Characteristics and discovery significance of the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic marine shale oil in Qiangtang Basin,China

Mesozoic marine shale oil was found in the Qiangtang Basin by a large number of hydrocarbon geological surveys and shallow drilling sampling.Based on systematic observation and experimental analysis of outcrop and core samples,the deposition and development conditions and characteristics of marine shale are revealed,the geochemical and reservoir characteristics of marine shale are evaluated,and the layers of marine shale oil in the Mesozoic are determined.The following geological understandings are obtained.First,there are two sets of marine organic-rich shales,the Lower Jurassic Quse Formation and the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation,in the Qiangtang Basin.They are mainly composed of laminated shale with massive mudstone.The laminated organic-rich shale of the Quse Formation is located in the lower part of the stratum,with a thickness of 50–75 m,and mainly distributed in southern Qiangtang Basin and the central-west of northern Qiangtang Basin.The laminated organic-rich shale of the Bagong Formation is located in the middle of the stratum,with a thickness of 250–350 m,and distributed in both northern and southern Qiangtang Basin.Second,the two sets of laminated organic-rich shales develop foliation,and various types of micropores and microfractures.The average content of brittle minerals is 70%,implying a high fracturability.The average porosity is 5.89%,indicating good reservoir physical properties to the level of moderate–good shale oil reservoirs.Third,the organic-rich shale of the Quse Formation contains organic matters of types II1 and II2,with the average TOC of 8.34%,the average content of chloroform bitumen'A'of 0.66%,the average residual hydrocarbon generation potential(S1+S2)of 29.93 mg/g,and the Ro value of 0.9%–1.3%,meeting the standard of high-quality source rock.The organic-rich shale of the Bagong Formation contains mixed organic matters,with the TOC of 0.65%–3.10%and the Ro value of 1.17%–1.59%,meeting the standard of moderate source rock.Fourth,four shallow wells(depth of 50–250 m)with oil shows have been found in the organic shales at 50–90 m in the lower part of the Bagong Formation and 30–75 m in the middle part of the Quse Formation.The crude oil contains a high content of saturated hydrocarbon.Analysis and testing of outcrop and shallow well samples confirm the presence of marine shale oil in the Bagong Formation and the Quse Formation.Good shale oil intervals in the Bagong Formation are observed in layers 18–20 in the lower part of the section,where the shales with(S0+S1)higher than 1 mg/g are 206.7 m thick,with the maximum and average(S0+S1)of 1.92 mg/g and 1.81 mg/g,respectively.Good shale oil intervals in the Quse Formation are found in layers 4–8 in the lower part of the section,where the shales with(S0+S1)higher than 1 mg/g are 58.8 m thick,with the maximum and average(S0+S1)of 6.46 mg/g and 2.23 mg/g,respectively.

Measurement and Evolution of High-quality Development Level of Marine Fishery in China

High-quality development of marine fisheries provides an important advantage for China to build itself into a maritime power and implement the Blue Granary Plan effectively.Based on the concepts of‘new development’,‘food security’,and the six dimensions of‘openness,innovation,coordination,green,sharing,and security’,in this study,we established an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of China’s marine fishery sector.We applied the entropy method to evaluate the high-quality development level of China’s marine fishery sector from 2000 to 2016 and explored its spatial and temporal evolution rules.Our results indicated that:1)from 2000 to 2016,China’s marine fishery sector was in the primary stage of high-quality development;2)spatially,the highquality development of marine fisheries showed an upward trend in all provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in the country(not including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan of China),and with time,the distribution pattern changed from single to multi-polarization;3)temporally,the development level of high-quality marine fisheries fluctuated during the study period.From 2000 to 2010,the growth rate in openness was relatively slow,but after 2010,it increased rapidly.Notably,innovation is the driving force for high-quality development.The green and security factors provide a solid guarantee for high-quality development.In the high-quality development of a region,economic development is better coordinated,and the distribution of benefits is more inclusive.This study provides a theoretical basis to formulate effective marine fishery policies for the high-quality development of the marine fishery sector in China.Exploring the high-quality development and evolution process of marine fishery is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of marine fishery industry,ensuring marine fishery food security,and alleviating global food crisis.

Reservoir Characteristics of Lacustrine Shale and Marine Shale:Examples from the Songliao Basin,Bohai Bay Basin and Qiannan Depression

Lacustrine shale from the Qingshankou Formatin of Songliao basin and the Shahejie Formation of Bohai Bay basin, and marine shale from the lower Cambrian Jinmenchong Formation of Qiannan depression were analysed by using rock pyrolysis, TOC （total organic carbon）, XRD （X-ray diffraction）, SEM （scanning electron microscope）, FE-SEM （field emission scanning electron microscope）, high pressure mercury intrusion, and low pressure N2 and CO2 gas adsorption experiments, in aim to reveal their reservoir features. The results show that： （1） the width of micro-pores of all the studied samples mainly ranges from 0.45 to 0.7 nm indicated by CO2 isotherms, and the width of meso-pores is less than 10 nm, with type IV adsorption isotherms and type H2 hysteresis loop, indicative of ＂ink-bottle＂-shaped pores. Good correlations exist among pore volume, surface area and averaged pore diameter, and a good positive correlation exists between micro-pore volume and TOC content; however, there is no obvious correlation between meso-pore volume and TOC content; （2） interparticle pores, pores among the edge of mineral grains and organic matter pores were all identified in marine and lacustrine shale, among which the interparticle pores may be influence by dissolution effect. Not all bitumen develops organic matter pore, and only high to over mature bitumen present pores. Now the description methods of micrometer scale pores developed in shale are very lack. Micro- fractures developed in Jiyang depression and dissolution interparticle pores developed in Songliao Basin should be the accumulation sites for shale oil in lacustrine shale, and can be as sweet spots.

Controlling Factors of Organic Nanopore Development: A Case Study on Marine Shale in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region, South China

The Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shales are the major targets for shale gas exploration and development in China.Although the two organic-rich shales share similar distribution ranges and thicknesses,they exhibit substantially different exploration and development results.This work analyzed the nanopore structures of the shale reservoirs in this region.Pore development of 51 shale samples collected from various formations and locations was compared using the petromineralogical,geochemical,structural geological and reservoir geological methods.The results indicate that the reservoir space in these shales is dominated by organic pores and the total pore volume of micropores,mesopores,macropores in different tectonic areas and formations show different trends with the increase of TOC.It is suggested that organic pores of shale can be well preserved in areas with simple structure and suitable preservation conditions,and the shale with smaller maximum ancient burial depth and later hydrocarbongeneration-end-time is also more conducive to pore preservation.Organic pore evolution models are established,and they are as follows:①Organic matter pore development stage,②Early stage of organic matter pore destruction,and③late stage of organic matter pore destruction.The areas conducive to pore development are favorable for shale gas development.Research results can effectively guide the optimization and evaluation of favorable areas of shale gas.

Characteristics and Evaluation of the High-Quality Source Rocks of Cretaceous Continental Shale Oil in Tonghua Basin, China

The presence of shale oil in the Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation in the Tonghua Basin, drilled by the well TD-01, has been discussed in this geological investigation for the first time. To evaluate the high-quality source rocks of Cretaceous continental shale oil, the distribution characteristics and the evolution of the ancient environment, samples of shale were systematically analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, organic geochemistry, and organic carbon isotopic composition. The results demonstrate that a TOC value of 1.5% represents the lower-limit TOC value of the high-quality source rocks. Source rocks have an aggregate thickness of 211 m and contain abundant organic matter, with TOC values of 2.69% on average and a maximum value over 5.44%. The original hydrocarbon-generative potential value(S_1+S_2) is between 0.18 mg/g and 6.13 mg/g, and the Ro is between 0.97% and 1.40%. The thermal maturation of the source rocks is relatively mature to highly mature. The δ^(13)C value range is between -34.75‰ and -26.53‰. The ratio of saturated hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is 1.55 to 5.24, with an average of 2.85, which is greater than 1.6. The organic types are mainly type Ⅱ_1, followed by type Ⅰ. The organic carbon source was C_3 plants and hydrophytes. The paleoclimate of the Hengtongshan Formation can be characterized as hot and dry to humid, and these conditions were conducive to the development of high-quality source rocks. A favorable paleoenvironment and abundant organic carbon sources provide a solid hydrocarbon generation base for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the shale of the Tonghua Basin.

Lower limit of thermal maturity for the carbonization of organic matter in marine shale and its exploration risk

Based on the drilling data of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and periphery, SW China, the Ro lower limits and essential features of the carbonization of organic matter in over-high maturity marine shale were examined using laser Raman, electrical and physical property characterization techniques. Three preliminary conclusions are drawn:(1) The lower limit of Ro for the carbonization of Type I-II1 organic matter in marine shale is 3.5%; when the Ro is less than 3.4%, carbonization of organic matter won't happen in general; when the Ro ranges from 3.4% to 3.5%, non-carbonization and weak carbonization of organic matter may coexist; when the Ro is higher than 3.5%, the carbonization of organic matter is highly likely to take place.(2) Organic-rich shale entering carbonization phase have three basic characteristics: log resistivity curve showing a general "slender neck" with low-ultralow resistance response, Raman spectra showing a higher graphite peak, and poor physical property(with matrix porosity of only less than 1/2 of the normal level).(3) The quality damage of shale reservoir caused by the carbonization of organic matter is almost fatal, which primarily manifests in depletion of hydrocarbon generation capacity, reduction or disappearance of organic pores and intercrystalline pores of clay minerals, and drop of adsorption capacity to natural gas. Therefore, the lower limit of Ro for the carbonization of Type I-II1 organic matter should be regarded as the theoretically impassable red line of shale gas exploration in the ancient marine shale formations. The organic-rich shale with low-ultralow resistance should be evaluated effectively in area selection to exclude the high risk areas caused by the carbonization of organic matter. The target organic-rich shale layers with low-ultralow resistance drilled during exploration and development should be evaluated on carbonization level of organic matter, and the deployment plan should be adjusted according to the evaluation results in time.

Influence of structural damage on evaluation of microscopic pore structure in marine continental transitional shale of the Southern North China Basin:A method based on the low-temperature N2 adsorption experiment

Structural damage from sample preparation processes such as cutting and polishing may change the pore structure of rocks.However,changes in pore structure caused by this structural damage from crushing and its effect on marine continental transitional shale have not been well documented.The changes of microscopic pore structure in marine continental transitional shale during the sample preparation have important research value for subsequent exploration and development of shale gas.In this study,the pore structures of transitional shale samples from the Shanxi-Taiyuan Formation of the Southern North China Basin under different degrees of damage were analyzed through low-temperature N;adsorption experiments,combined with X-ray diffraction,total organic carbon,vitrinite reflectance analysis,and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that(1)With increasing structural damage,the specific surface area(SSA)changed within relatively tight bounds,while the pore volume(PV)varied significantly,and the growth rate(maximum)exhibited a certain critical value with the crushing mesh number increasing from 20 to 200.(2)The ratio of SSA to PV can be used as a potential proxy for evaluating the influence of changes in the pore structure.(3)Correlation analysis revealed that the microscopic pore structure of marine continental transitional shale from the Shanxi-Taiyuan Formations is mainly controlled by organic matter and clay minerals.Clay minerals play a leading role in the development of microscopic pores and changes in pore structure.

Full-Sized Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Marine-Continental Transitional Shale: A Case Study in Qinshui Basin, North China

Based on 10 shale samples collected from 4 wells in Qinshui Basin,we investigate the full-sized pore structure and fractal characteristics of Marine-Continental transitional shale by performing organic geochemistry,mineralogical composition,Nitrogen gas adsorption(N2 adsorption)and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)measurements and fractal analysis.Results show that the TOC content of the shale samples is relatively high,with an average value of 2.44wt%,and the thermal evolution is during the mature-over mature stage.The NMR T2 spectrum can be used to characterize the fullsized pore structure characteristics of shale.By combining N2 adsorption pore structure parameters and NMR T2 spectrums,the surface relaxivity of samples are calculated to be between 1.7877 um/s and 5.2272 um/s.On this basis,the T2 spectrums are converted to full-sized pore volume and surface area distribution curves.The statistics show that the pore volume is mainly provided by mesopore,followed by micropore,and the average percentages are 65.04%and 30.83%respectively;the surface area is mainly provided by micropore,followed by mesopore,and the average percentages are 60.8004%and 39.137%respectively;macropore contributes little to pore volume and surface area.The pore structure characteristics of shale have no relationship with TOC,but strong relationships with clay minerals content.NMR fractal dimensions Dmicro and Dmeso have strong positive relationships with the N2 adsorption fractal dimensions D1 and D2 respectively,indicating that Dmicro can be used to characterize the fractal characteristics of pore surface,and Dmeso can be used to characterize the fractal characteristics of pore structure.The shale surface relaxivity is controlled by multiple factors.The increasing of clay mineral content,pore surface area,pore surface fractal dimension and the decreasing of average pore size,will all lead to the decreasing of shale surface relaxivity.

Occurrence of Highly Mature Organic Matter in Marine Black Shale Petroleum Source Rocks of Basal Cambrian from Northern Tarim Basin, China

More and more evidence indicates that organic matter (OM) in immature organic-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks is chemically adsorbed onto the outer surfaces of minerals and into interlayer (inner) surfaces of smectitic clay minerals in the form of amorphous molecular-scale carbon. But there have been few reports about the occurrence of highly mature OM in marine black shales (petroleum source rocks). The occurrence of highly mature OM in the black shales of basal Cambrian from northern Tarim Basin is studied in this paper. Based on the comprehensive analyses of total organic carbon contents (TOC), maximum thermolysis temperatures (T-max) of OM, mineral surface areas (MSA), and scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopic (TEM) observations of the black shales, it is concluded that the highly mature OM in the marine black shales of the basal Cambrian from northern Tarim Basin occurs in particulates ranging in size from 1 to 5 μm in diameter. Through the contrast of the occurrence of the highly mature OM in the black shales with that of the immature ones in modern marine continental margin sediments, some scientific problems are proposed, which are worth to study further in detail.

Geological conditions and reservoir characteristics of various shales in major shalehosted regions of China

China is home to shales of three facies:Marine shale,continental shale,and marine-continental transitional shale.Different types of shale gas are associated with significantly different formation conditions and major controlling factors.This study compared the geological characteristics of various shales and analyzed the influences of different parameters on the formation and accumulation of shale gas.In general,shales in China’s several regions exhibit high total organic carbon(TOC)contents,which lays a sound material basis for shale gas generation.Marine strata generally show high degrees of thermal evolution.In contrast,continental shales manifest low degrees of thermal evolution,necessitating focusing on areas with relatively high degrees of thermal evolution in the process of shale gas surveys for these shales.The shales of the Wufeng and Silurian formations constitute the most favorable shale gas reservoirs since they exhibit the highest porosity among the three types of shales.These shales are followed by those in the Niutitang and Longtan formations.In contrast,the shales of the Doushantuo,Yanchang,and Qingshankou formations manifest low porosities.Furthermore,the shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations exhibit high brittle mineral contents.Despite a low siliceous mineral content,the shales of the Doushantuo Formation feature a high carbonate mineral content,which can increase the shales’brittleness to some extent.For marine-continental transitional shales,where thin interbeds of tight sandstone with unequal thicknesses are generally found,it is recommended that fracturing combined with drainage of multiple sets of lithologic strata should be employed to enhance their shale gas production.

New Achievements in Theory and Technology Research of Marine Shale Gas Geological Exploration in China——Congratulations on the Publication of Marine Shale Gas

Shale gas is an unconventional natural gas,clean and efficient.The effective development and utilization of shale gas not only effectively ensures national energy security,but also protects the environment by reducing CO_(2) emissions.China is rich in shale gas resources According to research,it is predicted that there are 11.10×10^(12)-14.18×10^(12)m^(3) of technically recoverable shale gas resources.

Rare earth elements distribution in marine sediments of Malaysia coasts

In the east coast Peninsular Malaysia region,sediments are transported by several rivers from the east Malaysia into the South China Sea estuary.In the vicinity of the five river estuaries core sediments were collected in order to investigate rare earth elements(REEs) profile.Core sediments were divided into strata of between 2 to 4 cm intervals and prepared for analyzing by ICP-AES.REE concentrations of 54.3 μg/gr at 24–26 cm in EC4 increased to 114.1 μg/gr at 20–22 cm in EC5.The measured concentration of ...

Proper Management of Standards Formulation for Marine Survey Instrument Products

The challenges of the ocean working environment and conditions require that marine instrumentsand equipment be highly reliable and environmentally adaptable.The various parts and componentsof marine instruments should be interchangeable,so as to reduce product costs and reasonably economizethe use of energy and material resources.This paper intruduces the importance of formulating marine instrumentproduct standards,the present conditions and problems of marine product standards,and proposesrelated measures and suggestions to sovle the problems.

四川盆地涪陵南地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩古构造应力场及裂缝特征

通过岩石力学实验、声发射实验和地震资料综合解释,利用有限元数值模拟方法,对涪陵南地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组海相页岩古构造应力场进行了数值模拟,并结合岩心实测结果,预测了构造裂缝的发育特征。研究结果表明:①涪陵南地区裂缝主要形成期(燕山晚期)构造应力和裂缝的分布受断层、岩石力学性质和构造应力的影响,断层广泛发育的区域容易出现应力集中,并引起较大的应力梯度。②利用库伦-莫尔破裂准则预测了研究区构造裂缝的发育,同时引入剪切破裂指数R定量表征裂缝发育的强度,其值越大反映裂缝发育程度越高。窄陡断背斜和断层附近裂缝发育,以高角度剪切裂缝为主,而在宽缓向斜部位裂缝发育程度最弱,研究区五峰组—龙马溪组底部硅质页岩应力集中,裂缝最发育。③涪陵南地区海相页岩气保存有利区主要为3个区带:远离大断层的凤来向斜内部,主要构造变形期未遭受大的破坏作用,其位于应力低值区,具有良好的保存条件,为Ⅰ类有利区;白马向斜内部小断层发育,应力值位于中等水平,保存条件中等,为Ⅱ类较有利区;石门—金坪断背斜遭受到强烈改造作用,容易产生大规模剪切裂缝,破坏了保存条件,为Ⅲ类不利区。

海相页岩与陆相页岩体积压裂支撑剂敏感性差异机理探讨

页岩体积压裂是储层在地应力与致裂压力联合作用下形成天然裂缝与压裂裂缝相互交错的复杂缝网,现场实践表明这个复杂的缝网破裂演化过程中海相、陆相页岩储层对不同粒径的支撑剂注入具有明显的敏感性差异。通过海陆相页岩露头剖面地质调查、钻井取芯对比分析岩体结构性差异,分析海相、陆相页岩水平井水力压裂施工数据,结合位移间断边界元裂缝网络演化模拟(DFN),揭示海相与陆相页岩体积压裂支撑剂敏感性差异机理。结果表明:陆相页岩呈岩性互层结构,多种岩体结构面发育,具有高度的结构非均质性特征;在相似的工况条件下,支撑剂随高压流体注入陆相页岩储层地面采集压力波动幅度较大,支撑剂对陆相页岩敏感性强于对海相页岩敏感性;海相页岩与陆相页岩岩体结构性差异导致水力压裂过程中的起裂行为、拓展机制、缝网形态的差异化机制,天然裂隙、弱结构面越发育,相同注入条件下压裂液滤失量大缝内净压力越低,水力裂缝平均开度越小;天然裂隙与最大水平主应力夹角越大,水力裂缝沟通天然裂隙之后转向至最大水平主应力方向扩展,转向段裂缝开度越小,容易引起支撑剂聚集沉降,从而造成支撑剂敏感性强。该研究对陆相页岩储层压裂方案优化具有一定现实指导意义。

南川常压海相页岩气注CO_(2)吞吐提高采收率工程实践

当前研究实验和模拟论证了注CO_(2)吞吐提高页岩气采收率的理论可行性,然而其实际工程效果尚未得到现场试验的验证。为此,基于四川盆地南川常压海相页岩气藏地质赋存及生产特征,开展了页岩等温吸附和CO_(2)—CH_(4)竞争吸附机理研究,实施了国内首次常压海相页岩气衰减井CO_(2)吞吐现场试验,并提出了构建成套技术体系的攻关方向。研究结果表明:①气井生产到后期进入低压低产阶段,表现出地层能量不足的特征,是提高气井采出程度的重要阶段;②常压页岩的CH_(4)和CO_(2)吸附能力明显高于低压或高压页岩,采用CO_(2)提采更具可行性和必要性;③相同条件下的常压、高压和低压3组页岩样品均表现出对CO_(2)的吸附量大于对CH_(4)的吸附量,且对气体的吸附能力依次为南川(常压海相)页岩>长宁(高压海相)页岩>延长(低压陆相)页岩;④试验井注CO_(2)吞吐增产效果明显,页岩气单井预测最终可采储量(EUR)从0.75×10^(8) m^(3)上升到0.90×10^(8) m^(3),单井控制储量5.186×10^(8) m^(3),预计采收率提高了2.9%。结论认为:①实施的国内首次常压海相页岩气衰减井注CO_(2)吞吐试验取得突破性进展,为我国页岩气井提高采收率技术研发与应用提供了重要借鉴与参考;②亟需开展页岩气衰减井CO_(2)提采资源潜力与时机评估、提采效果定量评价与工艺优化等研究,并形成页岩气衰减井注CO_(2)吞吐提高采收率成套关键技术及标准体系。

川东红星地区二叠系茅口组页岩气勘探突破及富集主控因素

四川盆地二叠系页岩气具有良好的成藏条件和勘探潜力,继二叠系吴家坪组获得勘探突破后,将低勘探程度层系——茅口组“高灰”页岩气作为重要的勘探接替方向。利用HYM-1等井的岩心、测录井和分析化验资料,系统开展茅口组页岩气藏条件与富集特征的研究,认为茅口组四段一亚段页岩具有高碳、高灰、高孔隙度、高含气性、高杨氏模量、薄储层、多夹层的“五高一薄一多”的典型地质特征;与五峰组—龙马溪组等页岩相比,茅四段页岩碳酸盐矿物含量更高、黏土矿物含量更低,储集空间类型以有机质孔为主,无机孔较少,孔隙度平均4.27%,整体表现为高孔隙度;茅四段一亚段平均含气量为4.96m^(3)/t,具备较高的含气量。综合分析认为,富藻高碳页岩的发育、良好的储集能力和保存条件,以及页岩储层的可压裂性,是茅四段页岩气富集高产的主控因素。

渤海湾盆地临清坳陷西部山西组—太原组海陆过渡相泥页岩沉积环境及有机质富集

海陆过渡相页岩气勘探开发处于初级阶段,而渤海湾盆地临清坳陷西部石炭—二叠系山西组—太原组泥页岩具有良好的生烃潜力,也是中国海陆过渡相页岩气开发的重要层位。为研究山西组—太原组泥页岩沉积环境与有机质富集关系,以XJ1井为研究对象,系统开展了岩石矿物、有机地球化学、元素地球化学以及数值分析等工作。研究表明:研究区山西组—太原组泥页岩脆性矿物含量低、黏土矿物含量高,压裂难度大,TOC含量平均值为4.03%,属于优质烃源岩,具备页岩气勘探开发潜力;太原组泥页岩沉积时期处于温暖湿润的气候条件,具有频繁变化的陆源碎屑输入、较低的沉积速率以及低—中等古生产力水平,沉积水体为海水沉积,处于缺氧还原和中等滞留环境;山西组泥页岩沉积时期,古气候条件复杂多变,具有稳定且较高的陆源碎屑输入、中等的沉积速率以及中—高等古生产力水平,沉积水体为微咸水—海水沉积,处于缺氧还原和中等—强滞留环境。根据古环境条件与TOC含量的线性相关性、灰色关联度以及稳健回归分析,认为太原组泥页岩有机质富集主要受控于古气候、古氧化还原以及古水体盐度条件,而山西组泥页岩有机质富集主要受控于古气候以及陆源碎屑输入条件。

四川超级含气盆地古生界大中型气田分布规律及其主控因素

四川盆地是中国天然气资源最为富集的超级含气盆地,但天然气探明程度目前仍然偏低。为了给下一步天然气勘探提供理论支撑,基于该盆地典型气田勘探历程,结合多期构造演化与含油气系统分析,探讨了四川盆地古生界大中型气田富集分布规律及其主控因素,揭示了该盆地巨大的天然气勘探潜力。研究结果表明:①四川盆地古生界蕴含3个超级含油气系统,即下寒武统筇竹寺组(探明储量占该盆地天然气总探明储量的17.55%)、上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组(探明储量占该盆地天然气总探明储量的41.30%)、上二叠统龙潭组/吴家坪组(探明储量占该盆地天然气总探明储量的12.53%);②该盆地古生界已发现20个超大型气田(天然气探明储量超过1000×10^(8)m^(3)),14个大型气田(天然气探明储量介于300×10^(8)~1000×10^(8)m^(3))以及20个中型气田(天然气探明储量介于100×10^(8)~300×10^(8)m^(3)),超大型气田探明储量占该盆地天然气总探明储量的85.5%;③古生界大型隆—坳格局构造沉积分异作用控制影响着该盆地内筇竹寺组、五峰组—龙马溪组和龙潭组/吴家坪组3套优质烃源岩层系的形成与分布。结论认为,晚三叠世以来的陆相盆地演化过程使得中晚三叠世—早中侏罗世成为上述3个超级含油气系统的关键成藏期,形成了3个气田群(绵阳—长宁拉张槽周缘带震旦系—下古生界、开江—梁平与蓬溪—武胜拉张槽周缘带二叠系—三叠系、川东南五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气),其合计天然气储量均超过1×10^(12)m^(3),是该盆地天然气勘探的有利区带。

基于区域地质图与数字高程模型的地层埋深预测方法及应用

对于页岩气、水溶气等非常规天然气资源早期选区评价,往往因为缺乏地震资料导致难以依赖地震构造解释获得目的层的埋深,故借助其他非地震资料有效预测目的层区域性埋深具有重要意义。区域地质图与数字高程模型(DEM)都是广泛覆盖且容易获取的基础性资料。利用区域地质图蕴含的地层产状、地下构造起伏趋势、地层埋深和地表出露地层年代的关系等信息,再叠合DEM地表高程,建立了一种有效预测目的层构造高度和埋深的新方法。利用四川盆地及周缘地区36幅1∶20万区域地质图和美国航空航天局(NASA)数字高程模型资料,预测了该区下志留统龙马溪组底界埋深,据此编制的龙马溪组底界埋深等值线图为该区页岩气保存条件评价提供了重要参数。该方法不仅可为页岩气早期选区评价提供有效支撑,还可应用于深部高压含水层中水溶气的资源评价、深部咸含水层CO_(2)地质封存的构造优选。