scientific experiment satellite specially for the space experiments of microgravity physics science and space life science.This mission was officially started on 31 December 2012,and the satellite was launched on 6 April 2016.This paper introduces briefly the SJ-10 mission,the progress of SJ-10 engineering and the project constitution of sciences experiments onboard SJ-10.The purpose of this mission is to discover the law of matter movement and the rule of life activity that cannot be discovered on the ground due to the existence of gravity,and to know the acting mechanism on organisms by the complex radiation of space that cannot be simulated on the ground.
文摘The author will show that neither the Schwarzschild metric nor the metric introduced in 1916 by Schwarzschild describes the data produced by the time delay experiment by Shapiro et al. The author will describe the physical metric that will explain the time delay experiment data correctly as a solution to Einstein Equation of General Relativity. Other tests of General Relativity, the bending of light, the advancement of perihelia, gravitational red shift and gravitational lensing are satisfied by both the Schwarzschild metric and author’s physical metric.
文摘The old classical problems of theoretical physics are revisited from the point of view of nonlocal physics. Nonlocal physics leads to very complicated mathematical apparatus. Here, we explain the main principles of nonlocal physics using transparent considerations and animations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41174157)
文摘The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because the cost of offshore oil well is very high, the casing damage will cause huge economic losses. What's more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective methods of detecting casing damage are required badly. The accumulation of stress is the main reason for the casing damage. Magnetic anisotropy technique based on counter magnetostriction effect can detect the stress of casing in real time and help us to find out the hidden dangers in time. It is essential for us to prevent the casing damage from occurring. However, such technique is still in the development stage. Previous studies mostly got the relationship between stress and magnetic signals by physical experiment, and the study of physical mechanism in relative magnetic permeability connecting the stress and magnetic signals is rarely reported. The present paper uses the ANSYS to do the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation to study how the relative magnetic permeability works for the oil casing model. We find that the quantitative relationship between the stress' s variation and magnetic induction intensity's variation is: Δδ =K* ΔB, K = 8.04×109, which is proved correct by physical experiment.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102262,U22136010 and 11632012).
文摘This paper presents a novel experiment to observe the whole water entry process of a free-falling sphere into a regular wave.A time-accurate synchronizing system modulates the moment elaborately to ensure the sphere impacting onto the water surface at the desirable wave phase.Four high-speed cameras focus locally to measure the high-precision size of the cavity evolution.Meanwhile,the aggregated field view of the camera array covers both the splash above the free surface and the entire cavity in the wave.The detailed methodologies are described and verified for the hardware set-up and the image post-processing.The theoretical maximum deviation is 1.7%on the space scale.The integral morphology of the cavity is captured precisely in the coordinate system during the sphere penetrates through the water at four representative wave phases and the still water.The result shows that the horizontal velocity of the fluid particle in the wave impels the cavity and changes the shape distinctly.Notably,the wave motion causes the cavity to pinch offearlier at the wave trough phase and later at the wave crest phase than in the still water.The wave motion influences the falling process of the sphere slightly in the present parameters.
文摘Due to safety concerns and habitat restoration for landlocked salmon,a 13-m high check dam on Chijiawan Creek was removed in late May 2011 in Taiwan.We conducted experiments to understand channel evolution of different scenarios.We further compared our experimental results of riverbed elevation changes with the analytical solutions derived from the diffusion equation and field dynamics as well after the creek experienced the first flood event.The results indicated that magnitude of discharges and notch size are dominant factors in resulting channel evolution.While the largest differences between grain size distribution are associated with discharge,the largest differences in net change in upstream volume are associated with notch size.While the theoretical equation could help understand the channel change after dam removal,it only explained the evolution closer to the dam.The physical experiments,on the other hand,provided insights especially with regard to comparing alternative proposed management actions.The discrepancies between predicted and actual outcome highlight more needed inputs for future dam-removal assessments.