An insulin-loaded emulsion system （IES） was developed as a hypoglycaemic drug for transmucosal delivery. The selected formulation was a stable oil/water emulsion system. The particles in the emulsion system were dis...An insulin-loaded emulsion system （IES） was developed as a hypoglycaemic drug for transmucosal delivery. The selected formulation was a stable oil/water emulsion system. The particles in the emulsion system were distributed evenly, and the particle size ranged from 20 to 260 nm（ average size ： 67.5 nm ）. Soybean lecithin played an important role in the emulsion system due to its abilities of acting as both absorption enhancer for insulin uptake through sublingual mucosa and oily phase for the emulsion system. The laser confocal scanning microscopic（LCSM） study showed that FITC-labelled insulin could penetrate the sublingual mucosa of rabbits, and the phase diagrams of the emulsion system suggested that soybean lecithin could take the place of oily phase to construct a stable emulsion system even if the traditional oil was absent. The applications of soybean lecithin as pharmaceutical biomaterial were extended for the further usage by present studies.展开更多
the composites of grafting polystyrene polyvinyl acetate (PVA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with soybean lecithin, are obtained. Results of grafting experiments show that the grafting ratio on the surfac...the composites of grafting polystyrene polyvinyl acetate (PVA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with soybean lecithin, are obtained. Results of grafting experiments show that the grafting ratio on the surface of the fibers is low when the grafting polymer chain is not cross linked. Under scanning electron microscope (SEM), it is discovered that there is no different morphology between the raw fibers and their being coated with soybean lecithin. The composites exhibit a good stability of soybean lecithin layer, and better anti coagulant property than the sulfonated grafting fibers or raw fibers.展开更多
Objective:To estimate the result of egg yolk replacement with alternative cryopreservatives such as plant-derived lecithin from soybean on sperm quality parameters pre and post freezing in buffalo bulls.Methods: The c...Objective:To estimate the result of egg yolk replacement with alternative cryopreservatives such as plant-derived lecithin from soybean on sperm quality parameters pre and post freezing in buffalo bulls.Methods: The control cryopreservation extender was tris-citric acid-fructose-egg yolk-glycerol (TCFYG) diluent. Semen samples were extended gradually 1:10 with TCFYG control extender and tris-citric acid-fructose-glycerol (TCFG) extender plus variable concentrations of soybean lecithin (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0%) to ensure 60 million active spermatozoa/mL of the extended semen. The diluted semen samples were refrigerated slowly (roughly for 2 h) up to 5℃ and equilibrated for 2 h. Semen was filled into 0.25 mL polyvinyl French straws (IMV, France). After equilibration period, the straws were placed horizontally on a rack and frozen in a vapor 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 10 min and were then dipped stored in liquid nitrogen at -196℃. Results:The respective overall percentages of forward motile spermatozoa, live spermatozoa, morphologically normal spermatozoa, acrosome integrity and hypo-osmotic swelling reactivity observed primarily in fresh semen, after equilibration (pre-freeze stage) and post freezing (post-thaw stage) in TCFYG (control) extended semen declined progressively and statically (P<0.01) during these periods of study. Pre-freezing stage: replacement of egg yolk into TCFG with soybean lecithin at concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% significantly (P<0.01) ameliorated the maintenance of (motility, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity %), meanwhile it had significantly (P<0.01) reduced the abnormality % of spermatozoa to the lowest value compared to control TCFYG and to some other concentrations in use. Post-thaw stage: the replacement of egg yolk with 1.0% soybean lecithin (SL) showed significantly (P<0.01) higher percentage of sperm progressive motility compared to 1.5% SL and TCFYG control. These values were significantly (P<0.01) higher than 0.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% SL. The post thawing live sperm percentage mean values were significantly (P<0.01) higher in 1.0% SL and 1.5% SL compared to control. These values were significantly (P<0.01) higher than in 0.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% SL. The mean values of post-thaw morphological normal sperm percentage did not differ between 1.0% SL and control groups but significantly (P<0.01) higher than 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% SL. The respective percentage mean values of post-thaw sperm with head, mid-piece and tail abnormalities were significantly (P<0.01) lower in 1.0% SL than all other SL concentrations. Concerning the post-thaw percentages of acrosome and sperm membrane integrity, the respective mean values were significantly (P<0.01) higher in 1.0% SL and 1.5% SL as compared to control. Mean values of both parameters in the 0.5% SL were intermediate between 1.0% and 1.5% SL versus control groups. The previously mentioned mean values in acrosome/membrane integrity were significantly (P<0.01) higher than 2.0% SL, 2.5% SL and 3.0% SL.Conclusions: Lecithin-based diluent can be a potent proper alternative extender for preservation of spermatozoa during pre- and post-freezing process. SL 1.5% extenders have supplied an optimal environment and condition for ameliorating the quality of pre-freezing and post-thaw buffalo spermatozoa by means of improved motility, viability, functional acrosome, sperm membrane integrity and morphologically normal spermatozoa.展开更多
The objective of the present study was to determine the proper sources and concentrations of soybean lecithin （phosphatidylcholine, PC） to be used as substitute for hen egg yolk in extender for preserving goat semen...The objective of the present study was to determine the proper sources and concentrations of soybean lecithin （phosphatidylcholine, PC） to be used as substitute for hen egg yolk in extender for preserving goat semen. Two sources of soybean lecithin （20% and 95% soybean phosphatidylcholine; PC20 and PC95） and three concentrations （1%, 2% and 3% v/v） of PC20 and PC95 supplemented in Tris-citric acid-fructose （TCF） extender were tested. The TCF extender supplemented with 20% hen egg yolk was used as a control. Fresh semen samples were collected from 3 goats by artificial vagina. Seminal plasma was removed by centrifugation and sperm pellets were pooled together and divided into 7 groups according to types of extender. The diluted semen samples were kept at 4 ℃ （equilibration）. The semen qualities including progressive motility, sperm viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity and tail abnormalities were evaluated before dilution and after 4 hrs equilibration. It was found that the progressive motility of equilibrated semen in egg yolk and PC20 extenders were higher than those in PC95 extender （P 〈 0.05）. Sperm viability was lower in 1% and 2% PC95 extender compared to other extenders （P 〈 0.05）. PC20 extender maintained the sperm membrane integrity and normal tail morphology at low temperature better than egg yolk and PC95 （P 〈 0.05）. It can be concluded that 20% soybean phosphatidylcholine supplemented in TCF extender at 1%-3% （v/v） is as effective as hen egg yolk to preserve goat semen during equilibration at 4 ℃ for 4 hrs .展开更多
文摘An insulin-loaded emulsion system （IES） was developed as a hypoglycaemic drug for transmucosal delivery. The selected formulation was a stable oil/water emulsion system. The particles in the emulsion system were distributed evenly, and the particle size ranged from 20 to 260 nm（ average size ： 67.5 nm ）. Soybean lecithin played an important role in the emulsion system due to its abilities of acting as both absorption enhancer for insulin uptake through sublingual mucosa and oily phase for the emulsion system. The laser confocal scanning microscopic（LCSM） study showed that FITC-labelled insulin could penetrate the sublingual mucosa of rabbits, and the phase diagrams of the emulsion system suggested that soybean lecithin could take the place of oily phase to construct a stable emulsion system even if the traditional oil was absent. The applications of soybean lecithin as pharmaceutical biomaterial were extended for the further usage by present studies.
文摘the composites of grafting polystyrene polyvinyl acetate (PVA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with soybean lecithin, are obtained. Results of grafting experiments show that the grafting ratio on the surface of the fibers is low when the grafting polymer chain is not cross linked. Under scanning electron microscope (SEM), it is discovered that there is no different morphology between the raw fibers and their being coated with soybean lecithin. The composites exhibit a good stability of soybean lecithin layer, and better anti coagulant property than the sulfonated grafting fibers or raw fibers.
文摘Objective:To estimate the result of egg yolk replacement with alternative cryopreservatives such as plant-derived lecithin from soybean on sperm quality parameters pre and post freezing in buffalo bulls.Methods: The control cryopreservation extender was tris-citric acid-fructose-egg yolk-glycerol (TCFYG) diluent. Semen samples were extended gradually 1:10 with TCFYG control extender and tris-citric acid-fructose-glycerol (TCFG) extender plus variable concentrations of soybean lecithin (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0%) to ensure 60 million active spermatozoa/mL of the extended semen. The diluted semen samples were refrigerated slowly (roughly for 2 h) up to 5℃ and equilibrated for 2 h. Semen was filled into 0.25 mL polyvinyl French straws (IMV, France). After equilibration period, the straws were placed horizontally on a rack and frozen in a vapor 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 10 min and were then dipped stored in liquid nitrogen at -196℃. Results:The respective overall percentages of forward motile spermatozoa, live spermatozoa, morphologically normal spermatozoa, acrosome integrity and hypo-osmotic swelling reactivity observed primarily in fresh semen, after equilibration (pre-freeze stage) and post freezing (post-thaw stage) in TCFYG (control) extended semen declined progressively and statically (P<0.01) during these periods of study. Pre-freezing stage: replacement of egg yolk into TCFG with soybean lecithin at concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% significantly (P<0.01) ameliorated the maintenance of (motility, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity %), meanwhile it had significantly (P<0.01) reduced the abnormality % of spermatozoa to the lowest value compared to control TCFYG and to some other concentrations in use. Post-thaw stage: the replacement of egg yolk with 1.0% soybean lecithin (SL) showed significantly (P<0.01) higher percentage of sperm progressive motility compared to 1.5% SL and TCFYG control. These values were significantly (P<0.01) higher than 0.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% SL. The post thawing live sperm percentage mean values were significantly (P<0.01) higher in 1.0% SL and 1.5% SL compared to control. These values were significantly (P<0.01) higher than in 0.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% SL. The mean values of post-thaw morphological normal sperm percentage did not differ between 1.0% SL and control groups but significantly (P<0.01) higher than 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% SL. The respective percentage mean values of post-thaw sperm with head, mid-piece and tail abnormalities were significantly (P<0.01) lower in 1.0% SL than all other SL concentrations. Concerning the post-thaw percentages of acrosome and sperm membrane integrity, the respective mean values were significantly (P<0.01) higher in 1.0% SL and 1.5% SL as compared to control. Mean values of both parameters in the 0.5% SL were intermediate between 1.0% and 1.5% SL versus control groups. The previously mentioned mean values in acrosome/membrane integrity were significantly (P<0.01) higher than 2.0% SL, 2.5% SL and 3.0% SL.Conclusions: Lecithin-based diluent can be a potent proper alternative extender for preservation of spermatozoa during pre- and post-freezing process. SL 1.5% extenders have supplied an optimal environment and condition for ameliorating the quality of pre-freezing and post-thaw buffalo spermatozoa by means of improved motility, viability, functional acrosome, sperm membrane integrity and morphologically normal spermatozoa.
文摘The objective of the present study was to determine the proper sources and concentrations of soybean lecithin （phosphatidylcholine, PC） to be used as substitute for hen egg yolk in extender for preserving goat semen. Two sources of soybean lecithin （20% and 95% soybean phosphatidylcholine; PC20 and PC95） and three concentrations （1%, 2% and 3% v/v） of PC20 and PC95 supplemented in Tris-citric acid-fructose （TCF） extender were tested. The TCF extender supplemented with 20% hen egg yolk was used as a control. Fresh semen samples were collected from 3 goats by artificial vagina. Seminal plasma was removed by centrifugation and sperm pellets were pooled together and divided into 7 groups according to types of extender. The diluted semen samples were kept at 4 ℃ （equilibration）. The semen qualities including progressive motility, sperm viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity and tail abnormalities were evaluated before dilution and after 4 hrs equilibration. It was found that the progressive motility of equilibrated semen in egg yolk and PC20 extenders were higher than those in PC95 extender （P 〈 0.05）. Sperm viability was lower in 1% and 2% PC95 extender compared to other extenders （P 〈 0.05）. PC20 extender maintained the sperm membrane integrity and normal tail morphology at low temperature better than egg yolk and PC95 （P 〈 0.05）. It can be concluded that 20% soybean phosphatidylcholine supplemented in TCF extender at 1%-3% （v/v） is as effective as hen egg yolk to preserve goat semen during equilibration at 4 ℃ for 4 hrs .
