Enhanced recovery of high-purity Fe powder from iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue by slurry electrolysis

Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In this study,the slurry electrolysis technique was used to recover high-purity Fe powder from IREMR.The effects of IREMR and H2SO4 mass ratio,current density,reaction temper-ature,and electrolytic time on the leaching and current efficiencies of Fe were studied.According to the results,high-purity Fe powder can be recovered from the cathode plate,and the slurry electrolyte can be recycled.The leaching efficiency,current efficiency,and purity of Fe reached 92.58%,80.65%,and 98.72wt%,respectively,at a 1:2.5 mass ratio of H2SO4 and IREMR,reaction temperature of 60℃,electric current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),and reaction time of 8 h.In addition,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analysis showed that the coercivity of electrolytic iron powder was 54.5 A/m,which reached the advanced magnetic grade of electrical pure-iron powder(DT4A coercivity standard).The slurry electrolytic method provides fundamental support for the industrial application of Fe resource recovery in IRMER.

Valence states, impurities and electrocrystallization behaviors during molten salt electrorefining for preparation of high-purity titanium powder from sponge titanium

High-purity titanium powder was prepared by molten salt electrorefining from sponge titanium in NaCl-KCl-TiClx salts. The titanium valence, purity and electrocrystallization during electrolysis process were studied. The XPS analysis showed that the titanium valences are mainly ＋4, ＋3 and ＋2 at the earlier, medium and later stages of electrolysis, respectively. During the electrolysis process, the contents of impurities Si, Cr, Mn, Al vary little, and the contents of impurities Fe, Cu, Ni decrease markedly, while the contents of impurities O, N, H increase obviously. The residual impurities are usually distributed in small tunnel of dendritic crystals. Enhancing the electrolysis temperature and prolonging the electrolysis time can increase the titanium particle size. The TEM analysis showed that the electrodeposited titanium is not a single crystal, but contains many nanostructured grains and subgrains, with grain size of 100-500 nm. The electrolysis mechanisms were also discussed.

Spheroidization of silica powders by radio frequency inductively coupled plasma with Ar–H2 and Ar–N2 as the sheath gases at atmospheric pressure

Amorphous spherical silica powders were prepared by inductively coupled thermal plasma treatment at a radio frequency of 36.2 MHz. The effects of the added content of hydrogen and nitrogen into argon(serving as the sheath gas), as well as the carrier gas flow rate, on the spheroidization rate of silica powders, were investigated. The prepared silica powders before and after plasma treatment were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and laser granulometric analysis. Results indicated that the average size of the silica particles increased, and the transformation of crystals into the amorphous state occurred after plasma treatment. Discharge image processing was employed to analyze the effect of the plasma temperature field on the spheroidization rate. The spheroidization rate of the silica powder increased with the increase of the hydrogen content in the sheath gas. On the other hand, the spheroidization rate of the silica power first increased and then decreased with the increase of the nitrogen content in the sheath gas. Moreover, the amorphous content increased with the increase of the spheroidization rate of the silica powder.

Hydration Products of Cement-silica Fume-quartz Powder Mixture under Different Curing Regimes

Composition, morphology, and structure of hydration products in hardened pastes of three kinds of blended cement（cement-silica fume, cement-quartz powder and cement-silica fume-quartz powder） hydrated under different curing regimes（standard curing, 90 ℃ steam curing, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ autoclave curing） were investigated by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with EDAX system. Results showed that the main hydration products in three kinds of hardened pastes under standard curing condition are all C-S-H gels, CH, and AFt. Under 90 ℃ steam curing condition, the main hydration products of cement-silica fume and cement-silica fume-quartz powder are C-S-H gels, whereas those of cement-quartz powder are C-S-H and CH. Under 200 or 250 ℃ autoclave curing condition, no obvious crystallized CH phase is found in hardened pastes of three kinds of blended cement, and C-S-H gels are transformed into one or more crystalline phases such as tobermorite, jennite, and xonotlite. The chemical composition and morphology of these crystalline phases depend on the composition of mixture and autoclave temperature.

Structure Characterization and Dephosphorization Effect Analysis of Oyster Shell-silica Micropowder Waste Water Dephosphorization Materials

In this work,the effects of pH value of waste water and initial concentration of phosphorus on dephosphorization materials were investigated.The materials were prepared by shaping,sintering and hydrothermal reshaping oyster shell and silica micro-powder.Different concentrations of phosphorus-contained waste water were simulated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,the effect of dephosphorization was tested with phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometer method,and the crystal phase and microstructure of materials were characterized by XRD and SEM methods. It was indicated that dephosphorization was completed in 6 h when the initial phosphorus concentration in waste water was lower than 15 mg/L, and the dephosphorization time prolonged as the increase of phosphorus concentration. It was observed that the pH value of waste water influenced dephosphorization significantly, and neutral subalkalic environment favored dephosphorization. When the pH value was 11, the efficiency of dephosphozation was the greatest. For waste water with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, the dephosphozation rate is close to 100% in8 h.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA GEL POWDERS

Silica gel powders,with particle diameter in the range 10 to 20 nm,were prepared from water glass using ethyl acetate as a latent acid reagent. The products were characterized by TGDTA, TEM, FTIR, BET and some other experiment methods. The process of silica solgel formation and the thermal behavior as well as phase change of the silica powders during heattreating process were studied, and the effect of heattreating temperature on the specific surface area and apparent density of the silica powders was investigated.

Study on the Structure and Properties of Cadmium Removal Adsorbent Made by Ultrafine Silica Powder

An efficient and recyclable cadmium removal adsorbent was prepared by molding and sintering of ultrafine silica powder produced from ferroalloy plant as the main raw materials, with the addition of a certain amount of AI（OH）3 and CaO for modification. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the crystal phases and microstructures of the adsorbent. The influences of different pH, initial cadmium concentration and contacting time on the cadmium adsorption capacity were investigated. The results show that the cadmium removal capacity is up to 0.239 mg/g at the initial Cd2＋ concentration of 5 g/L, pH value of 7 and contacting time of 120 rain when the optimum, mass ratio is 70（ultrafine silica powder）：30（Al（OH）3 and CaO mixture）. The corresponding adsorbent has a porous structure with main crystalline phases of CazAI2SiO7 and CaSiO3. Cadmium is adsorbed and removed mainly by physical adsorption, assisted by chemical adsorption.

Synthesis of silica powder with high pore volume by skeleton reinforcement

In this paper,a method composed of gelation of basic skeleton(first step)and skeleton reinforcement process(second step)was introduced to synthesize silica powder with high pore volume through the reaction between water glass and sulfuric acid.No organic solvents were involved in the entire preparation process and the final product was collected by spray drying.The effect of concentration of base solution,gelation point p H value and skeleton reinforcement time on the BET specific surface area and pore volume of the prepared silica powder were investigated intensively.The results show that,a basic skeleton with good dispersibility and high porosity was obtained when the concentration of base solution was 0.1 mol·L^(-1) and the gelation p H value reached 6.5.Then the basic skeleton grew into a more uniform porous structure after 30 min skeleton reinforcement.Under these optimum conditions,silica powder prepared by skeleton reinforcement method had a BET specific surface area of 358.0 m^(2)·g^(-1),and its pore volume reached 2.18 cm^(3)·g^(-1),which was much higher than that of prepared by skeleton-free method(1.62 cm^(3)·g^(-1))and by direct gelation method(0.31 cm^(3)·g^(-1)).

Preparation of Magnesia Insulation Materials by Walnut Shell Powder Impregnated with Silica Sol

In order to reduce the thermal energy loss of high temperature kilns and furnaces and lower the surface temperature of the kiln body,magnesia insulation materials were prepared using self-made magnesia porous aggregates(using high purity magnesia powder as starting material and potassium oleate as the foaming agent),middle grade magnesia powder,calcium aluminate cement,and SiO_(2) micropowder as starting materials,introducing walnut shell powder impregnated with silica sol(short for Sws)as a pore-forming agent.The effects of the Sws addition(0,10%,15%,and 20%,by mass)and the sintering temperature(1300,1350,1400,and 1480℃)on the properties of magnesia insulation materials were studied.The results show that(1)for the specimens fired at 1480℃,when the Sws addition is 10%,the cold compressive strength is 22 MPa;when the Sws addition is 20%,the thermal conductivity is 0.368 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)(350℃);(2)nano-silica in the silica sol reacts with MgO in the matrix to form forsterite,which encapsulates the pores volatilized from the walnut shell powder and forms closed pores.

硅粉和活化煤矸石粉改性透水混凝土强度和耐久性研究

为研究硅粉和活化煤矸石粉对透水混凝土强度和耐久性的影响规律,分别利用硅粉和活化煤矸石粉代替0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的水泥进行透水混凝土试样制备,对新拌混凝土的流动性以及硬化混凝土强度、耐久性进行了测试分析,研究了硅粉和活化煤矸石粉对透水混凝土基本特性的影响规律,以及2种材料的掺量范围和适用性。结果表明:①掺入10%~15%的硅粉和10%的活化煤矸石粉可以有效提高混凝土强度,且硅粉对强度的提升效果更为明显,但对混凝土流动性和透水性会有不利影响;②随着硫酸溶液侵蚀时间和冻融循环次数增加,混凝土抗压强度和质量比均不断下降。根据上述分析可知:①掺入5%~10%的硅粉和5%的活化煤矸石粉对混凝土的抗H_(2)SO_(4)溶液长期侵蚀性有利;②掺入5%~20%的硅粉和10%~15%的活化煤矸石粉对混凝土的抗酸雨—冻融循环侵蚀性有利;相比之下,硅粉对混凝土的长期冻融耐久性更有利。

轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的制备及性能研究

本文利用新疆地区粉煤灰和微硅粉等典型固废资源为原料,开展轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土制备技术研究,分析了原料配比、水料比和发气剂掺量对制品绝干密度和抗压强度的影响。结果表明,当m(粉煤灰)∶m(微硅粉)∶m(石英砂)∶m(生石灰)∶m(水泥)∶m(石膏)=30∶25∶10∶25∶8∶2、铝粉量为总物料质量的0.10%、水料比为0.58、蒸压温度为195℃、蒸压压力为1.2 MPa、蒸压时间为8 h时,轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的绝干密度为568.70 kg/m^(3),抗压强度为5.4 MPa,导热系数为0.140 W/(m·K),达到了A5.0、B06等级。

辐射降温锦纶长丝及其针织物性能研究

辐射降温锦纶是以高红外发射型无机粒子SiO 2和红外透过材料聚酰胺6(PA6)为原料,采用熔融纺丝制备的具备被动辐射降温功能的长丝。对3种不同加工工艺的辐射降温锦纶长丝和普通锦纶长丝进行对比研究,测试其表面形貌、聚集态结构、化学组分、力学性能、热学性能和表面摩擦性能。进一步对上述4种长丝织成的针织物的导热性能、瞬间接触凉感和室内降温性能进行测试比较。结果表明,以添加了SiO 2的辐射降温PA6为皮层材料、聚乙烯(PE)为芯层材料纺出的辐射降温PA6/PE皮芯复合丝,和辐射降温圆形截面锦纶长丝间隔递纱织造的针织物具有最好的导热性能和凉感性能,其红外热成像温度比普通锦纶针织物高约1.8℃,表明该针织物具有更好的红外透过性能,降温效果更好。综合认为,该研究所得辐射降温锦纶针织物具有优异的辐射降温性能,可用于辐射降温纺织品的开发。

烷氧基硅烷低聚物改性球形硅微粉及其应用

分别以自制乙烯基烷氧基硅烷低聚物、氨基烷氧基硅烷低聚物、多元烷氧基硅烷低聚物为改性剂,对液相法球形硅微粉进行表面改性,通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、粒度分布仪等表征了改性剂的结构、硅微粉微观形貌及粒径分布,并考察了改性硅微粉对环氧树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用实验合成的改性剂对液相法球形硅微粉进行表面处理后,硅微粉的粒径增大且尺寸均一性提高,硅微粉颗粒间夹杂碎片杂质的情况得到改善,添加到环氧树脂体系后材料的力学性能提高。

钢渣粉与硅灰复掺水泥基材料的流变、早期水化热与强度

为缓解大量存在且利用率很低的钢渣处理难题,将其研磨成微粉置换水泥,并掺入硅灰形成一种兼顾力学性能、绿色低碳水泥基材料。基于不同配比的复掺水泥基材料体系的流变行为、早期水化热、强度与吸水率试验研究,主要结果如下:钢渣粉颗粒微形貌棱角与片状较少,替代15%水泥时可有效改善基体稠度,略微降低强度,并显著降低早期水化放热(降幅8.8%),有利于控制早期温度裂缝。复掺硅灰可有效降低材料塑性黏度与泵送压力,对需要长距离泵送的大体积混凝土或高性能混凝土,硅灰掺量可控制在5%以内。且硅灰空间填充效应与火山灰反应会增强材料密实性,显著提高强度。综上,复掺15%钢渣粉和5%硅灰的水泥基材料,不仅可以改善泵送性能,提升强度和耐久性,还能降低早期水化放热量,具有良好的工程应用前景。

矿渣微粉-粉煤灰-硅灰基惰性同步注浆材料的制备及其性能优化

以典型固体废弃物矿渣微粉、粉煤灰、硅灰为原料,采用碱激发技术制备新型惰性同步注浆材料,以稠度、泌水率、凝结时间和抗压强度为主要性能指标,开展了25组配合比条件下的惰性同步注浆材料基本性能影响试验,通过对试验结果进行极差分析和综合平衡分析,确定了盾构惰性同步注浆材料的优选配合比,并测试了其各项性能。结果表明:水胶比、膨水比以及减水剂掺量对惰性浆液的稠度、泌水率、凝结时间影响较明显,激发剂模数和掺量对惰性浆液凝结时间有一定影响,而对立方体抗压强度影响很大;优选配合比为水胶比1、胶砂比0.45、膨水比0.35、减水剂掺量1.5%、碱激发剂模数1.6、碱激发剂掺量20%,以此配合比制备的惰性同步注浆材料各项性能指标均达到或优于T/CECS 563—2018《盾构法隧道同步注浆材料应用技术规程》的相关要求,具有广阔的工程应用前景。

石英玻璃粉含量对氧化镁基陶瓷型芯性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪等手段研究了矿化剂(石英玻璃粉)含量对氧化镁基陶瓷型芯物相组成、微观组织、烧结收缩率、显孔隙率、线热膨胀系数、室温抗弯强度、高温抗弯强度及型芯浸出率的影响。结果表明:随着石英玻璃粉含量提高,硅酸镁含量增加,陶瓷基体颗粒细化,由连通大孔隙向封闭小孔隙转变,颗粒间结合松散,脱除性能及抗弯强度大幅下降;添加30%SiO_(2)得到的氧化镁基陶瓷型芯综合性能最佳,其中烧结收缩率为2.8%,显孔隙率为32.9%,室温抗弯强度为15.1 MPa,采用体积浓度40%的CH3COOH水溶液浸泡120 h后型芯的浸出率为61.9%。

基于西藏火山岩微粉的复合及活性激发研究

针对西藏地区缺乏混凝土掺合料及当地火山岩结晶度较高的问题,采用火山岩微粉与石粉或/和硅灰、氢氧化钙复合,以制备性能优异的复合掺合料。使用XRD及SEM观测复合前后胶材净浆的水化产物物相组成及形貌,并测试复合前后的3、7 d和28 d的胶砂力学性能。结果表明:复合掺合料样品取代30%的水泥时具有较好的火山灰活性;火山岩微粉与石粉复合后的3 d抗折强度提高了48.7%,28 d抗压强度增长了17.2%;火山岩微粉与硅灰复合后体系残留C-H最少,结构最致密;火山岩微粉与氢氧化钙复合的28 d抗折强度提高了19.2%。文章旨在促进西藏火山岩微粉的技术开发与应用发展,有助于用其配制出活性更优的混凝土复合掺合料。

基于正交试验的矿物掺合料透水混凝土性能研究

在透水混凝土中掺入硅灰和矿粉,设计了四因素四水平正交试验,采用极差法分析了目标孔隙率、水胶比、硅灰掺量、矿粉掺量对透水混凝土抗压强度和透水性能的影响,并对其微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明:各因素对透水混凝土抗压强度和透水性能影响的大小顺序为目标孔隙率>水胶比>硅灰掺量>矿粉掺量;透水混凝土的抗压强度和透水系数之间呈负相关关系;微观分析发现,未掺硅灰、矿粉的透水混凝土微观结构存在明显孔洞,硅灰或矿粉的掺入可以对孔洞进行有效填充,在一定程度上减少了孔隙数量,可改善透水混凝土的综合性能。

气相法纳米粉体对聚酯粉末涂料性能的影响

[目的]气相法制备的纳米粉体可作为粉末涂料的分散助剂。[方法]研究了气相二氧化硅和气相氧化铝对聚酯粉末涂料的流动性、上粉率、储存稳定性,以及涂层硬度、附着力、光泽等性能的影响。[结果]添加0.1%~0.3%(质量分数)疏水改性的气相二氧化硅对粉末涂料的流动性和储存稳定性有显著的提升,对上粉率及涂层硬度、附着力有略微的提升,但对涂层有一定的消光作用;添加0.1%~0.2%(质量分数)气相氧化铝对粉末涂料上粉率有显著的提升,对流动性、储存稳定性及涂层硬度、附着力也有略微的提升,但对涂层的光泽影响较小。[结论]在粉末涂料中疏水型气相二氧化硅和气相氧化铝搭配使用,可获得更优的性能。