Breeding and Seed Production Techniques of New Aromatic Danxiangyouzhenliang Rice Variety with Good Quality and High Yield

Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is a high-quality rice variety derived from the hybrid breeding of Danxiang 12A and Xianghuixiangmiao R133.Its unique temperature-sensitive three-line characteristics endow it with significant advantages of high and stable yield,and its rice fragrance is exquisite and its taste is delicate.Danxiangyouzhenliang rice showed good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.On June 10,2021,Danxiangyouzhenliang rice passed the Guangxi Crop Variety Approval(Guishendao 2021074).Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is suitable to be planted as early and late rice in southern,central and northern Guangxi.This study summarized the breeding process and high-yielding seed production techniques of Danxiangyouzhenliang rice,in order to provide useful reference for rice breeders and growers.

The Current Breeding Situation and Development Strategies on High-quality Inbred Rice in Guangxi

According to the rice quality,production and resistance of 50 high-quality inbred rice varieties bred and examined and approved in Guangxi during the period 2000-2011,we analyze the current breeding situation and existing problems concerning high-quality inbred rice va- riety in Guangxi: the rice quality has been greatly improved,but the amylose content is still low; a series of scented rice varieties with high quality and high yield have been bred,such as Zhongguangxiang No. 1,Sanxiang 628,Guixiang No. 1,Liufengxiangzhan,Jiafuxiang No. 1, Zhaoxiang No. 1; the production of high-quality inbred rice during the period 2009-2011 was significantly enhanced,annually more than 66 00 kg / ha,but the disease resistance of rice variety bred was generally poor,and disease-resistant breeding stuck in the mud. Henceforth it is necessary to be oriented by the rice market,and take the rice type with long grain,high adhesive strength,medium-low amylose content and low chalkiness degree as the breeding objectives; introduce the existing high-quality variety resources with medium amylose content at home and abroad,then directly use them or innovate upon them as hybrid strain; take the thick-and-long-grain rice type as breeding objectives,and further improve the yield per unit area of high-quality inbred rice by improving the thousand-grain weight; increase capital investment,improve breeding techniques,strengthen disease-resistant and degeneration-resistant breeding,and improve the application of modern biotechnology in the breeding of high-quality inbred rice.

Improvement of Rice Blast Resistance of High-Quality Rice Variety Xiangwanxian 13 by Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

At present, most of high-quality rice varieties are susceptible to blast diseases. In this study, Gumei 2, a rice variety carrying broad-spectrum resistant Pi25 gene, was used as the donor, with Xiangwanxian 13 taken as the receptor and recurrent parent which is also of good quality but highly susceptible to rice blast, to improve the rice blast resistance of Xiangwanxian 13 by crossing and backcrossing based on molecular marker-assisted selection. The results showed that the resistance of the improved strains （i.e. Xiang C72, Xiang C76 and Xiang C77） to blast diseases had been enhanced signifcantly through feld resistance identifcation, equaling the resistance level of Gumei 2, and the main agronomic and quality-related traits of these improved strains had been restored to the level of Xiangwanxian 13, except the chalkiness and cooking-related traits, which suggested similar genomic loci of Xiang C72, Xiang C76 and Xiang C77 to those of Xiangwanxian 13. These three improved strains （i.e. Xiang C72, Xiang C76 and Xiang C77） can provide good intermediate materials for breeding elite varieties with high grain yields and superior blast resistance.

Breeding of High-Quality Late Rice Combination Taoxiuyouhuazhan

Taoxiuyouhuazhan is a high-quality fragrant late rice combination which was bred by the cooperation between Hu Nan Tao Hua Yuan Agricultural Technologies Co.,LTD.and Changde Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science.With good yield,wide adaptability,resistance to rice blast,and the quality reaching third level of the national agricultural standard of Quality of Edible Rice Varieties.It has been authorized by the National Crop Variety Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in February 2019.

水稻OsCYP22互作蛋白的筛选及验证

为了探究水稻亲环素家族基因OsCYP22的功能,构建OsCYP22酵母双杂交诱饵载体,并利用水稻酵母双杂交cDNA文库筛选与OsCYP22相互作用蛋白。自激活试验结果表明,OsCYP22诱饵载体无自激活活性,也对酵母细胞无毒性。通过对酵母双杂交文库的筛选,共得到38个阳性菌落,结合测序结果和生物信息学的方法筛选到20个可能与OsCYP22相互作用的蛋白。进一步对OsCYP22分别与调控植物根系生长相关基因OsCSN5和OsRUB1的全长互作验证,结果显示OsCSN5与OsCYP22在酵母中相互作用。这为深入研究OsCYP22的生物学功能提供了理论依据。

Analysis of the Nationally Registered Rice Varieties in the Last Decade

The nationally registered rice varieties during 2006-2015 were analyzed and there were 49.4 varieties on average annually registered in the last decade. In terms of the structure of varieties, there was a decreasing trend for the proportion of three-line hybrid rice varieties but a rapid increase for that of two-line hybrid rice varieties. The percentage of rice varieties developed by scientific research institu- tions was decreasing but that developed by seed companies kept a rapid increase, indicating the commercial breeding conducted by seed companies has become a principal model in rice breeding. With regard to grain quality of varieties, the con- ventional rice varieties showed an increasing trend while the hybrid rice varieties had a decreasing trend in the proportion of high quality varieties, indicating hybrid rice needs improving more in grain quality in breeding programs.

Comparisons of Metabolic Profiles for Carbohydrates,Amino Acids,Lipids,Fragrance and Flavones During Grain Development in indica Rice Cultivars

We used a widely targeted metabolomics approach to examine the metabolic changes in three pedigreed indica cultivars(Meixiangzhan 2,Meisizhan and Qixinzhan),with different eating qualities,at 8,15 and 30 d after flowering(DAF)to explore the formation mechanism of rice eating and nutritional qualities at a global metabolic level.A total of 623 metabolites were identified,and results showed that metabolic variations among rice cultivars decreased with grain developmental stage,suggesting that sufficient carbohydrate and amino acid supply during grain development may contribute to excellent rice eating and nutritional quality formation.Lysophosphatidylcholines 19:0 and 16:1 were beneficial for excellent eating quality formation during grain development.Rice fragrance was attributed mainly to spermidine andγ-aminobutyric acid.Rice cultivars with excellent eating quality at 15-30 DAF had relatively higher flavone content,possibly because they had adequate carbohydrate and amino acid contents during grain development.These results provided insight into the mechanisms for establishing rice eating and nutritional qualities during grain formation at a global metabolic level,and can be applied towards improving rice quality.

High-quality genome assembly of Huazhan and Tianfeng,the parents of an elite rice hybrid Tian-you-hua-zhan

High-quality rice reference genomes have accelerated the comprehensive identification of genome-wide variations and research on functional genomics and breeding.Tian-you-hua-zhan has been a leading hybrid in China over the past decade.Here,de novo genome assembly strategy optimization for the rice indica lines Huazhan(HZ)and Tianfeng(TF),including sequencing platforms,assembly pipelines and sequence depth,was carried out.The PacBio and Nanopore platforms for long-read se-quencing were utilized,with the Canu,wtdbg2,SMARTdenovo,Flye,Canu-wtdbg2,Canu-SMARTdenovo and Canu-Flye assemblers.The combination of PacBio and Canu was optimal,considering the contig N50 length,contig number,assembled genome size and polishing process.The assembled contigs were scaffolded with Hi-C data,resulting in two“golden quality”rice reference genomes,and evaluated using the scaffold N50,BUSCO,and LTR assembly index.Furthermore,42,625 and 41,815 non-transposable element genes were annotated for HZ and TF,respectively.Based on our assembly of HZ and TF,as well as Zhenshan97,Minghui63,Shuhui498 and 9311,comprehensive variations were identified using Nipponbare as a reference.The de novo assembly strategy for rice we optimized and the“golden quality”rice genomes we produced for HZ and TF will benefit rice genomics and breeding research,especially with respect to uncovering the genomic basis of the elite traits of HZ and TF.

浏阳市优质杂交水稻新品种比较试验

为筛选出高产、优质、适合浏阳稻作区种植的水稻新品种,加快地域性优质稻的推广步伐。对2022年引进的5个水稻新组合进行品种比较试验,鉴定各品种的丰产性、抗逆性及适应条件。结果表明,参试品种中野香优莉丝、悦两优2646全生育期为133 d,乾两优馥香占全生育期为132 d,冠两优华占全生育期为131 d,云两优2118全生育期为129 d;所有参试品种叶姿直立或挺直,没有发生稻叶瘟病、稻穗瘟病和水稻纹枯病等病害;冠两优华占产量居首位,产量达597.83 kg·(666.67 m^(2))^(-1),其次是云两优2118,产量达582.33 kg·(666.67 m ^(2))^(-1)。悦两优2646、乾两优馥香占的产量分别达578.67和576.67 kg·(666.67 m^(2))^(-1),均显著高于对照。野香优莉丝的实际产量为542.83 kg·(666.67 m^(2))^(-1),与对照差异不显著。综上所述,这5个参试品种产量除野香优莉丝外,其余品种较为理想,可在浏阳市沿溪镇推广种植。

再生稻种植产量差形成的研究

为明确安徽省沿江地区再生稻种植产量差形成的原因,筛选出该地区适宜的再生稻种植品种,以9个杂交水稻品种为试材,比较分析了其头季和再生季生育期、再生力、产量及其构成因素等性状。结果表明,在产量构成因素中,造成不同品种头季稻产量差异的主要因素是单位面积上的有效穗数;导致再生季产量差异的主要因素是单位面积上有效穗数和每穗着粒数。准两优608再生季单产5.27 t/hm^2,2季综合产量高达13.59 t/hm^2,可作为该地区再生稻种植的优选品种;皖稻119和新两优6号头季产量高,再生力较强,再生季产量潜力大,可以作为该地区再生稻种植的候选品种。研究表明,生产中可通过增加单位面积上有效穗数,主攻大穗,并在维持较高结实率的基础上提高千粒质量以实现再生季产量增加和获得2季综合高产。

Cd胁迫下杂交水稻对Cd的吸收及其动态变化

镉（Cd）是非必需的有毒元素，是农业环境和农产品的重要污染物，易被水稻吸收并在籽粒中积累。不同水稻品种拥有不同的独特基因，导致水稻籽粒吸收积累Cd的能力存在一定的差异。因此，开展不同水稻品种耐Cd特性及其不同生育期的吸收转运效率研究具有重要意义。本文采用水培试验，研究了两个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种：D83A/R527（低吸收累积Cd）和辐优838（高吸收累积Cd）在不同质量浓度Cd胁迫下籽粒Cd质量分数及不同生育时期水稻根、茎、叶内Cd的吸收积累量及其动态变化特点。结果表明，两种水稻品种在Cd胁迫下籽粒Cd积累量差异显著，辐优838在1.0 mg·L^-1 Cd质量浓度胁迫下籽粒Cd质量分数就已超过国家食品卫生标准；在1.0~3.0 mg·L^-1 Cd质量浓度胁迫下，D83A/R527籽粒内Cd质量分数仅为辐优838的50~60%。随着Cd处理浓度增加和生育时期推进，两种水稻各部位Cd吸收量均表现为逐渐增加，其增加幅度总体表现为：辐优838〉D83A/R527；不同部位中，根的积累效应最强，叶片吸收积累能力最低，辐优838茎、叶吸收积累效率分别是D83A/R527的1.5~2.0倍左右。在1.0~3.0mg·L^-1 Cd胁迫下，水稻Cd积累差异较为显著的时期为灌浆期，辐优838的根系向茎、叶的转移效率大于D83A/R527，且D83A/R527主要表现为由根系向茎Cd转移效率较高，叶片Cd积累相对较少。灌浆期是水稻籽粒干物质积累的重要时期，也是吸收累积Cd的重要时期，这为筛选低吸收积累水稻品种和调控Cd在水稻籽粒中的吸收累积奠定了重要理论基础。

杂交晚稻金优12高产优质制种技术

阐述了三系杂交晚稻金优12在湖北黄冈制种的适宜播期、播差期、插植方式和采用高产优质低耗技术管理肥水、科学喷施"920"、人工辅助授粉、及时防治病虫害、严格去杂保纯、适时收割措施对提高制种产量和质量的作用。

应用低能离子束将抗菌肽ShivaA基因导入恢复系明恢63的研究(简报)

利用低能离子束介导转基因法于 1993年首次获得成功 ,本研究通过这一技术将抗菌肽ShivaA基因导入水稻恢复系明恢6 3成熟胚中 ,经过诱导愈伤和绿苗分化 ,并再生植株 ,经PCR检测分析证明外源基因已整合到再生植株基因组中。

两系杂交中稻培两优537制种技术初探

根据两系杂交中稻培两优537双亲的特征特性,结合湖北的气候特点,研究并提出了选好制种基地、确定双亲的最佳抽穗扬花期和播差期、培育多蘖壮秧、设置合理的行比、插足基本苗、加强肥水管理、建立高产群体、搞好花期预测和调控、巧施“920”、提高授粉质量、严把种子质量关等制种技术措施。

FACE对三系杂交籼稻汕优63磷素吸收利用的影响

在水稻品种中,杂交籼稻因其杂种优势强、抗逆性好、穗型大、产量潜力高,在稻作中占有重要的、不可替代的作用。2005、2006年利用我国惟一的农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE)研究平台,设计施N量为125kg·hm-(2LN)、250kg·hm-2(NN)处理,研究大气CO2浓度比对照高200μmol·mol-1的FACE处理对三系杂交籼稻汕优63不同生育时期磷素含量、磷素吸收、磷素分配和磷素效率的影响。结果表明:(1)FACE处理使汕优63各生育时期稻株含P率极显著提高,使各生育时期P素吸收量极显著增加,生育中期的增幅略小于生育前、后期;(2)FACE处理使汕优63抽穗后P素在茎鞘中的分配比例显著增加,穗中的分配比例显著下降,对抽穗前P素在叶片、茎鞘中的分配比例均无显著影响;(3)FACE处理使汕优63不同生育期P素干物质生产效率极显著下降,使P素子粒生产效率和P素收获指数亦均极显著下降;(4)增施N肥,使汕优63大多数生育时期的植株P素含量和吸P量得到显著或极显著的增加,使大多数生育时期P素干物质生产效率下降,使P素子粒生产效率和收获指数显著下降;(5)CO2×N、CO2×Y对植株含P率、吸P量的影响有互作效应,FACE处理使汕优63稻株含P率、P素吸收量显著提高;使P素干物质生产效率、P素子粒效率显著下降。

不同水稻药剂浸种对杂交水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为了研究不同水稻药剂对水稻种子萌发情况及幼苗生长情况中形态指标和生理生化指标的影响。以金优974水稻品种为实验材料,在以清水作为对照组的条件下,配置相同体积的咪酰胺、石灰水、浸种灵和100g·mL-1的赤霉素等溶液下浸泡水稻种子48h,从而测定包括种子发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数,秧苗根长、苗长和鲜重及苗中抗氧化物酶活性和叶绿素质量分数等指标。可以发现赤霉素和咪酰胺都不会影响水稻的发芽势,而浸种灵、石灰水则降低了水稻发芽势;同时,赤霉素可以提高水稻的发芽率和发芽指数,而浸种灵、石灰水、咪酰胺都会降低水稻的发芽率和发芽指数。对苗的根长和苗长有显著促进作用的是赤霉素,咪酰胺对幼苗根长和苗长有抑制作用以及降低了幼苗的鲜重,其它无显著差异。4种浸种剂使水稻幼苗内SOD活性、CAT活性和叶绿素质量分数的含量相比于清水都有所增加,其中以咪酰胺尤为突出。本实验为水稻种子浸种剂的选取提供了一定的理论依据。

杂交早稻新品种夷优186的选育与应用

夷优186系南平市农科所用夷A与南恢186配组育成的三系杂交早稻新品种,具有生育期适中、高产稳产、适应性广、制种产量高等特性,于2013年通过福建省农作物品种审定。介绍了夷优186的选育经过、产量表现、特征特性、主要栽培技术及制种技术要点。

秋水仙素对杂交水稻发芽率及主要农艺性状的影响

用4种不同浓度的秋水仙素及3种不同处理时间处理田两优4号种子进行多倍体诱导。结果表明:秋水仙素对杂交水稻种子的发芽率及胚芽的生长有抑制作用,但有助于稻穗的伸长;植株高度升高;每穗实粒数与总粒数减少;千粒重增加,结实率下降。胚芽的长度随处理时间增加而变短;穗长与处理时间的关系呈现先降低后升高的趋势;穗长随着处理浓度的增加而增大。

优质两系杂交中稻培两优537的选育与应用

培两优537是湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所用籼型光(温)敏核不育系培矮64S与自育优质中籼稻鄂中5号配组育成的两系杂交中籼稻新组合。2005～2006年参加湖北省中稻区试,表现米质优、高产稳产性好、适应性较广,具有较好的应用前景,2007年3月通过了湖北省品种审定委员会的审定。介绍了其选育经过、特征特性及栽培制种技术。

杂交中稻数量性状遗传因素的分析

本文主要研究了1985年到1990年间，全国杂交中稻区域试验的104个品种，并分析了13个数量性状遗传因素对杂交中稻产量的影响，得出影响杂交中稻产量的主要因素是：有效穗、总苗数、总粒数、结实率和全生育期等．还考察了在这些因素相互作用下，对杂交中稻产量的更深层次的影响.