Construction of Evaluation System for High-quality Development of Characteristic Towns from the Perspective of Production-Living-Ecology Integration

From the perspective of production-living-ecology integration,an evaluation system,involving production quality,living quality and ecological quality,was constructed in this article for high-quality development of characteristic towns.Using Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process,the indices selected based on experience were screened,and the evaluation indices retained were weighted.What's more,relevant suggestions for high-quality development of characteristic towns were put forward from the three aspects of production,living and ecology.

Characteristics and dynamics analysis of Populus euphratica populations in the middle reaches of Tarim River

Populus euphratica Oliv. is widely distributed along the Tarim River. Maintaining stability of P. euphratica population is important to local development. This study explored the static life table, survivorship curves and four function curves (survival rate, cumulative mortality rate, mortality density, and hazard rate), and development index of P. euphratica population in the middle reaches of Tarim River. The results indicated that the age structure of P. euphratica population belonged to positive pyramidal type, which meant young age-class individuals occupied most populations. The number ofⅠ-Ⅱage classes accounted for 66.2% of whole population, and this indicated that there were abundant subsequent seedlings resources to support the growth of P. euphratica population in the middle reaches of Tarim River. The survivorship curve of P. euphratica belonged to the Deevey Ⅲ (concave-type) and the development index was 47.72%. Four function curves revealed that the individuals of P. euphratica sharply decreased at the initial stage and then leveled off at the late stage of survival curve. Time sequence prediction models predicted that the number of midlife individuals would increase in future 10, 20, 30 years, and P. euphratica population grew steadily as a result of rich saplings.

Population Characteristics and Future Population Countermeasures for the Studied Counties in Tibet, China

Focusing on the 18 counties along “One River and Two Tributaries” region, and based on the data from China 3nl, 4th and 5th population censuses, this article has analyzed the time and spatial changing patterns of the population in this region. The analyses show that since the 3nl population census, total population, average age and total birth rate have all changed considerably: ① Total population has grown, fast, with most counties' annual average growth rate of more than 10. ② In terms of the region's average age, in 2000 the age in the 18 counties is younger than 30 years old. ③ Compared with the 3nl population census, labor force by the 5th census is much younger. ④ Countermeasures are proposed to control population by controlling birth rate as the result of the local resident's quality improvement by education.

Evaluation of Material-based Development of China Using GIS Methods

Regional development is a course of accumulation based on many factors, which is directly related to resources utilization and conversion. And material wealth production and accumulation embody the outcome of regional development. Thus, focusing on material wealth, regional development can be evaluated from resources and perspective of resources conversion. Taking the infrastructural level, transportation accessibility and economic development level into full account, the concept of "material-based development" was presented and the material-based development index (MDI) model was established. By using the MDI model, geographic information system technology and mathematic methods, this article then calculated MDI of each county and province of China in 2005 and systematically evaluated the material-based development of China at county and provincial scales, so as to bring some scientific references and policy-making supports to the population development function oriented zoning and population spatial distribution planning of China. The result showed that: (1) At county scale, the material-based development of counties within China in 2005 was significantly different, in which there were 1876 counties belonging to the mid-level material-based development and accounted for 78.10% of the total. The numbers of high-level and low-level counties were 144 and 382 and accounted for 6.00% and 15.90% respectively, demonstrating a spindle shape in general. The spatial distribution of material-based development was unbalanced, and it was much better in southeastern part of the line of "Daxinganling–Yinshan-Liupanshan–southeast edge of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau" than that of northwestern. Furthermore, there were also differences of the sub-index between different material-based development levels. Therefore, for different regions, key issues and measures adaptable to local condition should be prioritized and taken in order to realize regional balance development. (2) At provincial scale, there was also significant difference between each province and the spatial distribution of it was "high in the east, low in the west" in general. It meant that the capacity of natural resources attraction and conversion of east China was better than that of west China. The infrastructure level was the main factor ac- counting for the differences of material-based development levelsamong provinces. As a result, our government should make great efforts to improve infrastructure condition, especially the western part of China, so as to narrow the gap between the western part and the eastern part to realize the coordinated development within different regions and rapidly socio-economic development of China.

人口高质量发展指数构建与国际评价研究

近半个世纪以来全球和中国的人口形势都发生了巨大变化,运用科学而简明的指标体系评价人口高质量发展状况及趋势有利于全球共同科学应对人口新常态对社会经济产生的巨大影响。在中国式现代化语境中,人口高质量发展的基本理论内涵是指人口总量、素质、结构和分布等要素有力支撑现代化发展和有助于实现人类自身的全面发展。运用专家咨询法和熵权法,从人口现代化发展和人的全面发展2个维度、5个分维度共选择12个指标构建人口高质量发展指数。实证研究显示人口素质、人口经济发展、人口生活质量、人口宜居环境、全民共享发展的最终权重系数分别为0.398 9、0.299 6、0.102 8、0.130 5和0.068 2。据此对世界有数据可得的国家和地区人口高质量发展情况进行测算,结果爱尔兰得分排名第一,中国排名第四十六。人口高质量发展指数均值由高到低依次为欧洲、大洋洲、北美洲、南美洲、亚洲和非洲。发达国家的人口高质量发展水平普遍高于发展中国家和最不发达国家。研究构建的人口高质量指数与既有相关国际指标具有一定的区分度,体现了人口高质量发展方面中国开放式的自主话语体系。世界人口高质量发展区域失衡与存在差异的关键影响因素仍然是经济发展水平。人口素质和人口经济发展是我国人口高质量发展的相对优势所在。

The Evolution and Driving Force on Integrating Environmental Protection and High-Quality Economic Development

An index system is constructed to measure the integration of environmental protection and high-quality economic development in different cities in China from 2006 to 2018,and to explore its evolution and driving forces.From the three dimensions of integration foundation,integration depth and integration performance,this paper adopts AHP-Entropy combined weighting method to build the integration index.In addition,this paper comprehensively uses exponential decomposition,comparative analysis and o convergence and divergence analysis to explore the spatio-temporal differences and dynamic mechanisms.The results show that the overall integration level of China's cities continues to improve,of which technological progress is the core driving force,the transformation of development mode is a crucial path,and the intensity of environmental governance is the key support.The evolution and driving forces of the integration level of first-tier cities,new first-tier cities and other cities are significantly different.Promoting integration level is a critical way for resourcebased cities to break the resource curse.Urban agglomeration integration led by the growth pole can effectively improve the overall regional integration level.This paper innovates that the relationship between environmental protection and high-quality economic development is discussed from the perspective of integration,and the paths to improve the integration level of resource-based cities and urban agglomerations are identified.This paper is helpful to clarify the differences in integration levels and driving forces of different cities,and provide a reference value for the precise implementation of high-quality development and“beautiful China.”

手术科室高质量发展评价指标体系构建及应用

目的构建一套科学适宜可靠的手术科室高质量发展评价指标体系,应用该体系评价分析手术科室高质量发展的成效与不足。方法运用文献研究和专家讨论明确手术科室高质量发展评价指标库。运用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定指标权重,形成指标体系。结果构建了一套手术科室高质量发展评价指标体系,其中一级指标3个、二级指标19个。运用该评价指标体系,以某医院某科室2019—2021年运营数据为例,进行应用研究,该科室2021年高质量发展得分最高(92.999分),提质维度的满分比最高(2021年为95.52%)。结论探索实践应用,构建科学指标体系,精准评价手术科室高质量发展;保持提质领先态势,改善降本增效薄弱环节,提升医疗服务效能;推进智慧管理,搭建高质量发展数据平台,形成监测评价反馈闭环。

基于随机森林模型的辽宁省收缩城市未来发展趋势探究

由于城镇水平的高速发展,如何快速有效地遏制收缩城市的进程已然成为人们关注的重点。该文针对收缩城市的分类、影响收缩城市的重要因素和收缩城市未来发展趋势进行分析与讨论。通过对常住人口增长率、随机森林模型的计算,筛选出了2009—2020年辽宁省30个城市中的收缩城市与影响收缩的较大因素,将数据绘制成城市发展指数变化折线图,针对曲线的趋势,对各个收缩城市的未来发展进行合理的分析与预测。

不同季节黄瓜上烟粉虱自然种群生命表研究

The study showed that in the early growth stage of cucumber in spring,the predation on Bemisia tabaci egg was the key factor for controlling B.tabaci population,and the exclusion index of population control was 1.7333.In the late growth stage of cucumber in spring,summer and autumn,the predation on B.tabaci elder nymph was the critical factor for controlling B.tabaci population,and the exclusion index of population control was 4.5372,4.0429 and 7.9021,respectively.From spring to autumn,the index of population development trend was decreased from 21.0610 to 5.8523,because of the increasing controlling effect of the predators,and the exclusion index of population control was from 4.0560 to 17.8662.

幼虫密度对草地螟生长发育及繁殖的影响

为了明确幼虫密度对草地螟Loxostege sticticalis种群增长的影响,对室内条件下(温度22±1℃,RH70%±5%,光周期16L∶8D)不同幼虫密度[1,10,20,30和40头/瓶(650mL)]饲养的草地螟生长发育及繁殖进行了研究。结果表明:幼虫密度对草地螟幼虫体色、发育历期和存活率,以及蛹重和成虫生殖等有显著影响。随着幼虫密度的增加,幼虫体色黑化程度呈增强趋势,幼虫密度大于10头/瓶时的体色黑化值均显著大于幼虫密度为1头/瓶时的体色黑化值(P<0.05)。20头/瓶的幼虫和蛹历期最短,且随幼虫密度的增加而显著延长(P<0.05)。幼虫存活率以10头/瓶最高,其他幼虫密度的幼虫存活率显著较低(P<0.05)。蛹重以1头/瓶的最重,并随幼虫密度增加而显著下降(P<0.05)。成虫产卵量和交配率分别以1和20头/瓶的幼虫密度最高,幼虫密度升高则产卵量、交配率逐渐降低。成虫产卵历期随着幼虫密度的增加逐渐缩短。雌、雄蛾寿命分别以10和20头/瓶幼虫密度时最长,幼虫密度过高时雌雄蛾寿命又显著缩短(P<0.05)。生命表分析表明,幼虫密度对草地螟种群增长指数有显著影响,以10头/瓶幼虫密度的种群增长指数最高,幼虫密度过高或过低时种群增长指数下降。据此认为,幼虫密度是影响草地螟种群增长的重要因子之一。

温度和寄主植物对瓜蚜实验种群增长的影响

在寄主植物 (苦瓜、丝瓜、豇豆 )上 ,研究温度和寄主植物对瓜蚜的生长发育、繁殖及种群增长的影响 .结果显示 ,瓜蚜在 3种寄主上的生长发育和繁殖情况有差异 ,并随温度而变化 ,但皆以 18℃的种群增长趋势指数 (I)最高 ,分别为 6 .2 88、1.2 97和 0 .32 4 .寄主选择性实验和控温实验结果一致表明 ,在 3种寄主中 ,苦瓜最适瓜蚜种群增长 ,豇豆次之 ,丝瓜最差 .随温度升高 ,发育历期呈减短趋势 ,但达到 32℃时稍有延长 .

中国人口分布与经济发展空间一致性研究

人口分布与经济发展之间的关系长期以来备受瞩目。本文采用定性与定量分析相结合的方法,通过构建人口经济一致性系数和人口经济偏离度指数等指标,定量分析与评价了改革开放以来中国分县、分省、四大地区及全国,不同时空尺度的人口分布与经济发展的空间一致性。研究表明:2000～2010年,中国分县人口集聚程度高于经济集聚水平,人口集聚呈现出显著的经济导向性,人口集聚与经济集聚表现出向好趋势;2000～2010年,中国分省人口经济一致性程度呈增强趋势,受经济差距缩小影响,省际一致性差距在缩小;1978～2010年,东部地区人口经济一致性程度基本稳定,中部保持最优,西部呈减弱态势,东北呈增强特征,全国人口经济空间一致性程度总体呈减弱趋势。

中国可持续发展指标体系建立的原则及结构

本文从中国的现实情况出发，借鉴了国外研究可持续发展指标体系的经验，提出了中国可持续发展指标体系的建立原则和结构。

基于人口规模的沿海沿江城市群发展规律及对策研究

基于人口规模,从沿海、沿江、内陆城市的新分类视角构建适用于沿海沿江城市群的两城市、四城市首位度模型,制定首位城市、周边城市、城市边界的相关设定,探讨城市群的发展规律和影响因素,提出海陆差异、发展阶段、行政区位和特殊事件四个命题。研究表明:大部分地区遵循从增长极到中心—外围,再向稳定协调阶段发展的规律,在此过程中受四大命题的影响存在一定发展差异。

不同的茶尺蠖地理种群增长差异性研究

针对来源于6个省份的茶尺蠖种群发育和繁殖情况,研究不同茶尺蠖地理种群增长的差异性.结果表明:不同地理种群茶尺蠖的卵和幼虫发育历期具有明显的差异性,成虫寿命和产卵量亦存在着一定的差异性,而蛹的发育历期和幼虫存活率差异不明显.种群增长指数显示,在各种群中,以武汉种群增长指数最大,繁殖一代后种群数量约增加123倍,信阳和长沙种群增长指数最小约为80,而杭州、南昌、福州种群增长指数居中,介于80～123之间.

塔里木河上游胡杨种群特征与动态分析

通过样地调查和数据统计,编制胡杨种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、生存率曲线、累计死亡率曲线、种群死亡密度曲线和危险率曲线,分析种群数量特征。同时,结合种群动态量化方法及时间序列预测,分析种群数量动态变化。结果表明:上游区域胡杨种群年龄结构呈金字塔型,幼龄级所占比例较大;存活曲线接近DeeveyC(凹)型,且动态指数>0,表明胡杨种群结构合理,为增长型种群;生存曲线、累计死亡率曲线、死亡密度曲线和危险率曲线表明,胡杨种群前期幅度变化较大,后期趋于稳定;时间序列分析表明,由于丰富的后续资源,种群能够稳定的生长。

异迟眼蕈蚊幼虫饲养密度对生长发育和繁殖的影响

为探讨异迟眼蕈蚊不同幼虫饲养密度对其生长发育和种群繁殖的影响,设置5个幼虫饲养密度(10、40、70、100、130头·瓶-1)处理,观察分析了异迟眼蕈蚊的发育历期、存活率、单雌产卵量等。结果表明,异迟眼蕈蚊幼虫密度对幼虫历期、化蛹率和羽化率均有显著影响(P<0.05),其中幼虫密度为70头·瓶-1和100头·瓶-1时,可显著缩短幼虫发育历期;幼虫密度为70头·瓶-1时,化蛹率和羽化率最高,分别达79.95%和85.68%。幼虫密度对成虫寿命、产卵期、单雌产卵量也有显著影响(P<0.05),均以70头·瓶-1幼虫密度处理影响最大,其中雌虫寿命为3.58 d,雄虫寿命为3.45 d,产卵期为2.83 d,单雌产卵量为80.58粒。种群生命表分析说明,幼虫密度为70头·瓶-1的种群增长指数最大,繁殖一代后种群数量可增加24.2倍。表明幼虫密度是影响异迟眼蕈蚊种群增长的重要因子之一,可作为种群调查重要指标之一。

干旱区绿洲稳定性评价指标体系构建及其应用分析

干旱区各类生态环境问题中,绿洲稳定性是最为核心和关键的,因为绿洲是干旱区所特有的一类景观,是干早区人类生存和生产的核心场所,其稳定与否,直接关系到绿洲能否实现人口、资源与环境的可持续发展。绿洲的稳定性就是确保绿洲生态系统的能流、物流、人流、信息流处在良性循环状态。选择农牧业经济为主的极端干旱区—塔里木盆地南部典型绿洲,按绿洲系统的结构分为资源环境和社会经济两个子系统,各个子系统又可分为不同层次的指标层,构建优化的指标体系共18个指标,利用绿洲稳定性指数对研究区3个时期绿洲稳定性进行了综合评价和分析,该项研究对于干旱区绿洲实现人口、资源与环境可持续发展具有重大意义。

我国省级政府人力规模影响因素定量分析

目前,国内学界对政府人力规模所进行的定量分析和实证研究主要局限于从纵向和横向两个基本视角对中国政府的人力规模进行历史考察和国际比较,对我国省级政府人力规模影响因素的定量研究尚不多见,基本上是政府人力规模问题研究的空白点。本文以2006年全国30个省级行政单位(台湾、香港、澳门、西藏除外)为样本,通过Eviews5.1软件对省级政府人力规模的影响因素进行定量回归分析,发现经济发展水平、市场化综合指数、地域面积、政府财力因素与我国省级政府人力规模呈正相关关系,人口因素与省级政府人力规模呈负相关关系。这个结论与我国许多学者的经验观察与主观感受是相反的。在此基础之上,提出了对我国省级政府构建合理、适度人力规模行之有效的政策建议。

不同温度下茄二十八星瓢虫的实验种群生命表

近年来,茄二十八星瓢虫Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata在江汉平原地区危害严重,本研究旨在探明温度对该地区茄二十八星瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响,组建茄二十八星瓢虫的实验种群生命表,为该虫防治提供一定的理论依据。本研究采用室内恒温饲养方法,分别设置19℃、22℃、25℃、28℃、31℃和34℃等6个温度,测定各温度下用马铃薯饲养不同虫态的生长发育历期。结果表明,茄二十八星瓢虫在不同恒温条件下各虫态的发育历期随着温度的升高而逐渐缩短,19℃恒温下发育历期最长为32.19 d,31℃恒温下仅为13.15 d。幼虫期和蛹期的发育起点温度分别为10.93和12.13℃,日有效积温为186.04和57.06 d·℃。在19-31℃5个温区下幼虫和蛹的存活率都很高,并依据该温区内的发育起点温度和有效积温建立了发育历期预测式与Logistic模型。在25℃时单雌平均产卵量达到最大值1074.50粒,世代存活率和种群趋势指数最高,分别为93.33%和501.47,高温和低温均不利于其种群数量增加。