Since land resource database development in 1987/1988, a large amount of digital data in spatial, tabular and metadata format has been collected and generated. There are some application softwares of soil database to ...Since land resource database development in 1987/1988, a large amount of digital data in spatial, tabular and metadata format has been collected and generated. There are some application softwares of soil database to manage such a large amount of data, i.e.: Side & Horizon (SHDE4), Soil Sample Analysis (SSA), and Land Unit in dbf file, while Site and Horizon is in DataEase formats. The database contains soil physics and chemical property data of each soil horizon from surface to effective soil depth, climate, land surface condi- tions, and other parameters required for soil classification. Currently, database management software for land resources is still based on DOS and is stand alone. The system is not efficient and effectively used as Agri- cultural Land Resource Information System. At present, as a key component of this system requires review and development of new database software is compatible with the development of information technology. This paper explains about development of interactive agricultural land resources information system for op- timizing land resources data utilization. Hopefully, the software can give contributions in national Agricul- tural Land Resources System Information development for supporting food security.展开更多
During the NERIES Project, an accelerometric database containing European digital information was developed. Besides event and station metadata, ground motion parameters, computed in a homogeneous manner, were assemb...During the NERIES Project, an accelerometric database containing European digital information was developed. Besides event and station metadata, ground motion parameters, computed in a homogeneous manner, were assembled： PGA, PGV, AI, TD, CAV, H1 and PSV（f,5%） （19,961 components, 2629 events, 547 stations）. Merging small and moderate magnitude events produced a unique database capable of providing important information such as： （i） Correlations between several ground motion parameters follow analogous trends as in previous worldwide datasets, with slight corrections. （ii） Although PGA attenuations with distance show great uncertainties, four recent GMPEs recommended for Europe fit quite well the central 50% data interval for the distance range 10 〈 R 〈 200 kin; outside these distances, they do not fit. （iii） Soil amplification ratios indicate that weak motion （low magnitudes and larger distances） shows larger amplification than strong motion （short distances and large magnitudes） as represented in UBC97 for the USA, but not in EC8 for Europe. （iv） Average spectral shapes are smaller than in the EC8. （v） Differences in amplification factors for PGA, PGV and HI for EC8 soil classes B and C, and differences in spectral shapes for these soil classes, indicate that EC8, Type 2 S-coefficient should be frequency dependent, as in UBC97.展开更多
土壤遗留效应是介导植物群落和土壤特性之间相互作用的重要机制,不仅影响着植物群落动态和物种共存,同时在土地利用和管理方面也发挥着重要作用。本文基于Web of Science数据库中检索到的2000~2022年发表的相关文献进行计量学分析,探讨...土壤遗留效应是介导植物群落和土壤特性之间相互作用的重要机制,不仅影响着植物群落动态和物种共存,同时在土地利用和管理方面也发挥着重要作用。本文基于Web of Science数据库中检索到的2000~2022年发表的相关文献进行计量学分析,探讨此研究领域的研究现状以及热点问题。结果表明:土壤遗留效应的发文量总体呈现上升趋势,美国农业部是发文量最多的机构(646篇),以中国科学院为代表的国内科研机构对该领域的发展也做出了积极贡献;生态学、环境科学、土壤学和植物学是该领域的主要发文学科,这些学科的交叉合作对深入了解土壤遗留效应起着关键作用;在国际合作方面,该领域已显示出全球交流和联系日益密切的趋势,但考虑到地理位置等因素,未来各研究团队仍需保持密切合作,共同加强该领域高水平、高认可度研究成果的产出;目前,该领域的热点问题集中在土壤遗留效应对土壤微生物群落、农业土地管理和不同生态系统恢复的影响,以及气候因素在驱动遗留效应中的作用。未来的研究可以进一步探讨这些问题,并结合新兴技术手段,如遥感技术、GIS技术和模型模拟等,推动土壤遗留效应的定量评估和预测,为实现可持续土地管理和生态系统发展提供支撑。展开更多
Patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and density in various soil types or locations are the foundation for examining the role of soil in the global carbon cycle. An assessment of SOC storage and density patte...Patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and density in various soil types or locations are the foundation for examining the role of soil in the global carbon cycle. An assessment of SOC storage and density patterns in China based on soil types as defined by Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) and the recently compiled digital 1:1000000 Soil Database of China was conducted to generate a rigorous database for the future study of SOC storage. First, SOC densities of 7 292 soil profiles were calculated and linked by soil type to polygons of a digital soil map using geographic information system resulting in a 1:1 000 000 SOC density distribution map of China. Further results showed that soils in China covered 9 281×103 km2 with a total SOC storage of 89.14 Gt and a mean SOC density 96.0 t ha-1. Among the 14 CST orders, Cambosols and Argosols constituted high percentage of China's total SOC storage, while Andosols, Vertosols, and Spodsols had a low percentage. As for SOC density, Histosols were the highest, while Primosols were the lowest. Specific patterns of SOC storage of various soil types at the CST suborder, group, and subgroup levels were also described. Results obtained from the study of SOC storage and density of all CST soil types would be not only useful for international comparative research, but also for more accurately estimating and monitoring of changes of SOC storage in China.展开更多
The Yangtze delta area is among the fastest developing areas in China. Here there are mega-cities like Shanghai, Nanjing and the attached urban areas of different sizes including those along the lower reaches of the Y...The Yangtze delta area is among the fastest developing areas in China. Here there are mega-cities like Shanghai, Nanjing and the attached urban areas of different sizes including those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Shanghai up to Nanjing as well as their satellite cities and towns, forming one of the most densely distributed urban areas in China. This is a case study done in Suzhou city at the center of the Yangtze delta to reflect the impact of urban sprawl on soil resources using satellite images and digital soil databases. The extent of the developed land in the studied area and the impact of development on soil resources at 1:100,000 scale are estimated and the soil types impacted most by urbanization development are determined through overlaying the soil map on the satellite images (Landsat-7) of the studied area at different times (1984, 1995, 2000 and 2003). The methodology for this study consists of analyzing data resulting from using a geographic information system (GIS) to combine urban land use maps of different times derived from satellite images with data on soil characteristics contained in the established soil databases by which some results come into being to present the fast expanding trend of urbanization in the Yangtze delta area, the urban spread and the soils occupied by the urbanization process, and also the quality of the occupied soils.展开更多
In order to improve the precision of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates, the sources of uncertainty in soil organic carbon density (SOCD) estimates and SOC stocks were examined using 363 soil profiles in Hebei Provin...In order to improve the precision of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates, the sources of uncertainty in soil organic carbon density (SOCD) estimates and SOC stocks were examined using 363 soil profiles in Hebei Province, China, with three methods: the soil profile statistics (SPS), GIS-based soil type (GST), and kriging interpolation (KI). The GST method, utilizing both pedological professional knowledge and GIS technology, was considered the most accurate method of the three estimations, with SOCD estimates for SPS 10% lower and KI 10% higher. The SOCD range for GST was 84% wider than KI as KI smoothing effect narrowed the SOCD range. Nevertheless, the coefficient of variation for SOCD with KI (41.7%) was less than GST and SPS. Comparing SOCD’s lower estimates for SPS versus GST, the major sources of uncertainty were the conflicting area of proportional relations. Meanwhile, the fewer number of soil profiles and the necessity of using the smoothing effect with KI were its sources of uncertainty. Moreover, for local detailed variations of SOCD, GST was more advantageous in reflecting the distribution pattern than KI.展开更多
Due to the growing concern about the agricultural phosphorus (P) losses pollution, an in-depth understanding of P in paddy soils of China would be helpful in providing a national perspective of the environmental impac...Due to the growing concern about the agricultural phosphorus (P) losses pollution, an in-depth understanding of P in paddy soils of China would be helpful in providing a national perspective of the environmental impact of P cycling and fertility on China's farms. In this study, we evaluated the P storage and the P density of paddy soils in China, characterized the spatial variations of P among the subgroups of paddy soils and soil regions in China, and evaluated the P data using GIS-based analysis, which included a newly compiled 1:1 000 000 digital soil map of China, and using 1 490 soil profiles. The available and total P densities of paddy soils were 6.7 and 698.5 g m -3 , respectively. Overall in China, the total P storage within 1 m of paddy soils was estimated to be 330.2 Tg. The P density of paddy soils varied substantially with subgroups due to the different soil water regimes such as groundwater table and soil drainage. The P availability in paddy soils, especially in surface layer, was higher in high temperature and precipitation areas. Further research is needed to examine more anthropogenic impact factors, such as increasing use of chemical fertilizer.展开更多
Real-time monitoring and wireless transmission of farmland soil moisture have been paid with more and more attention in the research of agricultural drought monitoring, early warning and prevention and control technol...Real-time monitoring and wireless transmission of farmland soil moisture have been paid with more and more attention in the research of agricultural drought monitoring, early warning and prevention and control technology. The hardware design and software design of soil moisture monitoring in farmland were carried out, and a monitoring system based on the principles of ZigBee and GPRS technologies was developed and applied to the actual monitoring of soil moisture in farmland. This study provides a good idea to promote real-time monitoring, wireless transmission and intelligent management of soil moisture in farmland.展开更多
High-throughput sequencing technology is increasingly used in the study of nematode biodiversity.However,the annotation difference of commonly used primers and reference databases on nematode community is still unclea...High-throughput sequencing technology is increasingly used in the study of nematode biodiversity.However,the annotation difference of commonly used primers and reference databases on nematode community is still unclear.We compared two pairs of primers(3NDf/C_1132rmod,NF1F/18Sr2bR)and three databases(NT_V20200604,SILVA138/18s Eukaryota and PR2_v4.5 databases)on the determination of nematode community from four different vegetation types in Changbai Mountain,including mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,dark coniferous forest,betula ermanii Cham and alpine tundra.Our results showed that the selection of different primers and databases influenced the annotation of nematode taxa,but the diversity of nematode community showed consistent pattern among different vegetation types.Our findings emphasize that it is necessary to select appropriate primer and database according to the target taxonomic level.The difference in primers will affect the result of nematode taxa at different classification levels,so sequencing analysis cannot be used for comparison with studies using different primers.In terms of annotation effect in this study,3NDf/C_1132rmod primers with NT_v20200604 database could provide more information than other combinations at the genus or species levels.展开更多
The North American Soil Moisture Database (NASMD) was initiated in 2011 to assemble and homogenize in situ soil moisture measurements from 32 observational networks in the United States and Canada encompassing more th...The North American Soil Moisture Database (NASMD) was initiated in 2011 to assemble and homogenize in situ soil moisture measurements from 32 observational networks in the United States and Canada encompassing more than 1800 stations. Although statistical quality control (QC) procedures have been applied in the NASMD, the soil moisture content tends to be systematically underestimated by in situ sensors in frozen soils, and using a single maximum threshold (i.e., 0.6 m3 m-3) may not be sufficient for robust QC because of the diverse soil textures in North America. In this study, based on the in situ soil porosity and North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 (NLDAS-2) Noah soil temperature, the simple automated QC method is revised to supplement the existing QC approach. This revised QC method is first validated based on the assessment at 78 of the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations where the manually checked data are available, and is then applied to all stations in the NASMD to produce a more strict quality-controlled dataset. The results show that the revised automated QC procedure can flag the spurious and erroneous soil moisture measurements for the SCAN stations, especially for those located in high altitudes and latitudes. Relative to station measurements in the original NASMD, the quality-controlled data show a slightly better agreement with the manually checked soil moisture content. It should be noted that this quality-controlled dataset may be over-flagged for some valid soil moisture measurements due to potential errors of the soil temperature and soil porosity data, and validation in this study is limited by the availability of benchmark soil moisture data. The updated QC and additional validation will be desirable to boost confidence in the product when high-quality data become available in the future.展开更多
文摘Since land resource database development in 1987/1988, a large amount of digital data in spatial, tabular and metadata format has been collected and generated. There are some application softwares of soil database to manage such a large amount of data, i.e.: Side & Horizon (SHDE4), Soil Sample Analysis (SSA), and Land Unit in dbf file, while Site and Horizon is in DataEase formats. The database contains soil physics and chemical property data of each soil horizon from surface to effective soil depth, climate, land surface condi- tions, and other parameters required for soil classification. Currently, database management software for land resources is still based on DOS and is stand alone. The system is not efficient and effectively used as Agri- cultural Land Resource Information System. At present, as a key component of this system requires review and development of new database software is compatible with the development of information technology. This paper explains about development of interactive agricultural land resources information system for op- timizing land resources data utilization. Hopefully, the software can give contributions in national Agricul- tural Land Resources System Information development for supporting food security.
文摘During the NERIES Project, an accelerometric database containing European digital information was developed. Besides event and station metadata, ground motion parameters, computed in a homogeneous manner, were assembled： PGA, PGV, AI, TD, CAV, H1 and PSV（f,5%） （19,961 components, 2629 events, 547 stations）. Merging small and moderate magnitude events produced a unique database capable of providing important information such as： （i） Correlations between several ground motion parameters follow analogous trends as in previous worldwide datasets, with slight corrections. （ii） Although PGA attenuations with distance show great uncertainties, four recent GMPEs recommended for Europe fit quite well the central 50% data interval for the distance range 10 〈 R 〈 200 kin; outside these distances, they do not fit. （iii） Soil amplification ratios indicate that weak motion （low magnitudes and larger distances） shows larger amplification than strong motion （short distances and large magnitudes） as represented in UBC97 for the USA, but not in EC8 for Europe. （iv） Average spectral shapes are smaller than in the EC8. （v） Differences in amplification factors for PGA, PGV and HI for EC8 soil classes B and C, and differences in spectral shapes for these soil classes, indicate that EC8, Type 2 S-coefficient should be frequency dependent, as in UBC97.
文摘土壤遗留效应是介导植物群落和土壤特性之间相互作用的重要机制,不仅影响着植物群落动态和物种共存,同时在土地利用和管理方面也发挥着重要作用。本文基于Web of Science数据库中检索到的2000~2022年发表的相关文献进行计量学分析,探讨此研究领域的研究现状以及热点问题。结果表明:土壤遗留效应的发文量总体呈现上升趋势,美国农业部是发文量最多的机构(646篇),以中国科学院为代表的国内科研机构对该领域的发展也做出了积极贡献;生态学、环境科学、土壤学和植物学是该领域的主要发文学科,这些学科的交叉合作对深入了解土壤遗留效应起着关键作用;在国际合作方面,该领域已显示出全球交流和联系日益密切的趋势,但考虑到地理位置等因素,未来各研究团队仍需保持密切合作,共同加强该领域高水平、高认可度研究成果的产出;目前,该领域的热点问题集中在土壤遗留效应对土壤微生物群落、农业土地管理和不同生态系统恢复的影响,以及气候因素在驱动遗留效应中的作用。未来的研究可以进一步探讨这些问题,并结合新兴技术手段,如遥感技术、GIS技术和模型模拟等,推动土壤遗留效应的定量评估和预测,为实现可持续土地管理和生态系统发展提供支撑。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40621001 and 30390080)the Canadian International Development Agency (through the University of Toronto).
文摘Patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and density in various soil types or locations are the foundation for examining the role of soil in the global carbon cycle. An assessment of SOC storage and density patterns in China based on soil types as defined by Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) and the recently compiled digital 1:1000000 Soil Database of China was conducted to generate a rigorous database for the future study of SOC storage. First, SOC densities of 7 292 soil profiles were calculated and linked by soil type to polygons of a digital soil map using geographic information system resulting in a 1:1 000 000 SOC density distribution map of China. Further results showed that soils in China covered 9 281×103 km2 with a total SOC storage of 89.14 Gt and a mean SOC density 96.0 t ha-1. Among the 14 CST orders, Cambosols and Argosols constituted high percentage of China's total SOC storage, while Andosols, Vertosols, and Spodsols had a low percentage. As for SOC density, Histosols were the highest, while Primosols were the lowest. Specific patterns of SOC storage of various soil types at the CST suborder, group, and subgroup levels were also described. Results obtained from the study of SOC storage and density of all CST soil types would be not only useful for international comparative research, but also for more accurately estimating and monitoring of changes of SOC storage in China.
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.KZCX3-SW-427+1 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40171044
文摘The Yangtze delta area is among the fastest developing areas in China. Here there are mega-cities like Shanghai, Nanjing and the attached urban areas of different sizes including those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Shanghai up to Nanjing as well as their satellite cities and towns, forming one of the most densely distributed urban areas in China. This is a case study done in Suzhou city at the center of the Yangtze delta to reflect the impact of urban sprawl on soil resources using satellite images and digital soil databases. The extent of the developed land in the studied area and the impact of development on soil resources at 1:100,000 scale are estimated and the soil types impacted most by urbanization development are determined through overlaying the soil map on the satellite images (Landsat-7) of the studied area at different times (1984, 1995, 2000 and 2003). The methodology for this study consists of analyzing data resulting from using a geographic information system (GIS) to combine urban land use maps of different times derived from satellite images with data on soil characteristics contained in the established soil databases by which some results come into being to present the fast expanding trend of urbanization in the Yangtze delta area, the urban spread and the soils occupied by the urbanization process, and also the quality of the occupied soils.
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project in Leading Edge Fields, Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. ISSASIP0201), the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation of China (No. G1999011810) and the KnowledgeInnovation Project in Resource and
文摘In order to improve the precision of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates, the sources of uncertainty in soil organic carbon density (SOCD) estimates and SOC stocks were examined using 363 soil profiles in Hebei Province, China, with three methods: the soil profile statistics (SPS), GIS-based soil type (GST), and kriging interpolation (KI). The GST method, utilizing both pedological professional knowledge and GIS technology, was considered the most accurate method of the three estimations, with SOCD estimates for SPS 10% lower and KI 10% higher. The SOCD range for GST was 84% wider than KI as KI smoothing effect narrowed the SOCD range. Nevertheless, the coefficient of variation for SOCD with KI (41.7%) was less than GST and SPS. Comparing SOCD’s lower estimates for SPS versus GST, the major sources of uncertainty were the conflicting area of proportional relations. Meanwhile, the fewer number of soil profiles and the necessity of using the smoothing effect with KI were its sources of uncertainty. Moreover, for local detailed variations of SOCD, GST was more advantageous in reflecting the distribution pattern than KI.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2007CB407206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40621001)the Frontier Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ISSASIP0715)
文摘Due to the growing concern about the agricultural phosphorus (P) losses pollution, an in-depth understanding of P in paddy soils of China would be helpful in providing a national perspective of the environmental impact of P cycling and fertility on China's farms. In this study, we evaluated the P storage and the P density of paddy soils in China, characterized the spatial variations of P among the subgroups of paddy soils and soil regions in China, and evaluated the P data using GIS-based analysis, which included a newly compiled 1:1 000 000 digital soil map of China, and using 1 490 soil profiles. The available and total P densities of paddy soils were 6.7 and 698.5 g m -3 , respectively. Overall in China, the total P storage within 1 m of paddy soils was estimated to be 330.2 Tg. The P density of paddy soils varied substantially with subgroups due to the different soil water regimes such as groundwater table and soil drainage. The P availability in paddy soils, especially in surface layer, was higher in high temperature and precipitation areas. Further research is needed to examine more anthropogenic impact factors, such as increasing use of chemical fertilizer.
基金Supported by Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorology in the Public Welfare Profession of China(GYHY201306046-05)
文摘Real-time monitoring and wireless transmission of farmland soil moisture have been paid with more and more attention in the research of agricultural drought monitoring, early warning and prevention and control technology. The hardware design and software design of soil moisture monitoring in farmland were carried out, and a monitoring system based on the principles of ZigBee and GPRS technologies was developed and applied to the actual monitoring of soil moisture in farmland. This study provides a good idea to promote real-time monitoring, wireless transmission and intelligent management of soil moisture in farmland.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A2083),the K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Grant No.GJTD-2019-10)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021T140697).
文摘High-throughput sequencing technology is increasingly used in the study of nematode biodiversity.However,the annotation difference of commonly used primers and reference databases on nematode community is still unclear.We compared two pairs of primers(3NDf/C_1132rmod,NF1F/18Sr2bR)and three databases(NT_V20200604,SILVA138/18s Eukaryota and PR2_v4.5 databases)on the determination of nematode community from four different vegetation types in Changbai Mountain,including mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,dark coniferous forest,betula ermanii Cham and alpine tundra.Our results showed that the selection of different primers and databases influenced the annotation of nematode taxa,but the diversity of nematode community showed consistent pattern among different vegetation types.Our findings emphasize that it is necessary to select appropriate primer and database according to the target taxonomic level.The difference in primers will affect the result of nematode taxa at different classification levels,so sequencing analysis cannot be used for comparison with studies using different primers.In terms of annotation effect in this study,3NDf/C_1132rmod primers with NT_v20200604 database could provide more information than other combinations at the genus or species levels.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51779278,51379224,and 41671398)NOAA/CPO Modeling,Analyses,Predictions,and Projections(MAP) Program
文摘The North American Soil Moisture Database (NASMD) was initiated in 2011 to assemble and homogenize in situ soil moisture measurements from 32 observational networks in the United States and Canada encompassing more than 1800 stations. Although statistical quality control (QC) procedures have been applied in the NASMD, the soil moisture content tends to be systematically underestimated by in situ sensors in frozen soils, and using a single maximum threshold (i.e., 0.6 m3 m-3) may not be sufficient for robust QC because of the diverse soil textures in North America. In this study, based on the in situ soil porosity and North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 (NLDAS-2) Noah soil temperature, the simple automated QC method is revised to supplement the existing QC approach. This revised QC method is first validated based on the assessment at 78 of the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations where the manually checked data are available, and is then applied to all stations in the NASMD to produce a more strict quality-controlled dataset. The results show that the revised automated QC procedure can flag the spurious and erroneous soil moisture measurements for the SCAN stations, especially for those located in high altitudes and latitudes. Relative to station measurements in the original NASMD, the quality-controlled data show a slightly better agreement with the manually checked soil moisture content. It should be noted that this quality-controlled dataset may be over-flagged for some valid soil moisture measurements due to potential errors of the soil temperature and soil porosity data, and validation in this study is limited by the availability of benchmark soil moisture data. The updated QC and additional validation will be desirable to boost confidence in the product when high-quality data become available in the future.
