Residual fluoride self-activated effect enabling upgraded utilization of recycled graphite anode

Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure and performance.Herein,the residual fluoride self-activated effect is proposed for the upgraded utilization of RG.Simple and low-energy water immersion treatment not only widens the interlayer spacing,but also retains appropriate fluoride on the surface of RG.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the residual fluoride can optimize Li~+migration and deposition kinetics,resulting in better Li~+intercalation/deintercalation in the interlayer and more stable Li metal plating/stripping on the surface of RG,As a result,the designed LFP||RG full cells achieve ultrahigh reversibility(~100%Coulombic efficiency),high capacity retention(67%after 200 cycles,0.85 N/P ratio),and commendable adaptability(stable cycling without short-circuiting,0.15 N/P ratio).The energy density is improved from 334 Wh kg^(-1)of 1.1 N/P ratio to 367 Wh kg^(-1)of 0.85 N/P ratio(total mass based on cathode and anode).The exploration of RG by residual fluoride self-activated effect achieves upgraded utilization beyond fresh commercial graphite and highlights a new strategy for efficient reuse of SLIBs.

Recycling and utilization of coal gasification residues for fabricating Fe/C composites as novel microwave absorbents

Under the background of a transformation of the global energy structure,coal gasification technology has a wide application prospect,but its by-product,the coal gasification residue(CGR),is still not being efficiently utilized for recycling.The CGR contains abundant carbon components,which could be applied to the microwave absorption field as the carbon matrix.In this study,Fe/CGR composites are fabricated via a two-step method,including the impregnation of Fe^(3+)and the reduction process.The influence of the different loading capacities of the Fe component on the morphology and electromagnetic properties is studied.Moreover,the loading content of Fe and the surface morphology of the Fe/CGR can be reasonably controlled by adjusting the concentration of the ferric nitrate solution.Meanwhile,Fe particles are evenly inserted on the CGR framework,which expands the Fe/CGR interfaces to enhance interfacial polarization,thus further improving the microwave-absorbing(MA)properties of composites.Particularly,as the Fe^(3+)concentration is 1.0 mol/L,the Fe/CGR composite exhibits outstanding performance.The reflection loss reaches-39.3 dB at 2.5 mm,and the absorption bandwidth covers 4.1 GHz at 1.5 mm.In this study,facile processability,resource recycling,appropriately matched impedance,and excellent MA performance are achieved.Finally,the Fe/CGR composites not only enhance the recycling of the CGR but also pioneer a new path for the synthesis of excellent absorbents.

Development of sustainable and efficient recycling technology for spent Li-ion batteries: Traditional and transformation go hand in hand

Clean and efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human society.Therefore,we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs,starting with lithium-ion power batteries.Recent research on raw material collection,metallurgical recovery,separation and purification is highlighted,particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efficiency,energy consumption,technology transformation and policy management.Mechanisms and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored,revealing a clean and efficient closed-loop recovery mechanism.Optimization methods are proposed for future recycling technologies,with a focus on how future research directions can be industrialized.Ultimately,based on life-cycle assessment,the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efficient short process recycling technologies.This work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry,to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling.

Research and development of recycling utilization of used refractories:A review

Due to thermal stability and excellent resistance to slag erosion,the used refractories can be recycled as the main raw material for some refractories.In this article the latest developments about used refractories in metallurgical industry has been reviewed,focusing on the results reported in the past decade.The research and reutilization methods of used refractories were discussed.For the research of used refractories,the results of two aspects,the performance and surface corrosion characteristics,are summarized.Then,the advances in research on recycling technology of several main kinds of used refractories,such as MgO-C,Al2O3-SiC-C,Al2O3-MgO-C,magnesium-chrome,and corundum-spinel refractories were summarized and discussed in detail.Some results of the author’s group were reported等线accompanied by these comments.The microstructure and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectra,and the properties of the refractories were analyzed.Afterwards,the scope of application of materials was determined according to the classification and analysis of refractories.Finally,the large-scale application of used refractories and an outlook is given to future developments of the entire recycling industry.

The Essence of a Recycling Economy:Circular Utilization of Resources

By analyzing the relationship between a recycling economy and sustainable development theory, this article puts forward the basic concept of a recycling economy as a dynamic economic operational model, and explains the four basic characteristics. It is stressed that the essential element of a recycling economy is the use of resources circularly. In the end, this article analyzes the phenomena of utilizing the recycling economy concept incorrectly, and sets forth a number of problems that should be noted during the process of developing a recycling economy in China.

New technology for recycling materials from oily cold rolling mill sludge

Oily cold rolling mill （CRM） sludge is one of metallurgical industry solid wastes. The recycle of these wastes can not only protect the environment but also permit their reutilization. In this research, a new process of ＂hydrometallurgical treatment ＋ hydrothermal synthesis＂ was investigated for the combined recovery of iron and organic materials from oily CRM sludge. Hydrometallurgical treatment, mainly including acid leaching, centrifugal separation, neutralization reaction, oxidizing, and preparation of hydrothermal reaction precursor, was first utilized for processing the sludge. Then, micaceous iron oxide （MIO） pigment powders were prepared through hydrothermal reaction of the obtained precursor in alkaline media. The separated organic materials can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock. The quality of the prepared MIO pigments is in accordance with the standards of MIO pigments for paints （ISO 10601-2007）. This clean, effective, and economical technology offers a new way to recycle oily CRM sludge.

Utilization of fly ash from coal-fired power plants in China

The rapidly increasing demand for energy in China leads to the construction of new power plants all over the country. Coal, as the main fuel resource of those power plants, results in increasing problems with the disposal of solid residues from combustion and off gas cleaning. This investigation describes chances for the utilization of fly ash from coal-fired power plants in China. After briefly comparing the situation in China and Germany, the status of aluminum recycling from fly ash and the ad- vantages for using fly ash in concrete products are introduced. Chemical and physical analyses of Chinese fly ash samples, e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD), ICP (Inductive Coupled Plasma) and particle size analysis, water requirement, etc. are presented. Rea- sonable amounts of aluminum were detected in the samples under investigation, but for recovery only sophisticated procedures are available up to now. Therefore, simpler techniques are suggested for the first steps in the utilization of Chinese fly ash.

Recycling of the Waste from Large-scale Pig Farms

The management mode, economic benefits and technology integration of large-scale pig breeding are superior to those of traditional pig breeding by scattered peasant households, and it has a significant agglomeration effect. However, the waste from large-scale pig farms are discharged in a concentrated manner, which aggravates environmental pollution and increases treatment difficulty, and improper disposal can lead to serious environmental problems. The main pollutants in the waste from large-scale pig farms are high-concentration organic pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus. Meanwhile, they are also the main nutrients needed for the growth of plants, animals and microorganisms. By a series of key techniques, the waste from large-scale pig farms can be recycled as fertilizer, feed and energy.

Utilization of α-olefins obtained by pyrolysis of waste high density polyethylene to synthesize α-olefin-succinic-anhydride based cold flow improvers

浪费聚合物热分解获得的石蜡富人烃部分的利用的一条新线路被调查。-olefin-succinic-anhydride 基于中介倒点镇静剂添加剂因为柴油被综合，在哪个反应需要的石蜡被废物的热分解获得高密度的聚乙烯(HDPE ) 。石蜡的部分被塑料废物的de聚合在 500 滓鲥?在一个试管反应堆生产???????????????????????禧?????迋????骤??????吗鲥??????禧哉????嫪????滓?????篤?廯??????可??????????????裍??妢???????臙???????蚨?蚨？？

塑料废弃物的资源化利用研究进展

随着人们生活质量的提高,塑料制品的使用量不断上升,塑料废弃物日益增多.然而,由于废弃塑料的回收利用率低,因此塑料废弃物的管理及资源化利用成为了全球环境保护和可持续发展领域的重要课题.论文概述了塑料的特性与分类、来源与组成,综述了当前塑料废弃物的物理处理、化学处理及生物处理技术及不同处理方法的优势及缺陷;分析了塑料废弃物资源化利用技术先进案例;提出了加强塑料废弃物资源化利用的措施.

基于可循环利用的建筑废弃物分类遴选研究

建筑废弃物主要来源于旧建筑物的拆除及“更新换代”过程,对于建筑废弃物的处理大多为填埋、随意废弃和焚烧,只有少量被回收利用,因而造成了大量建筑资源的浪费以及严重的生态环境污染问题。为此,如何实现建筑废弃物的高效绿色循环利用,变废为宝、物尽其用,成为亟须解决的问题。而建筑废弃物的分类遴选是提高其资源利用率的关键步骤,针对建筑废弃物循环利用中的分选过程及再利用途径进行相关的研究,总结了建筑废弃物循环再利用的分类遴选方式及其对建筑绿色可持续发展的重要性。

京津冀平原非常规水资源利用前景分析及其生态环境效应

[研究目的]京津冀平原水资源严重短缺,供需矛盾十分突出,加大非常规水资源利用力度,形成多元供水格局,可有效缓解水资源供需矛盾,对支撑京津冀协同发展区社会经济协调发展和推动生态文明建设具有重要意义。[研究方法]文章系统开展非常规水资源供水方向、开发利用模式和供水规模分类数据统计,依据各省(直辖市)非常规水资源供水规划及配置目标,分析其开发利用前景及其生态环境效应。[研究结果]该区非常规水资源主要包括微咸水、再生水、淡化海水、雨洪水,其中微咸水主要分布于中东部平原的天津、沧州、衡水等地,供水前景为5.43×10^(8)m^(3);再生水利用以北京、天津等大中型及工业城市为主,供水前景为34.22×10^(8)m^(3);淡化海水利用以天津等滨海城市为主,供水前景为4.19×10^(8)m^(3);雨洪水利用较分散。[结论](1)微咸水用于农业灌溉存在土壤盐渍化风险,需加强水盐调控。(2)再生水用于河流生态补水,沿线地表水富营养化,地下水体未受到明显污染;地下水浅埋区开展再生水灌溉,会增加硝酸盐污染风险;建议将高风险的新兴污染物纳入再生水利用监控体系。(3)海水淡化尾液浓盐水、冷却热水可能改变天然海洋生态系统的分布、构成与多样性,应予以关注。(4)雨洪水利用可降低污水入河的水质风险,但过度利用可能影响区域生态系统的稳定性,建议城市区适度扩大利用。

构建生态资源再循环利用下的现代种养结合生产经营方式研究

种养结合是传统的农业生产经营方式,不仅促进了种植业和养殖业的发展,也实现了农业内部物质和能量的相互交换以及原料和废弃物资源的相互利用。然而,随着工业化和化学农业的兴起,种养结合的内在循环体系逐渐割裂,对农业生态资源系统造成了掠夺性破坏。因此,必须加快构建生态资源再循环利用下的现代种养结合的生产经营方式。建立现代种养结合的生态资源循环利用系统,应以种植业和养殖业间的内在循环系统为依托,拓展农业发展空间,延伸农业产业链和价值链,并通过构建4种生产经营模式和3种生产经营管理方法,促进系统有效运转,进而最终实现城乡产业融合,优化区域产业结构,促进农村一、二、三产业融合发展。

退役动力电池回收研究进展及未来趋势——基于CiteSpace可视化分析

基于中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science核心数据库,运用文献计量软件CiteSpace对2000—2023年退役动力电池回收研究的发文趋势、高产作者、高产机构、关键词共现和聚类等进行可视化分析。结果发现:自2000年以来,动力电池回收研究呈持续上升趋势,国外高产作者聚集且合作关系紧,国内高产作者分散且合作关系疏;国外高产机构集中于发达国家,国内高产机构多来自经济发展水平较高的城市;关键词共现和聚类分析表明,退役动力电池回收工艺、梯次利用和回收体系是研究焦点。未来应积极开展跨区域、跨学科和跨产业合作,加强高效、智能、安全的退役动力电池回收体系及其梯次利用产业链构建研究,以促进新能源汽车产业链的健康发展。

锌灰资源化回收及超临界水热合成纳米氧化锌系统工艺

为了对锌灰进行资源化回收及对其经济性进行分析,将湿法回收工艺和超临界水热合成技术相结合,将锌灰生成价值较高的纳米氧化锌产品,采用Aspen Plus软件平台,建立了完整的系统工艺,并分析了系统运行过程中的物料成本及能耗成本。在硫酸浓度为2 mol·L^(-1)、固液比为1∶8、浸出温度为50℃、浸出时间为2 h、搅拌器转速为300 r·min^(-1)的条件下,锌灰中锌的浸出率达到了95%以上。除杂过程除去了Fe、Al、Ni、Cu等杂质,除杂后的溶液中锌的质量分数达到了97%。利用锌灰浸出液在400℃和25 MPa的超临界条件下,合成了平均粒径为26 nm的纳米氧化锌,晶体结晶度良好,纯度较高。通过与纯物料所合成的纳米氧化锌进行对比,验证了该技术的可行性,显著提升了系统运行的经济性。

锂离子电池循环利用与碳足迹管理建设

截至2023年年底,我国新能源汽车保有量为2041万辆;符合行业规范条件审核的综合利用企业累计156家,共设立回收服务网点10468个,已覆盖全国31个省市。2023年锂离子电池产量超过940 GW·h,废旧锂离子电池循环利用量22.5万t,预计2024年废旧锂离子电池循环利用量超过26万t。有关行业政策规范和标准,提出了电池生产与材料生产环节的能耗指标,初步构建废旧锂离子电池循环利用和碳足迹管理体系。有研究表明,电池生产碳排放为61~106 kg(CO_(2))/kW·h,其中:生产和组装环节碳排放为2~47 kg(CO_(2))/kW·h;上游环节(采矿、精炼等)为59 kg(CO_(2))/kW·h,占比超过一半。

废旧混凝土再生材料在沥青混凝土中的稳定化利用研究

为实现废旧混凝土的便捷、高效再利用,在分析不同粒径范围再生材料的宏、微观性质特征及其沥青混凝土主要工程性能的基础上,确定可克服再生粗骨料性质缺陷的再生材料适用粒径范围以及该粒径范围再生材料在沥青混凝土中的利用方案。结果表明:随着再生材料粒径的减小,由砂浆-碎石界面间隙、裂缝以及砂浆层内部孔隙、裂纹引起的再生粗骨料材料性质不佳以及性质变异性大的问题得到了显著改善,尤其当再生材料以粉状存在时,其材料性质非常均匀,因此建议将废旧混凝土以再生粉料的形式进行循环利用;引入高碱性水泥与再生粉料配合使用可消除再生粉料因SiO_(2)含量较高对沥青混凝土性能潜在的不利影响,再生粉料与水泥体积比为3∶1时可制备出水稳定性、高低温性能以及疲劳性能均满足《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》(JTG F40—2004)要求的沥青混凝土。

反渗透浓水回收利用的探索研究

反渗透水处理伴随产生了大量的浓水,为了避免污染问题,分别从反渗透水处理装置的原理、反渗透浓水回收利用方案和相关注意事项出发,提出了反渗透浓水回收利用的工艺改造思路,进而使得水资源的利用率提高,最终为实现零排放奠定基础。

不同养护方式对铁尾矿砂制备的再生粗骨料性能影响

为了提高铁尾矿沙的利用率,本文采用成球技术使用铁尾矿沙制备粗骨料,将经过界面预处理后的铁尾矿砂采用喷洒预处理液水雾,同时撒入胶凝材料的方式生成骨料颗粒,最后将骨料颗粒进行养护得到再生粗骨料。探究不同的养护方式对再生粗骨料的性能的影响,结合SEM和MIP探究养护方式对再生粗骨料微观形貌和孔结构的影响。结果表明:改进的成球技术制备铁尾矿沙再生粗骨料具有一定的可行性。另外,自然养护条件骨料的性能表现最差,蒸汽养护骨料的压碎指标最小,碳化养护骨料的吸水率最小。从微观结构来看碳化养护的骨料体系结构致密,孔隙和微裂缝含量相对较少,因此骨料吸水率最小;蒸汽养护水化产物含有大量的凝胶状和网状结构的水化硅酸钙、针状钙矾石和少量的氢氧化钙晶体,这是压碎指标小的原因。这些研究结果为铁尾矿沙制备再生粗骨料应用于混凝土的后期服役过程中提供了指导意义。

废旧塑料的回收与利用

塑料制品给人类带来便利,但因其难以降解,所造成的环境污染问题已成为各国广泛关注的环境问题。当前,由于石油和煤炭等化石资源的紧缺,废旧塑料的回收利用成为缓解能源与环境危机的途径之一。总结了塑料回收与再利用的现状,研究塑料垃圾回收利用的各种关键技术,并介绍了近年来中国塑料回收和处理技术的研究进展。