Load behaviors of a prefabricated wood framing house during lifting and transportation

Lifting for handling and flatbed truck transportation to the job site are important processes during manufacture of prefabricated wooden construction units like mini homes and building modules. Significant damage can occur to sections or components of units during these operations. Although damage usually will not impair its structural safety, it is costly to fix and causes the public to perceive prefabricated wooden buildings as low quality products. Field observations and preliminary numerical models for prefabricated units subject to lifting and transportation forces are summarized here. Once fully developed and verified, models will support the creation of damage mitigation strategies centered on structural details indicating how units are to be supported during lifting and transportation.

Practice Exploration of Green Building Design in Prefabricated Residential Building Design

Prefabricated residential building design fully embodies the concept of green building and aligns with China’s strategic plan for sustainable development.However,there is a need to further optimize green building design methods,enhance the design quality of prefabricated residential buildings,and improve energy and resource utilization.Compared to traditional construction methods,prefabricated residential building design still faces several challenges during the actual construction process.These challenges include difficulties in design,material selection and processing,and the high demands for construction coordination.To strengthen the application of green building concepts in prefabricated residential design and effectively promote the sustainable development of the construction industry,this paper discusses practical measures for implementing green building design in prefabricated residential projects for reference.

Impact of the Built Environment on the Mental Health of the Inhabitants in High-Rise Collective Housing in Algeria

For everybody, the house or the accommodation （and its environment） is a secure place, a haven space, which protects people from constraints of the everyday life. Unfortunately, and more or less everywhere in the third world, accommodation is for a great number of people a source of stress caused by daily obligations that people have to deal with. In Algeria, the majority of the high-rise collective housing estates through the country offers all the ingredients of a constrained urban environment for the inhabitants. For the most of the population, the accommodation appears as a vital need rather than a negotiable good. As a matter of fact, in the third world in general and particularly in Algeria, most of people live in communities where there is a shortage of accommodation and in which the social housing and its environment are often below the standards. Constructed on policies and a conception of housing which does not integrate at all the criteria of the sustainable development, millions of fiats have already been built. Millions are going to be built in the future, and will be of high-rise collective type. As underlined in this paper, it seems reasonable to think that such a degraded built environment will be unfavorable to the inhabitants and will have a negative impact on both their mental and physical health. The attempt is to demonstrate that there are evidences according to which the housing conditions, inside and outside the accommodation, contribute to create psychological distress and physiological diseases.

DEVELOPING A PREFABRICATED LOW-CARBON CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM USING CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) PANELS FOR MULTISTOREY INNER-CITY INFILL HOUSING IN AUSTRALIA

Prefabricated engineered solid wood panel construction systems can sequester and store CO_(2).Modular cross-laminated timber(CLT,also called cross-lam)panels form the basis of low-carbon,engineered construction systems using solid wood panels that can be used to build residential infill developments of 10 storeys or higher.Multi-apartment buildings of 4 to 10 storeys constructed entirely in timber,such as recently in Europe,are innovative,but their social and cultural acceptance in Australia and North America is at this stage still uncertain.Commercial utilisation is only possible if there is a demand and user acceptance.This paper explores the opportunities offered by an innovative low carbon construction system using cross-laminated timber(CLT)panels to improve the design and delivery of urban infill housing.CLT construction has been developed around 1996 in Austria:layers of timber boards are glued crosswise in different directions to increase loadbearing capacity.The paper describes a multi-disciplinary research project into cross-laminated timber panels which aims to transform the Australian construction and development industry,involving a range of key partners.This project will introduce cross-laminated timber panels as a way to build with a lightweight prefabricated low-carbon construction system that is advantageous for urban infill and residential buildings in the range of 4 to 8 stories height.The challenges,research questions and advantages of this new engineered timber system are explained,and a detailed research methodology for further research is presented.

Present Situation and Problems Analysis of Waterproof and Seal of Prefabricated Building Exterior Wall

With the continuous development and progress of China's social economy,the construction speed of our construction industry is also accelerating.Compared with the traditional cast-in-place reinforced concrete and masonry building,it has been unable to meet the requirements of the construction industry and the development of the times.Because the prefabricated building has the advantages of fast speed,water saving,land saving,noise reduction,material saving and energy saving in installation.Compared with traditional buildings,the prefabricated building is more energy efficient and practical.Therefore,the new type of precast assembly architecture is constantly highlighted and has become the mainstream of the development of the future construction industry.However,the technology started late in China,and the immature technology and imperfect supporting standards led to slow progress and even stagnation in China's construction industry.Through the analysis of the present situation and problems of the waterproof and sealing of the prefabricated building exterior walls,the suggestions for the healthy development of the construction industry in China are put forward in time.

P·House:基于装配式未来社区设计的设想

未来50年,宠物主人的数量将逐年增加,住房需求也越来越强调宠物友好环境的构建。文章基于场地调研和养宠人群侧写,提出P·House设计概念。引入垂直社区概念,将社区整体划分为3个主要公共空间,即底层的绿地系统、中间层的居民公共服务平台、最高层的宠物公共服务平台;引入邓巴定律,设计形成“4层住宅层+1层公共层”住宅模式;并结合SI体系理论,对建筑结构及户型进行设计。旨在从人宠共生的角度构建基于家庭全生命周期的宠物友好型社区模式。

基于BIM技术的装配式住宅装修构造设计

装配式住宅是建筑行业中新建住宅应用率较高的建设形式,然而受到生产技术、设计理念的影响,装配式建筑装修时方法较为传统,存在资金、资源、人力浪费严重,施工过程污染高等问题。为充分展现装配式住宅优势,应将基于计算机技术的BIM信息技术手段融入到装修构造设计环节,在装修模块库创建与管理的基础上,可视化分析装配式住宅装修构造设计的缺陷问题,从而有针对性地展开设计优化,以此提升装配式住宅装修构造设计的科学性与合理性,打造高品质的装配式住宅装修工程。

东北寒冷地区装配式农房热性能实测研究

双碳背景下,装配式轻钢结构建筑因其高效、经济、低碳的优势,成为当代乡村住宅建设发展的首要选择。以大连市复州城镇农房为例,通过对比分析装配式轻钢结构农房与当地传统青石砌筑结构农房的围护结构热工性能,从节能、环保效益角度分析装配式钢结构农房应用东北寒冷地区的适宜性。此外,实测结果表明装配式轻钢结构农房存在热稳定性差的问题,基于热稳定性影响因素分析发现提高外围护结构蓄热性能可有效提高轻质建筑的热稳定性和热舒适性。

装配式钢结构住宅成本管理研究

为科学有效地管理和控制装配式钢结构住宅的成本,从成本发生的源头入手,识别并筛选出25个影响因素,构建了基于解释结构模型的装配式钢结构住宅成本影响指标体系,清晰直观地分析各因素之间的相互影响关系。同时,引入理想点法计算各因素的组合权重,以此得出了主要的影响因素。研究结果显示,钢构件及“三板”构件采购的经济性等6个影响因素对装配式钢结构住宅成本的影响较大,故被确定为成本管理的关键要素。为实现对成本的有效管控,根据分析结果,从控制钢构件及“三板”构件的成本等4个方面提出了改进建议。

装配式住宅工程标准层施工效率分析

随着中国建筑业的飞速发展,装配式建筑这一新型的施工方法逐渐成为建筑行业的主流,建筑行业也逐渐工业化、标准化。以实际工程为例,对装配式住宅工程标准层施工工艺与施工效率进行阐述、分析,总结出装配式住宅工程标准层施工工艺及施工功效,从而为其他类似装配式住宅工程的施工管理提供一定的参考,并推动绿色建造水平发展。

装配式轻钢结构乡村住宅模块化设计研究——以重庆为例

针对我国乡村住宅建设技术与施工水平滞后的现状,本文在调研基础上归纳了重庆乡村住宅的空间模式与问题。研究了国内装配式轻钢结构在乡村的相关实践,通过对比装配式与传统建造流程提出了模块的层级划分方式,并运用冷弯薄壁型钢体系进行单体设计示范,从模块功能体系的标准化设计与多样化组合、结构体系标准化构件库建立、模块重要节点构造做法3个层面探究了装配式乡村住宅设计方法,以期为轻钢体系乡村住宅的模块化设计及推广提供思路。

林徽因《现代住宅设计的参考》及其住宅设计理论内涵初探

林徽因在《中国营造学社汇刊》第7卷第2期内发表的《现代住宅设计的参考》是《汇刊》中少见的关注现代住宅设计的论文,至今仍不失其学术价值。由于当时艰辛的写作条件,《参考》仅是一篇未完成稿,其内容在发表后近80年中尚未获得专门分析。本文将《参考》作为林徽因长期研究住宅建筑的阶段性成果,梳理其写作内容并尝试补足原文未及介绍的两个案例。在此基础上,本文提出《参考》记录了林徽因对住宅设计中社会调查、经济运营、功能策划、结构建造、能源利用等各个程序的关注,反映了她在住宅研究中科学化的方法论,蕴含着她对于住宅设计的体系性思考。

房建工程装配式建筑结构外挂墙板的施工技术

装配式结构具有多样化应用优势,不仅能解决环境因素影响,还能提高工程施工效率,被广泛应用到建筑工程施工方面。但从目前装配式建筑施工情况来看,其经常受到各种外在因素影响,如环境、地质、人为等,给整个工程施工质量带来严重影响。因此,为了解决上述问题,建筑企业要注重应用外挂墙板施工技术,促进建筑结构线条呈现多样化趋势,让整个造型更加美观。基于此,该文以某装配式施工项目为主要研究对象,分析结构外挂墙板施工技术优势,明确该施工技术的工艺流程,将其应用到房建工程装配式建筑结构施工方面,全面提高施工质量,促进建筑企业实现可持续发展。

装配式装修研究与应用

装配式装修作为新型建筑工业化的重要组成部分,通过标准化设计、工厂化生产和现场组装的方式,有效提升居住体验和建筑品质,同时降低施工能耗和建筑垃圾。装配式装修的四大关键技术包括一体化设计技术、部品集成定制、干式工法装配以及结构与管线分离技术等,以好房子展示房项目为例,展示了装配式装修系统在实际工程中的应用效果。装配式装修不仅有助于推动建筑行业的绿色发展和转型升级,而且是实现高质量发展的重要途径,有望在未来的建筑装修行业中发挥更加重要的作用。

装配式建筑在住宅产业化中的发展与挑战

装配式建筑通过标准化设计、工厂化生产、装配化施工,不仅提高了建筑效率,降低了能耗,还优化了建筑质量,为现代住宅建设带来了革命性的变革。尽管装配式建筑在住宅产业化中展现出了巨大的发展潜力,但在实际推广和应用过程中,也面临着诸多挑战。本文介绍了技术瓶颈、成本控制、市场接受度等问题是成为制约其进一步发展的关键因素。此外,如何平衡装配式建筑的高效性与个性化需求,如何在保证质量的同时实现成本优化,也是当前亟待解决的问题。

“百年住宅”的实践与创新——以宝业新桥风情项目为例

贯彻可持续发展理念,推动行业高质量发展,不断满足人民群众对健康居住和美好生活的向往,是推广和应用百年住宅的重要意义。本文首先简述了新时期我国住房建设的几个主要问题,然后介绍了百年住宅的设计理念与实施策略。最后通过案例分析,阐述新桥风情项目在开发过程中应用的百年住宅集成技术和创新性成果,为更好地推广和应用百年住宅提供参考,促进住宅建设可持续发展。

Flexible high-rise apartments with sparse wall-frame structure:A data-driven computational approach

Flexible housing resolves the fundamental conflicts between the long-standing structure and the evolving demands.We propose a computational method of optimizing the structural layout of high-rise residential buildings.Chinese high-rise apartment buildings have widely employed shear wall-frame structure in which one big room or multiple small rooms could occupy the same span.Fitting multiple floor plans into a fixed sparse scheme of shear walls and columns is feasible.We developed a computational framework to seek flexible structural schemes.A building scheme consists of a circulation core,shear walls,columns,and boundaries.The computer program automatically adapts floor plans to any drawn or generated scheme.Based on a large dataset of apartment layouts,the number of apartments that fit into a building scheme statistically reflects the flexibility of the scheme.If many hypothetical plans can fit into a wallframe structure in computer simulation,this structure could probably support several generations of unknown plans.Such a data-driven computational method provides the possibility of creating a one-to-many mapping between permanent structure and evolving apartment plans.

装配式被动房墙体传热系数测试与能耗模拟

以河北省保定市某装配式被动房为研究对象,采用热流计法对其东、西两侧围护结构主体部位的传热系数进行现场测试。基于测试结果,利用DeST能耗模拟软件模拟该建筑理论计算和实测传热系数下的全年能耗,得出理论计算与实测条件下利用传热系数计算的能耗偏差。结果表明该装配式被动房东、西两侧围护结构主体部位的实测传热系数相比.于理论计算值分别偏高偏差为103%。以期通过传热系数现场测试过程与能耗误差值的范围为今后进一步研究装配式被动建筑提供参考。

基于BIM的住宅装配式装修部品模块设计

针对住宅装配式建筑装修部品管理效率低、制造运维成本较高的问题,提出一种基于BIM的住宅装配式装修部品模块的设计方法。研究基于BIM技术,结合遗传算法进行参数优化,通过射频识别(RFID)标签、物联网技术以及区块链技术确保装修部品模块全生命周期的数据跟踪及信息安全;结合某住宅装配式工程进行实际案例分析,将基于BIM的设计方法及传统的ISM方法进行对比。实验结果表明:基于BIM的装修部品模块设计方法的质量评估结果均能达到92%以上,制造效率稳定保持在94%至96%的范围内,传统的ISM方法质量评估结果在82%至86%之间,制造效率在79%至82%之间。相比之下研究用方法在保证装修部品质量及制造效率的前提下,能够显著降低制造成本。

房建工程中装配式混凝土结构施工技术应用研究

装配式混凝土结构是现代房屋建筑工程常见的结构类型,具有工期短、质量好、效率高等优势。为此,文章围绕装配式建筑进行研究,分析了装配式建筑的概念和优势,阐述了房建工程中装配式混凝土结构施工技术的要点。旨在规范装配式混凝土结构施工流程,提升房建工程施工质量和房建工程综合效益。